1 00:00:02,330 --> 00:00:05,130 So let's get started writing some code here. 2 00:00:05,130 --> 00:00:06,900 I'm in a empty folder, 3 00:00:06,900 --> 00:00:09,240 and I just wanna really emphasize 4 00:00:09,240 --> 00:00:12,660 that I don't have Composer and so on installed. 5 00:00:12,660 --> 00:00:16,020 If I try to run this, I get command not found. 6 00:00:16,020 --> 00:00:18,980 So here, I'm really missing some of the tools 7 00:00:18,980 --> 00:00:22,820 which we need to build a Laravel application. 8 00:00:22,820 --> 00:00:25,770 And therefore, we're going to use Docker for that. 9 00:00:25,770 --> 00:00:30,750 And I am going to start by adding a docker-compose.yaml file 10 00:00:30,750 --> 00:00:34,810 because we are going to build multiple containers, 11 00:00:34,810 --> 00:00:37,320 and these containers need to interact, 12 00:00:37,320 --> 00:00:40,480 and I also, even if it would be just one container, 13 00:00:40,480 --> 00:00:44,290 I also like to have this configuration in a text file 14 00:00:44,290 --> 00:00:47,090 which is easy to read and change. 15 00:00:47,090 --> 00:00:48,620 So we'll use Docker Compose 16 00:00:48,620 --> 00:00:52,150 to set up this entire application, this entire project, 17 00:00:52,150 --> 00:00:55,150 and it will hold both the application containers 18 00:00:55,150 --> 00:00:57,460 as well as the utility containers. 19 00:00:57,460 --> 00:00:59,930 And I will also show you how you can run all 20 00:00:59,930 --> 00:01:03,103 or just some of these containers throughout this module. 21 00:01:04,010 --> 00:01:06,250 So let's get started by adding a version. 22 00:01:06,250 --> 00:01:09,950 And, again, I'll lock in version 3.8 here. 23 00:01:09,950 --> 00:01:13,600 And then, as a next step, let's specify our services. 24 00:01:13,600 --> 00:01:16,330 So our containers, which we want here. 25 00:01:16,330 --> 00:01:18,220 Now, I showed you on the slide 26 00:01:18,220 --> 00:01:21,260 that we'll have six different services. 27 00:01:21,260 --> 00:01:26,100 We'll have our server service, the nginx server, 28 00:01:26,100 --> 00:01:29,090 which will in the end take all the incoming requests 29 00:01:29,090 --> 00:01:31,453 and trigger the PHP interpreter. 30 00:01:32,292 --> 00:01:35,590 We'll have the PHP container therefore, 31 00:01:35,590 --> 00:01:40,210 which is responsible for running and executing our PHP code 32 00:01:40,210 --> 00:01:42,340 and therefore also the Laravel code 33 00:01:42,340 --> 00:01:45,780 because Laravel is just a PHP framework. 34 00:01:45,780 --> 00:01:48,640 We'll have the MySQL container, 35 00:01:48,640 --> 00:01:51,240 which holds the MySQL database, 36 00:01:51,240 --> 00:01:54,550 and then we'll also have these utility containers. 37 00:01:54,550 --> 00:01:56,740 We'll have the composer container, 38 00:01:56,740 --> 00:01:58,900 we'll have the npm container, 39 00:01:58,900 --> 00:02:03,440 and, maybe in front of that, but the order does not matter, 40 00:02:03,440 --> 00:02:06,423 still here, I'll have my artisan container. 41 00:02:07,420 --> 00:02:10,979 So these are the six containers we need here. 42 00:02:10,979 --> 00:02:13,950 And I will, of course, add them step by step. 43 00:02:13,950 --> 00:02:15,913 And let's start with the server. 44 00:02:16,880 --> 00:02:20,180 Now, the server, as I mentioned, will use nginx, 45 00:02:20,180 --> 00:02:22,210 which is a very popular, and powerful, 46 00:02:22,210 --> 00:02:24,550 and efficient web server. 47 00:02:24,550 --> 00:02:28,640 Now, the great thing is that if you Google for docker nginx, 48 00:02:28,640 --> 00:02:33,640 you find an official nginx image which you can use. 49 00:02:33,830 --> 00:02:36,890 So just as with MongoDB or Node, 50 00:02:36,890 --> 00:02:39,590 we also have an official image for that. 51 00:02:39,590 --> 00:02:44,080 And we can simply use that to set up a nginx server. 52 00:02:44,080 --> 00:02:47,050 You will also find documentation 53 00:02:47,050 --> 00:02:49,340 on how you may use this image 54 00:02:49,340 --> 00:02:52,350 here on this Docker Hub page, of course. 55 00:02:52,350 --> 00:02:55,360 But we, of course, will set it up together anyways. 56 00:02:55,360 --> 00:02:57,760 So back in the docker-compose file, 57 00:02:57,760 --> 00:03:00,520 we can now specify an image for the server, 58 00:03:00,520 --> 00:03:04,210 and we'll use an official image here, the nginx image. 59 00:03:04,210 --> 00:03:06,700 And now, there again, we've got multiple tags, 60 00:03:06,700 --> 00:03:09,320 multiple versions of that image we could use, 61 00:03:09,320 --> 00:03:13,710 and I will use this stable-alpine tag here 62 00:03:13,710 --> 00:03:16,190 to give us an image, which again is based 63 00:03:16,190 --> 00:03:20,060 on this very slim Linux operating system layer, 64 00:03:20,060 --> 00:03:23,713 and then obviously a stable version of this nginx image. 65 00:03:24,610 --> 00:03:29,363 So here, it's :stable-alpine, which I wanna use here. 66 00:03:30,620 --> 00:03:32,300 And even though you don't have to, 67 00:03:32,300 --> 00:03:34,600 I'll put that between quotes. 68 00:03:34,600 --> 00:03:37,010 It's often a bit safer to do that for text 69 00:03:37,010 --> 00:03:39,850 to ensure that nothing is somehow interpreted 70 00:03:39,850 --> 00:03:41,720 in a wrong way. 71 00:03:41,720 --> 00:03:45,790 Great, so that's the image we wanna use for our web server. 72 00:03:45,790 --> 00:03:48,833 Now, this web server also exposes a port. 73 00:03:49,790 --> 00:03:51,090 And how do I know that? 74 00:03:51,090 --> 00:03:54,010 Well, the official documentation tells us. 75 00:03:54,010 --> 00:03:59,010 It tells us here for example that we can expose this port 80 76 00:03:59,360 --> 00:04:03,883 which is, as it seems, exposed internally by that image. 77 00:04:04,780 --> 00:04:07,160 So therefore I wanna bind this port 78 00:04:07,160 --> 00:04:12,160 with the ports option here to some port on my host machine. 79 00:04:12,700 --> 00:04:16,500 And there, I'll use port 8000 80 00:04:16,500 --> 00:04:20,170 and bind this to the port 80 exposed by this image, 81 00:04:20,170 --> 00:04:22,720 and therefore by the running container. 82 00:04:22,720 --> 00:04:24,970 Now, we'll be able to spin up a container 83 00:04:24,970 --> 00:04:26,670 which has a server in it. 84 00:04:26,670 --> 00:04:29,900 But this server out of the box isn't too useful. 85 00:04:29,900 --> 00:04:32,480 It won't really know what it should do. 86 00:04:32,480 --> 00:04:35,000 And what it should do in this application 87 00:04:35,000 --> 00:04:38,090 is that it should have a look at incoming requests 88 00:04:38,090 --> 00:04:41,420 and eventually funnel them to our PHP container, 89 00:04:41,420 --> 00:04:42,550 which we'll have later, 90 00:04:42,550 --> 00:04:46,290 and let that container execute our PHP code. 91 00:04:46,290 --> 00:04:48,620 So to provide our own configuration, 92 00:04:48,620 --> 00:04:51,943 I'll add a bind mount here with the volumes key. 93 00:04:53,410 --> 00:04:56,210 And here, I wanna bind a local folder, 94 00:04:56,210 --> 00:04:59,800 let's say a nginx folder which we have yet to add, 95 00:04:59,800 --> 00:05:03,260 and in there, a nginx.conf file, 96 00:05:03,260 --> 00:05:05,920 and you can also target individual files 97 00:05:05,920 --> 00:05:08,350 in case you don't wanna bind a complete folder, 98 00:05:08,350 --> 00:05:12,250 but you just wanna copy one specific file into a container, 99 00:05:12,250 --> 00:05:15,320 then you can target that specific file. 100 00:05:15,320 --> 00:05:20,320 And, in the container, I wanna bind it to an absolute path, 101 00:05:20,680 --> 00:05:23,340 which should be in the etc folder, 102 00:05:23,340 --> 00:05:27,430 then nginx, and then nginx.conf. 103 00:05:27,430 --> 00:05:31,800 And in case you wonder why I picked this path specifically, 104 00:05:31,800 --> 00:05:33,800 well, because the official docs 105 00:05:33,800 --> 00:05:35,780 for this image tell me to do that, 106 00:05:35,780 --> 00:05:38,180 and that is how you work with these official images. 107 00:05:38,180 --> 00:05:41,860 You don't just know which ports are exposed 108 00:05:41,860 --> 00:05:45,000 or which folders do something special in the image, 109 00:05:45,000 --> 00:05:47,560 instead you have to read the documentation 110 00:05:47,560 --> 00:05:49,210 to learn such things. 111 00:05:49,210 --> 00:05:50,940 And here, we learned that we can pass in 112 00:05:50,940 --> 00:05:53,320 our own configuration by binding 113 00:05:53,320 --> 00:05:56,280 to this container internal path. 114 00:05:56,280 --> 00:05:59,230 And we can, of course, also set this to read only 115 00:05:59,230 --> 00:06:01,540 because the container should never change 116 00:06:01,540 --> 00:06:03,510 that configuration. 117 00:06:03,510 --> 00:06:07,150 And this will allow us to pass our own configuration file 118 00:06:07,150 --> 00:06:11,510 for this web server into this web server container. 119 00:06:11,510 --> 00:06:14,980 Now, we still need to create that on our host machine, 120 00:06:14,980 --> 00:06:17,490 so I will add an nginx folder here, 121 00:06:17,490 --> 00:06:20,620 and in that folder, an nginx.conf file. 122 00:06:20,620 --> 00:06:23,750 Now, you find the actual configuration file attached 123 00:06:23,750 --> 00:06:26,830 to this lecture because I already prepared it for you. 124 00:06:26,830 --> 00:06:29,333 So you can just use this finished file here. 125 00:06:30,240 --> 00:06:34,860 And this file in the end has some nginx configuration inside 126 00:06:34,860 --> 00:06:37,540 which basically listens on port 80, 127 00:06:37,540 --> 00:06:39,470 so we could change this here now 128 00:06:39,470 --> 00:06:41,620 if we wanted to listen on a different port 129 00:06:41,620 --> 00:06:43,180 inside of the container, 130 00:06:43,180 --> 00:06:46,360 which then handles requests to index files, 131 00:06:46,360 --> 00:06:48,240 which then also makes sure that we look 132 00:06:48,240 --> 00:06:51,620 in this directory for files 133 00:06:51,620 --> 00:06:55,250 that we can use to respond to the incoming request. 134 00:06:55,250 --> 00:06:57,610 This directory will become important soon. 135 00:06:57,610 --> 00:06:59,090 At the moment, we don't have it, 136 00:06:59,090 --> 00:07:01,260 neither in the container nor here, 137 00:07:01,260 --> 00:07:03,230 but I will come back to that. 138 00:07:03,230 --> 00:07:05,410 And then, we have redirection rules, 139 00:07:05,410 --> 00:07:08,710 basically ensuring that all incoming requests 140 00:07:08,710 --> 00:07:11,810 are redirected to index PHP files, 141 00:07:11,810 --> 00:07:15,390 or requests that do already target PHP files 142 00:07:15,390 --> 00:07:20,070 are in the end then forwarded to our PHP interpreter. 143 00:07:20,070 --> 00:07:21,800 And that's, of course, not something 144 00:07:21,800 --> 00:07:25,300 which will work right now, but it will work later. 145 00:07:25,300 --> 00:07:27,540 So let's save this config file 146 00:07:27,540 --> 00:07:30,840 and let's go back to the docker-compose YAML file. 147 00:07:30,840 --> 00:07:32,970 Because with that, we also ensured 148 00:07:32,970 --> 00:07:36,640 that we added our configuration here as a volume. 149 00:07:36,640 --> 00:07:39,850 And that is it for this server container. 150 00:07:39,850 --> 00:07:42,670 I am fully aware that this was brand new 151 00:07:42,670 --> 00:07:44,080 and maybe not something 152 00:07:44,080 --> 00:07:47,140 you would feel comfortable building from scratch, 153 00:07:47,140 --> 00:07:49,720 but that is why we're going through that together 154 00:07:49,720 --> 00:07:53,410 so that you see many examples and that you understand 155 00:07:53,410 --> 00:07:57,113 why we, for example built this container like this. 156 00:07:58,340 --> 00:08:01,890 With that though, we got this nginx container built, 157 00:08:01,890 --> 00:08:05,110 and now we can move on to the PHP container 158 00:08:05,110 --> 00:08:06,110 in the next lecture.