WEBVTT

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<v Tutor>So far, we have only used comparison operators</v>

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to take decisions with if else statements, right?

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But let's suppose we want to check

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if two values are actually equal,

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instead of one being greater

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or less than the other.

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And for that we have different equality operators.

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So let's start again with an eight variable

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and set it equal to 18.

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And I'm using age all the time,

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because it's so easy

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to make simple calculations with it.

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So let's now create an if statement,

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which will log to the console,

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that the person just became an adult,

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only if the age is exactly 18.

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So we can use an if statement,

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as you already know.

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And now to check if the age is exactly 18,

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We use the triple equal. Okay?

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And that's it.

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Let's not write a block

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of this if statement

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and then execute it.

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And then I will explain

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what happened here a little bit better.

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Now, whenever or if block only has one line,

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we actually don't need two curly braces. Okay?

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so we don't need to create this block

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if we only have one line.

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So we can omit this

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and only write this one line of code.

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In this case,

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you just became an adult.

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So let's test this.

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And indeed, the result is

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that we see the string locked to the console.

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And if the value would be something else

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for example 19, then 8 is no longer equal to 18.

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And so we shouldn't see this result. And indeed,

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but let's put it back to 18.

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Okay, so how does this equality operator here actually work?

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Well, just like the comparison operators,

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this operator will return a true or a false value.

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So a boolean value,

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only that in this case,

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true will only be the result of this operator

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in case that both sides are exactly the same. All right?

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let's actually show

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that result to you.

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And actually we can do

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that right here in the console.

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So if I see 18,

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equal equal equal to 18,

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this will be true.

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But if I say 18,

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equal equal equal to 19,

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it will be false.

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And so that's exactly what we used here,

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as a condition in this if block.

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So don't confuse the assignment

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which is just a single equal

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with the comparison operator,

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which is this triple equal.

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Now, besides this triple equal,

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we also have a double equal.

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So the difference is

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that this one here with the three equals

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is called the strict equality operator.

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It's strict,

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because it does not perform type coercion.

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And so it only returns

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to when both values are exactly the same.

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On the other hand,

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there's also the loose equality operator,

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which is only two equals,

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and the loose equality operator

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actually does type coercion.

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So let's see that here in the console again,

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so in this case,

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I can do 18, the string equal equal 18 the number,

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and it will still give me true.

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So again, the double equal does type coercion.

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So what this means is

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that this string here is 18

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will be converted to a number

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and then the number 18

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is the same as this number 18.

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Now, as I mentioned,

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the triple equals does not perform type coercion.

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And so let me show that to you.

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And so it's false.

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Because 18, the string

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is of course different than 18, the number,

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so it's not the same

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and JavaScript does not convert them for us.

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So let's try that also here in our code.

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I'm just going to copy this one.

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And then this, and let's say here,

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lose and here strict.

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So if I run this now,

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both these conditions should be true.

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So 18, the number,

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which is the age right now

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is equal to this 18 the number, right?

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It's strictly equal,

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but it's also loosely equal.

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So 18 the number is,

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of course also loosely equal to this 18.

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So let's run that.

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And indeed, we get a strict

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and the loose string printed to the console.

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But now if we change this

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to 18 the string

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Well, what do we expect to happen then?

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And indeed, only this line of code here is executed.

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So this one which says loose here,

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as we see here,

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and so that's

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because of the results

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that I showed you earlier,

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which is that

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with the loose equality operator 18 to string

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is the same as 18 the number

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because 18 to string

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will be converted to 18 the number.

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So I hope that's not too confusing for you,

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it is actually quite a confusing topic in JavaScript,

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because this loose equality operator.

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So this one here,

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is full of really weird rules and behaviors.

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This means that if we use this one here,

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this can introduce many hard

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to find bugs into our code.

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So as a general rule for clean code,

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avoid the loose equality operator

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as much as you can.

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So when comparing values,

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always use strict equality

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with the three equal signs,

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as I showed you here.

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And that's the reason why I showed you this one first.

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This is something

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that actually most JavaScript developers advise you to do.

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So it's a good rule for sure.

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Even if we actually need type conversion.

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In that case,

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it's better to convert the value manually

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before the comparison

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than relying on the double equal operator.

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Some always default to the triple equal operator

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and pretend that this one doesn't even exist. Okay?

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of course, I still needed to show it to you.

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But from now on,

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we will assume that it doesn't even exist.

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Great. So let's do another example here,

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because I actually have some more great stuff to show you.

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And the first thing

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that I want to show you is

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that there is a pretty simple way

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of getting a value from any webpage,

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we can do that by using the prompt function.

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And again, we will learn what functions are

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in the next section.

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But this is how it works.

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So we just write prompt,

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and then a string.

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And let's ask the user

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for his favorite number.

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So what's your favorite number.

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So let's see what happens when we load this now.

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So we get this prompt window.

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And here, we can input something,

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and then hit return.

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So basically, all this here

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will create a value,

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in this case, the number that i just input it.

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But we need to store this value somewhere.

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So let's create a variable called favorite.

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So it's in this favorite variable,

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where the value that we put into that form

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will be stored.

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So let's take a look at that console.log

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favorite. So 23.

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And you'll see

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that it now locks the value.

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But it's printed here in white.

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So remember, that means that it is a string.

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Let me prove that to you by checking the type.

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So by now we know how

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to always check the type, right?

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Pretty simple.

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And so now we should see string.

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Now, of course, we have to give the number again.

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So 23 is the result.

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And it is indeed a string.

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So now let's write some logic here

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to check if this is a great number, basically.

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So let's say if the favorite number is equal.

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And let's use this one first.

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So if the number is equal to 23,

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then let's log to the console.

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Cool. 23 is an amazing number.

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Okay. And so now this should actually work, shouldn't it?

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So 23, and we get this result.

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So again, why is that?

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Well, because we used the double equals here,

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which is the loose equality operator

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and this one will do type coercion, right?

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So right now, what we have here

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is basically 23 the string

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which is this one here

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equal equal 23.

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And so this one will be converted to a number

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and then the number 23 is

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of course equal to 23.

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However, if we use the triple equals,

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so the strict operator,

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then it should not work.

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So 23 again, but we do not get that log.

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And by now you already understand why that is. Right?

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So remember how I said

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that we should always use this one.

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And so we now have to convert this string to a number.

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And we can actually wrap all of this

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into that number function

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that we used to convert.

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So number

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and then we put all of this here

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which is the one that will generate the String 23.

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And then we wrap that into the parenthesis

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to execute the number converter.

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And so right now favorite is gonna be a number.

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And so then this should be back to working.

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Because then at this point,

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we have 23, equal 23.

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And so that, of course,

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is true here.

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And so then this line of code will run.

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So 23, and indeed it does.

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And you see that it's also now pink,

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meaning that it's a number.

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Now, if I use something else,

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then of course,

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this here is also false.

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So if I have 22 here,

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then this will, of course,

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be false, because they are different.

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But this actually brings me to my next point,

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which is the next cool thing

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that I wanted to show you.

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And that is that we can actually add more condition

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to an if else statement.

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So, so far, we have only used if else.

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However, we can also add an else if block

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that works like this.

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So else, and then a new if

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so, let's not do favorites,

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equal to seven,

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let's say seven is also a cool number.

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And so what this will do,

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is to first check if the number is 23 here,

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then if it's not, it will,

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of course, go to the next block,

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which is this one,

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and then it will check this condition.

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Well, if the number is seven now,

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then run this code.

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And then at the end,

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we can also add an else block.

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So let's say number is not 23 or seven.

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So let's test that.

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So if I put seven now,

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we get seven is also a cool number.

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And so that's our else if block here.

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So this second one here running.

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But now if I do something else,

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that is neither 23 nor seven,

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then we go to that last else block here.

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Okay, and we can actually keep adding more and more.

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So we can do this as long as we want.

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So we can do else if favorite,

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triple equal nine, for example.

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Let's simply grab this one here,

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say nine is also a cool number.

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And then number is not 23 or seven or nine,

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just to make it really complete.

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And so now if we use the nine,

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then nine is also a cool number.

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So we now have a way

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of not going immediately

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into the else block

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once the initial condition is false.

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So if this one is false,

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it doesn't immediately go into the else block.

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There are now other conditions

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that can be checked one after the other.

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First, we check for 23.

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But if it's not 23,

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we check if it's seven.

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If it's not seven,

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we check if it's nine.

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And if it's not nine,

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well, then the final else block will be executed. Okay?

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I hope that makes sense.

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00:13:37.920 --> 00:13:40.683
And we actually use this from time to time.

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Okay, and now to finish there's also

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an operator for different.

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So we talked about equal.

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But of course, there must also be an operator

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which does the opposite.

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And so that's the different operator.

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And so Let's now check

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if the favorite is different from 23.

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00:14:01.500 --> 00:14:03.870
So we use the exclamation mark

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and then the double equal

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which is the strict version.

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00:14:07.860 --> 00:14:09.670
And then there's also the loose version,

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00:14:09.670 --> 00:14:10.890
which is this one.

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00:14:10.890 --> 00:14:12.710
So with just one equal

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but just as before always use the strict version.

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So if the number is not 23,

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00:14:19.215 --> 00:14:23.277
we can lock something like saying why not the 23. Okay?

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00:14:32.420 --> 00:14:34.210
let's try that.

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00:14:34.210 --> 00:14:36.180
And let's use nine.

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So what do you think will happen

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when we use the number nine.

328
00:14:40.820 --> 00:14:43.870
So we get first this lock here

329
00:14:43.870 --> 00:14:48.433
from this else if block, right?

330
00:14:49.720 --> 00:14:52.950
But then we also get this why not 23 message

331
00:14:52.950 --> 00:14:54.470
and that's of course coming

332
00:14:54.470 --> 00:14:57.390
from this if block here.

333
00:14:57.390 --> 00:15:00.400
So nine is of course different from 23

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00:15:00.400 --> 00:15:04.600
And so a this code here is being executed.

335
00:15:04.600 --> 00:15:08.333
But now if we actually use the 23,

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00:15:09.280 --> 00:15:12.660
then only this line of code is executed.

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00:15:12.660 --> 00:15:14.130
And this one here isn't

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because the favorite number

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00:15:16.470 --> 00:15:18.790
is now equal to 23.

340
00:15:18.790 --> 00:15:20.760
And so of course, it doesn't make sense

341
00:15:20.760 --> 00:15:23.110
to then execute this one here.

342
00:15:23.110 --> 00:15:26.410
So sometimes we need the different operator

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00:15:26.410 --> 00:15:29.270
and sometimes we need the equality operator.

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Just choose whatever you need

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00:15:30.850 --> 00:15:33.500
to solve any particular problem.

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In both cases, just make sure

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to use the strict version of the operator