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‫So you already learnt

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‫how to create new documents in the database.

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‫But in this lecture I'm going to show you

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‫an easier and even better way of doing so,

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‫as we implement our create tour handler.

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‫So at this point our API

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‫basically doesn't do anything anymore.

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‫It doesn't work anymore

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‫because basically we deleted all the functionality

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‫that we had in the last video.

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‫And we did so, so that over the next couple of lectures

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‫we can rebuild it using a real database.

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‫Okay, so basically finally building our real API.

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‫And we're gonna start by implementing

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‫the createTour function.

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‫But just remember the handler function

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‫that is called as soon as there is a post request

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‫to the tours route.

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‫So that's what we have here in tourRoutes.

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‫So let's put that here.

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‫So what I just said is this.

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‫So we have this checkBody here.

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‫Which actually is something

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‫that we will be able to delete as well.

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‫So where is that, actually?

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‫checkBody

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‫alright, so this is yet another of these functions

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‫that we really don't need anymore.

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‫Because this was basically to validate the body.

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‫So to see if it had the name or the price property in them.

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‫Right?

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‫But now our mongoose model

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‫is actually gonna take care of that.

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‫And so again, this here was nice

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‫to actually show us how middle-ware works

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‫but now we can get rid of it.

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‫Okay, and so I'm gonna delete it from here as well.

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‫Give it a new save.

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‫And it's now back to working.

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‫Anyway the function that we're creating now

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‫is this createTour function.

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‫Where just the one data is going to get called

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‫as soon as someone hits the tour route with a post request.

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‫Okay, so just to recap that

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‫because I know that it can be a bit confusing

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‫with these different files and different folders

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‫and different functions.

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‫But it's also really important

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‫that we start organizing our code

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‫right from the beginning.

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‫Okay?

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‫Anyway, we are here in the createTour function.

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‫And so let's now actually create a new tour.

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‫And we're gonna do that based on the data

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‫that comes in from the body.

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‫Remember that?

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‫Now remember how we used to create documents

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‫a couple of lectures ago.

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‫So we did it like this.

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‫For example let's say newTour

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‫then equal to newTour

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‫and then the data in there.

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‫So we did it like this and then that's a new tour.

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‫And then we type newTour.save

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‫and that works kinda fine.

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‫But we can do it in an even easier way.

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‫So instead of doing this we can do

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‫Tour.create and then paste the data in there.

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‫Okay and that will do the exact same thing.

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‫The main difference is that in this version here

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‫we basically call the method directly on the tour

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‫while in this first version we called the method

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‫on the new document.

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‫Okay, and so that is completely different.

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‫So again we had the tour that we created

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‫from the model.

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‫And then on that tour we used the save method.

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‫Because the document has access to this method

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‫and a lot of other methods as well.

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‫But here in the second situation

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‫we call this create method right on the model itself, okay?

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‫Now remember how this save method here returned a promise.

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‫And so this create here does return a promise as well.

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‫And so in order to get access to the file document

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‫as it was created in the database,

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‫we would then to have used .then okay?

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‫But instead of using promises like this,

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‫I'm gonna start using async await.

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‫Alright.

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‫So this function here should be an async function.

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‫So all we need to do

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‫is to write async right here.

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‫So we have async and so we can now await the result

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‫of this promise here.

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‫So I hope you are familiar with this.

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‫And I actually have a section in this course

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‫that deals with exactly this kind of stuff.

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‫So if you didn't watch that section

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‫but are still not 100% familiar with async await

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‫then please go ahead and watch that section

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‫so that you really understand what's going on here.

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00:04:36,040 --> 00:04:39,270
‫Okay, so instead of using this then here

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‫I'm gonna use async await

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‫and then save the result value of this promise

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‫in the new tour variable.

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‫Okay, now the final piece of the puzzle here

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‫is to of course pass some real data into this create method.

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‫And so instead of this empty object

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‫we're gonna pass in the request body

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‫so req.body and so that's the data

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‫that comes with the post request, right?

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‫Now just one more time,

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‫just to make sure that everything is clear to you.

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‫Okay so we can use the tour model directly

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‫and call the create method on it.

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‫Then into that function we pass the data

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‫that we want to store in the database as a new tour.

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‫And that data comes from the post body, right?

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‫And so that's stored inside of request dot body.

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‫So this variable here.

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‫Now this method here will then return a promise.

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‫And we await that promise using async await

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‫and then store that result into the newTour variable

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‫which will be the newly created document

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‫already with the ID and everything, okay?

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‫So I'm gonna keep this code here

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‫just as a reference.

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‫And for now let's get this piece of data here back.

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‫Piece of code actually.

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‫Give it a save.

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‫And now we get this ES lint error.

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‫So let's take a look at that

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‫just put our mouse on here.

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‫And it tells us that async functions are not supported

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‫until this node 7.6

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‫and so this ES lint error comes from that node plugin

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‫that we actually installed.

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‫So you can see that here.

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‫Alright, so what we're gonna to do fix this

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‫is to simple go to package.json

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‫and in here you find the node version

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‫that we are actually using.

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‫So that's very simple.

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‫We just need to specify the engines property

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‫here in our json document.

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‫And set node to greater or equal

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‫than 10.

148
00:06:47,230 --> 00:06:48,850
‫Okay, and that's because in this course

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‫we are using at least node ten.

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00:06:52,636 --> 00:06:56,490
‫So 7.6 would be enough in order to make that error disappear

151
00:06:56,490 --> 00:06:58,610
‫but of course we specify the real version

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‫that we're actually using.

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00:06:59,890 --> 00:07:01,690
‫So we give this one a save.

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‫Close that up.

155
00:07:03,010 --> 00:07:06,500
‫And so now our error here is actually gone.

156
00:07:06,500 --> 00:07:09,560
‫Now just one more step before we can actually try this out

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‫in our Postman app.

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‫And that is that we actually need to handle errors.

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‫Okay, and so keep in mind that with async await

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‫we need to test for errors using the try catch syntax.

161
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‫So we write a try block.

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‫Then wrap all our code in there.

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‫And then finally a catch block.

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‫Which as we already know has access to the error object.

165
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‫And now what do we actually put here?

166
00:07:41,410 --> 00:07:42,940
‫Well we need to think about

167
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‫when exactly an error can happen.

168
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‫So remember like two lectures ago

169
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‫when we were creating our first documents.

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‫We got an error back then

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‫when we tried to create a document

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‫without one of the required fields, right?

173
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‫And so that was a validation error.

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‫And it's one of the errors that would get catched here.

175
00:08:02,370 --> 00:08:05,290
‫Okay because if we tried to create a document

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‫let's say without one of the required fields

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‫then this promise that is created here

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‫would be rejected, okay?

179
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‫And so if we have a rejected promise here

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‫then it will enter the catch block.

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‫And so therefore, basically in this catch block here

182
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‫we want to send back a response

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00:08:23,050 --> 00:08:25,580
‫saying that there was an error.

184
00:08:25,580 --> 00:08:30,580
‫Alright so res.status here again

185
00:08:30,670 --> 00:08:33,483
‫and 400 which stands for bad request.

186
00:08:35,967 --> 00:08:36,980
‫.json

187
00:08:37,950 --> 00:08:40,290
‫and now something very similar to this one

188
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‫but its status and that's fail

189
00:08:44,270 --> 00:08:48,050
‫and then instead of data here we send a message

190
00:08:48,970 --> 00:08:51,520
‫and for now lets just set the message to the error.

191
00:08:52,560 --> 00:08:53,393
‫Alright.

192
00:08:54,800 --> 00:08:59,260
‫And let's now finally get back to our Postman application

193
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‫and give this a try.

194
00:09:01,643 --> 00:09:03,990
‫Okay, so create this one

195
00:09:03,990 --> 00:09:06,170
‫and let's now create a new tour.

196
00:09:06,170 --> 00:09:07,790
‫So right now here we have

197
00:09:07,790 --> 00:09:11,370
‫the name duration difficulty and price

198
00:09:11,370 --> 00:09:13,860
‫and so let's actually also add the rating

199
00:09:15,400 --> 00:09:18,040
‫and that needs to be in double quotes

200
00:09:21,050 --> 00:09:21,883
‫4.7.

201
00:09:22,900 --> 00:09:25,570
‫Alright, and now comes the moment.

202
00:09:25,570 --> 00:09:29,330
‫Send and indeed here we go.

203
00:09:29,330 --> 00:09:32,170
‫So this is the tour

204
00:09:32,170 --> 00:09:33,430
‫that we just created.

205
00:09:33,430 --> 00:09:34,520
‫We have our rating.

206
00:09:34,520 --> 00:09:36,950
‫We have our name and we have our price.

207
00:09:36,950 --> 00:09:39,780
‫And of course the automatically created ID.

208
00:09:39,780 --> 00:09:40,890
‫Now you might notice

209
00:09:40,890 --> 00:09:44,360
‫that we have no difficulty and no price.

210
00:09:44,360 --> 00:09:46,870
‫Well why do you think that is?

211
00:09:46,870 --> 00:09:48,920
‫Well that's because these two fields

212
00:09:48,920 --> 00:09:51,030
‫are actually not in our schema

213
00:09:51,030 --> 00:09:54,240
‫and so therefore they are not put in the database.

214
00:09:54,240 --> 00:09:56,730
‫So everything else that is not in our schema

215
00:09:56,730 --> 00:09:57,840
‫is simply ignored.

216
00:09:57,840 --> 00:10:01,800
‫So that is the power of our schema, alright?

217
00:10:01,800 --> 00:10:05,210
‫Great, now let's actually try to send this again

218
00:10:05,210 --> 00:10:08,113
‫and so that should give us an error, right?

219
00:10:08,950 --> 00:10:10,650
‫And indeed there we go.

220
00:10:10,650 --> 00:10:13,340
‫We have our 400 bad request.

221
00:10:13,340 --> 00:10:15,200
‫And we have this message

222
00:10:15,200 --> 00:10:17,810
‫which is the complete error that we got.

223
00:10:17,810 --> 00:10:21,330
‫And so here we see that the error message is duplicate key.

224
00:10:21,330 --> 00:10:24,510
‫And so that's because we already have the Test Tour 2.

225
00:10:24,510 --> 00:10:26,563
‫And so it could not create another one.

226
00:10:29,330 --> 00:10:33,960
‫So let's just create another one here like Jonas Tour.

227
00:10:33,960 --> 00:10:35,933
‫It doesn't really matter, okay?

228
00:10:36,850 --> 00:10:39,083
‫I just wanna create it,

229
00:10:39,940 --> 00:10:42,490
‫first without any of this

230
00:10:42,490 --> 00:10:45,030
‫just to see if we get another error.

231
00:10:45,030 --> 00:10:48,070
‫And indeed we get some more errors here.

232
00:10:48,070 --> 00:10:50,300
‫This time saying that

233
00:10:50,300 --> 00:10:51,870
‫that the tour validation failed

234
00:10:51,870 --> 00:10:54,053
‫because a tour must have a price.

235
00:10:54,980 --> 00:10:57,170
‫Okay, so you see that right now we have

236
00:10:57,170 --> 00:11:00,090
‫this kind of weird error structure here.

237
00:11:00,090 --> 00:11:04,650
‫So Mongo DB gives back this huge complete error object.

238
00:11:04,650 --> 00:11:07,100
‫And later on we're actually gonna take care of that.

239
00:11:07,100 --> 00:11:10,720
‫So we will have an entire section on error handling alone.

240
00:11:10,720 --> 00:11:14,420
‫And by then we will create some more meaningful errors.

241
00:11:14,420 --> 00:11:18,080
‫Okay, for now let's just replace this error object

242
00:11:18,080 --> 00:11:20,490
‫with some normal string here.

243
00:11:20,490 --> 00:11:25,440
‫So let's say invalid data sent.

244
00:11:25,440 --> 00:11:27,950
‫Okay, so don't do something like this

245
00:11:27,950 --> 00:11:30,350
‫in a real production application

246
00:11:30,350 --> 00:11:32,930
‫but again we're gonna have some real error handling

247
00:11:32,930 --> 00:11:35,430
‫a bit later which is gonna take care of that.

248
00:11:35,430 --> 00:11:39,360
‫Okay, so displaying meaningful errors to the client.

249
00:11:39,360 --> 00:11:40,750
‫So let's just go back here

250
00:11:41,610 --> 00:11:43,040
‫send it again.

251
00:11:43,040 --> 00:11:45,950
‫And so now we get this normal string here.

252
00:11:45,950 --> 00:11:50,510
‫So let's just create the price here.

253
00:11:50,510 --> 00:11:53,520
‫Let's set it to 567

254
00:11:54,490 --> 00:11:55,700
‫then send it.

255
00:11:55,700 --> 00:11:56,860
‫And so now you will see

256
00:11:56,860 --> 00:11:59,813
‫that our default rating here is actually still working.

257
00:12:01,800 --> 00:12:05,810
‫Let's now figure all of this out in compass as well.

258
00:12:05,810 --> 00:12:09,860
‫And indeed we get our four tours in the database.

259
00:12:09,860 --> 00:12:12,210
‫So all these weird tests

260
00:12:12,210 --> 00:12:14,960
‫that we've been doing up until this point.

261
00:12:14,960 --> 00:12:19,140
‫So let's just go ahead and delete these last two.

262
00:12:19,140 --> 00:12:21,123
‫That were really just for testing.

263
00:12:24,500 --> 00:12:26,130
‫Alright.

264
00:12:26,130 --> 00:12:28,773
‫So something went wrong here I guess.

265
00:12:30,130 --> 00:12:32,782
‫Okay, now we're back to these two.

266
00:12:32,782 --> 00:12:34,610
‫Let's now just create the third one

267
00:12:34,610 --> 00:12:36,760
‫that we actually had before in the last section.

268
00:12:36,760 --> 00:12:38,763
‫Which is the Snow Adventurer.

269
00:12:42,490 --> 00:12:43,630
‫So the Snow

270
00:12:45,800 --> 00:12:47,080
‫Adventurer.

271
00:12:47,080 --> 00:12:48,280
‫The price was ...

272
00:12:48,280 --> 00:12:49,790
‫I'm not sure anymore

273
00:12:49,790 --> 00:12:51,973
‫like 697 maybe.

274
00:12:54,410 --> 00:12:57,870
‫And the rating is like six

275
00:12:57,870 --> 00:12:59,963
‫or actually 4.8.

276
00:13:01,360 --> 00:13:02,800
‫Sent that guy.

277
00:13:02,800 --> 00:13:04,600
‫And so indeed here we go.

278
00:13:04,600 --> 00:13:05,810
‫Great.

279
00:13:05,810 --> 00:13:09,050
‫Just to quickly recap our createTour function.

280
00:13:09,050 --> 00:13:10,740
‫So we have a try catch here

281
00:13:10,740 --> 00:13:13,833
‫because we're actually using an async await function here.

282
00:13:14,859 --> 00:13:16,100
‫Right, so we use async await

283
00:13:16,100 --> 00:13:18,910
‫because this tour.create returns a promise

284
00:13:18,910 --> 00:13:21,500
‫that we're awaiting so that we can then store

285
00:13:21,500 --> 00:13:23,530
‫the newly created tour document

286
00:13:23,530 --> 00:13:25,340
‫inside of this variable

287
00:13:25,340 --> 00:13:27,277
‫and then send it along with the response

288
00:13:27,277 --> 00:13:30,280
‫to the client down here.

289
00:13:30,280 --> 00:13:32,600
‫Okay but in case there is an error,

290
00:13:32,600 --> 00:13:34,850
‫like a validation error for example

291
00:13:34,850 --> 00:13:37,120
‫then that error is gonna be catched

292
00:13:37,120 --> 00:13:39,700
‫and we send something else back to the client

293
00:13:39,700 --> 00:13:41,900
‫with this error message.

294
00:13:41,900 --> 00:13:44,890
‫So this is how we create documents using mongoose.

295
00:13:44,890 --> 00:13:47,963
‫Next up we're gonna talk about reading documents.