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‫So now that you have

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‫a good overview of how the web works

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‫behind the scenes, let's learn

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‫about what back-end web development actually is

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‫and how it compares to front-end development,

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‫because this is a very important distinction

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‫in the web development world.

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‫So in order to distinguish between

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‫the front-end and the back-end

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‫of a website and of web development

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‫as a general, we still consider

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‫the same client-server architecture

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‫that we talked about before.

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‫So in general terms, front-end development

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‫is about everything that happens in the web browser.

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‫So it's about designing and building

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‫the final website that's gonna

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‫be visible to the user, and therefore,

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‫the name front-end.

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‫The front-end developer uses

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‫the basic technologies: HTML, CSS, and JavaScript,

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‫which together form the front-end technology stack.

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‫Now, many modern front-end developers

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‫add more stuff to the front-end stack

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‫like React or Angular or Redux or GraphQL

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‫or whatever is cool these days.

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‫So these technologies make front-end development easier

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‫and all these technologies together

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‫that a developer or a team decides

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‫to use on the front-end, is their

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‫front-end stack, okay?

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‫And you probably already know most

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‫of this stuff anyway, but I still wanna give you

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‫a brief overview of how everything fits

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‫into the bigger picture here.

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‫All right, and now moving on to the back-end.

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‫This part of web development is

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‫about everything that happens on the web server,

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‫so everything that is invisible

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‫to the final user and therefore

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‫the name back-end, okay?

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‫And since we're talking about the server site now,

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‫let's actually define what a server really is.

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‫Well a basic server is really just a computer

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‫that is connected to the internet

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‫which, first, stores a website's files

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‫like HTML, CSS, and images,

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‫and second, runs an HTTP server

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‫that is capable of understanding URLs,

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‫requests, and also delivering responses.

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‫So this piece of HTTP server software

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‫is what actually communicates with the browser

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‫using requests and responses.

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‫Therefore, it is like the bridge

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‫between the front-end and the back-end

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‫of a website or web application.

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‫Now a simple web server like the one

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‫I just described is called a static server,

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‫because all it can really do is

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‫to serve static files to the client via HTTP.

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‫If you just need to host a simple website,

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‫then this is really all you need.

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‫But if you wanna take it to the next level

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‫and create dynamic web applications

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‫that talk to databases and all that good stuff,

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‫we use a server that is also capable

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‫of running OR dynamic applications,

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‫just like the code that we wrote

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‫and executed in the intro section of the course.

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‫This is then called a dynamic server,

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‫where we have OR app running,

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‫an HTTP server, and of course,

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‫the files all talking to each other.

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‫And in some cases, that's all we need

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‫for OR applications, but usually

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‫when we build dynamic websites or apps,

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‫we will also use a database,

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‫which we can access right from our applications.

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‫By the way, if the term static

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‫and dynamic websites or applications

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‫are a bit confusing for you, no problem.

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‫We will talk about that right in the next video.

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‫Anyway, we can use the database

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‫to store stuff like users or application data

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‫or text to fill up a website template.

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‫In any serious application, there will always

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‫be a database and our back-end code

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‫will communicate with that data base.

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‫So, some usual stuff that is handled

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‫on the back-end or the server side

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‫as we can also call it to create user profiles,

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‫perform log-in's, send emails, handle payment,

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‫retrieve and send request data from a database

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‫to a client, manipulate data in the database,

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‫fill up website templates, and so much more.

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‫And we will do many of these exciting things

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‫throughout the course, actually all of them really.

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‫Now about the technology as you can guess,

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‫we are gonna use NodeJS as a dynamic web server

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‫and MongoDB as our database,

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‫so datas or back-end stack.

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‫But there are so many different back-end technologies

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‫and stacks available for the back-end.

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‫Things like PHP with MySQL database

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‫or Python with PostgreSQL database

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‫or some people use Ruby on Rails

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‫maybe with even some other database.

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‫But, since you wanna learn NodeJS

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‫well we are gonna use exactly that.

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‫And the most popular database that is used

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‫with Node is, without a doubt, MongoDB.

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‫And, so, that is our choice for a back-end stack.

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‫Now, you might have heard the term full stack before,

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‫and that simply is the front-end

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‫plus the back-end stacks together.

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‫So, the developer that does both front-end

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‫and back-end development can call himself

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‫a full stack developer, but these developers

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‫are getting increasingly rare,

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‫especially because the front-end

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‫is becoming more and more complex these days.

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‫Finally, another thing that I wanted to quickly mention

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‫is that, as you can see, we're gonna use Node

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‫applied to back-end web development

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‫and not something like hardware programming.

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‫So, you can technically use Node for stuff like

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‫flying drones, programming robots,

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‫or developing software for IFT devices.

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‫But, that is outside the scope of this course.

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‫If you want to program IFT devices with Node,

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‫well this course is still going to be useful for you,

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‫it's just not the focus of the projects

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‫that we are gonna build, okay?

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‫All right and I guess that summarizes the difference

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‫between the front-end side and the back-end side

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‫of web development, so that going forward,

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‫you have a good idea of the domains

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‫where NodeDS is actually used in the real world.