WEBVTT 00:00.270 --> 00:05.260 So in this next series of lessons, I want us to focus on several different principles of animation. 00:05.730 --> 00:11.250 The first one is going to be follow through and follow through is important because it gives a little 00:11.250 --> 00:13.940 more life and believability to our animations. 00:14.430 --> 00:19.610 You can think about follow through in terms of what is following the leader. 00:20.010 --> 00:27.480 So if we have this robot rig and we're animating this from right to left and eventually it's going to 00:27.480 --> 00:35.430 pick up this box, but if it's going from right to left, let's just start over here on frame 10 and 00:35.790 --> 00:41.460 we will hit a key here and then we'll go forward in time. 00:42.580 --> 00:43.210 And. 00:44.760 --> 00:53.850 Please sit over the box approximately where it will be, and it's very rigid, this tale basically is 00:53.850 --> 00:55.740 not affected by this animation yet. 00:56.190 --> 01:01.110 So if we bring down the timeline, so it'll loop back a little quicker. 01:01.620 --> 01:03.180 So it moves pretty quickly right now. 01:03.180 --> 01:05.220 But we can tell that it's very stiff. 01:05.520 --> 01:11.440 You know, there's no animation yet on the tail and follow through would help loosen this up. 01:11.820 --> 01:17.790 I wanted to take one second to pause the lesson, to correct myself and also clarify some of the terms 01:17.790 --> 01:20.480 I'm using when I'm talking about follow through. 01:20.760 --> 01:24.400 That's actually the action that happens after the driver has stopped. 01:24.420 --> 01:28.830 So in this case, the driver is this top part of the robot, the ball. 01:29.220 --> 01:33.330 And what's happening at the beginning is actually called drag. 01:33.840 --> 01:35.460 This is dragging behind. 01:36.030 --> 01:36.530 Right. 01:36.540 --> 01:45.900 And then as the drag continues and the ball stops, the follow through means that this object, the 01:45.910 --> 01:52.400 secondary motion, which is another term secondary motion, this follows through. 01:52.510 --> 01:58.050 OK, so the secondary motion is really anything that happens kind of outside of the main driver. 01:58.260 --> 02:01.470 So this is secondary motion that drags. 02:02.490 --> 02:06.570 And when the main robot stops, we have follow through. 02:06.600 --> 02:12.660 OK, this part specifically just this part is follow through after the main robot stops. 02:13.140 --> 02:14.130 That's follow through. 02:14.160 --> 02:15.510 That's what I want to correct here. 02:15.780 --> 02:21.090 As I'm discussing the topics, it can be a little confusing, the difference between overlapping action, 02:21.750 --> 02:26.840 which this can also be considered overlapping action because it happens while something else is happening. 02:26.850 --> 02:28.140 This is kind of coming to a stop. 02:29.460 --> 02:37.890 But basically we have drag we have follow through here and we have overlapping action down the chain, 02:37.890 --> 02:39.780 really can be considered overlapping action. 02:39.780 --> 02:42.450 There's rotations happening on different frames. 02:42.450 --> 02:48.240 But I mean, what we call these things definitely makes it sound a little more educated. 02:48.600 --> 02:55.230 But the reality is, if you understand the physics and why things are moving the way they are, you 02:55.230 --> 02:57.510 can call them whatever you want to as far as I'm concerned. 02:58.230 --> 03:04.050 But for someone who's super stickler on having the very correct terms, this is actually drag. 03:04.050 --> 03:05.850 What we're going to do first is called drag. 03:06.740 --> 03:08.670 Follow through is what's going to happen afterward. 03:08.670 --> 03:10.650 All this stuff, it's going to follow through. 03:10.860 --> 03:11.910 OK, thanks for watching. 03:11.910 --> 03:15.480 And let's pick back up at the lesson so it moves pretty quickly right now. 03:15.480 --> 03:23.400 But we can tell that it's very stiff and follow through would help loosen this up so we can use these 03:23.400 --> 03:30.150 other controls here to help add follow through and so we can see what that means here in a second. 03:30.360 --> 03:34.140 So I'm going to shift click the top one in so I can see where the animation is starting. 03:34.460 --> 03:38.280 And I hit a key on everything and then I'm going to hit a key at the end. 03:38.430 --> 03:42.360 So it's still the same thing and actually want to grab the bottom one as well. 03:42.360 --> 03:44.700 Just so we add all of that in there. 03:45.420 --> 03:47.580 And there's several different ways that follow through. 03:48.000 --> 03:55.950 The most preferred way is that we would set a key on everything and add offsets in as we want them going 03:55.950 --> 03:56.460 forward. 03:56.910 --> 04:01.650 But there's also another way that you can animate everything together and then add offsets later in 04:01.650 --> 04:02.430 the graph editor. 04:02.970 --> 04:05.910 So let's let's think about what we need to do. 04:05.940 --> 04:10.710 This thing is moving forward and we want this to drag backward. 04:10.710 --> 04:16.980 We want to follow it through from the animation up here down to the bottom of the tail. 04:17.340 --> 04:22.830 So let's just select all of the bottom tail pieces and then let's go about halfway, which is going 04:22.830 --> 04:26.790 to be frame twenty because we have twenty frames of animation here from 10 to 30. 04:26.790 --> 04:28.200 So halfway is twenty. 04:28.650 --> 04:32.880 So we'll just take all of this and when everything is selected, we'll just rotate it to the right here. 04:33.570 --> 04:39.360 And now we can see that this actually has some kind of loosening of the animation. 04:39.360 --> 04:47.220 It feels like this is actually being dragged by the ball and it's a separate piece and all of these 04:47.220 --> 04:49.620 hinges are working and there's weight to the bottom. 04:49.860 --> 04:51.810 So it makes it feel like there's some life to this. 04:52.170 --> 04:58.530 Now, the only thing is obviously this is all crashing through the box here and it comes to a pretty 04:58.560 --> 05:00.780 hard stop when we get to the box. 05:01.200 --> 05:02.220 So let's fix that. 05:02.640 --> 05:12.150 Let's bring up the main control and we'll bring it down towards the end so it'll be in this end position. 05:12.150 --> 05:16.470 So I'm just going to move forward a little bit, a frame 40 and hit another key. 05:17.130 --> 05:19.050 And I'm going to move this up here. 05:23.040 --> 05:27.420 And now that I've moved this up, we could leave it this way so that it travels upward and then down, 05:27.750 --> 05:34.590 or if we want it to start from the same height, we could go to the graph editor and see that different 05:34.590 --> 05:38.400 height and the graph editor by going to Windows animation graph editor. 05:38.880 --> 05:44.720 And now we can see that there is a height difference and we know translate why is height? 05:44.730 --> 05:50.340 If we look over here, that's vertical and if we look at the manipulator of the control, we can also 05:50.340 --> 05:55.580 tell that it is why it's yellow right now, because we most recently used it. 05:55.590 --> 05:57.930 So if we click this box in the middle, it'll deselect that. 05:57.960 --> 05:59.090 So now we can see it's green. 05:59.520 --> 06:01.850 So that correlates the green curve over here. 06:02.160 --> 06:06.420 So we know this is the key frame that we're currently seeing here in the viewport. 06:06.810 --> 06:13.440 And if I drag this over so we can see the effect it's going to have, I can hold down shift in middle 06:13.440 --> 06:14.460 mouse, drag this up. 06:15.610 --> 06:21.970 And it'll kind of snap to that height so we can just kind of eyeball it and that'll be fine. 06:22.000 --> 06:28.080 We could also like this copy the value command, see select the key we're currently on in Command V, 06:28.120 --> 06:29.740 and it's already the same value. 06:29.760 --> 06:30.550 So that works. 06:31.420 --> 06:37.150 So it starts at that height and then it travels over and then it goes down. 06:38.600 --> 06:47.090 So what we need to do is add some rotation to the tail, and that's really what follow through is all 06:47.090 --> 06:50.030 about, is adding this type of believability. 06:50.480 --> 06:55.970 And we want it to kind of finish up around frame 40, maybe just for now for the start. 06:56.540 --> 07:03.470 And we know that if this thing is traveling, that the end position here, it's always trying to follow. 07:03.470 --> 07:03.710 Right. 07:03.710 --> 07:05.420 It's always trailing behind. 07:05.430 --> 07:09.130 So it's not going to stop at the exact same frame as this one. 07:09.350 --> 07:14.660 So we can keep this rotation back so that it's still being dragged. 07:15.170 --> 07:20.990 And then when it reaches the slowing down point, it can swing forward. 07:21.000 --> 07:29.150 So let's get to maybe this position and swing it forward and see if that helps so we can see that doesn't 07:30.200 --> 07:32.790 look as believable as the start here. 07:33.050 --> 07:38.750 So you want to, you know, take a cue from the curves in our graph, Ed, we could continue to eyeball 07:38.750 --> 07:42.980 this and move these keys around, hitting shift, click on the timeline and moving this around. 07:43.400 --> 07:45.470 But let's take a cue from the graph editor. 07:45.470 --> 07:50.420 I'll go to Windows animation graph editors and let's take a look at the rotation curves. 07:50.420 --> 07:57.650 Currently, we're only animating the rotation and we can see that, you know, this steepness of this 07:57.650 --> 08:01.910 curve is much steeper than this curve. 08:02.300 --> 08:08.980 And we liked how this follow through was following the motion here, the house dragging behind. 08:09.440 --> 08:14.150 So we want a similar type of a slope here that we're seeing on this side. 08:14.150 --> 08:16.010 We want to be reflected on this side. 08:16.490 --> 08:23.120 So we could do is select all of the keys and just drag it back until we kind of get something that's 08:23.120 --> 08:25.550 closer to this type of a slope. 08:26.030 --> 08:33.010 So we know the speed of it going forward is going to mimic that speed we have when it started. 08:33.470 --> 08:38.750 So it's already looking a lot better, but it's it's still a little late. 08:39.050 --> 08:45.350 So what we can do is, instead of choosing it from the graph here like we've done, and shift middle 08:45.350 --> 08:50.870 mouse tracking it over, we can shift click it in the timeline just as well and move it over as well. 08:50.870 --> 08:53.030 And we can see the graph ed update as well. 08:53.840 --> 08:55.250 Let's just move that over. 08:55.850 --> 09:02.930 And now we can see that this is starting to look a little more believable as this goes over. 09:03.320 --> 09:07.940 And let's give this some more time before it goes down, because now we can see that the swinging is 09:07.940 --> 09:11.010 crashing into the box before we're ready for it to go down. 09:11.600 --> 09:18.800 So likewise, we can just move the the translate y and we can isolate that by clicking it and we can 09:18.800 --> 09:20.090 move it forward in the timeline. 09:20.720 --> 09:22.520 Let's just go to frame 40. 09:22.520 --> 09:25.430 So it is right there. 09:26.030 --> 09:30.400 And now we can see that it goes to frame 50 at the end when it is going down. 09:31.790 --> 09:32.200 Cool. 09:32.870 --> 09:38.660 So now we have this kind of motion that looks, you know, a lot more believable that this has some 09:38.660 --> 09:44.630 weight to it now when this stops and the tail continues. 09:46.040 --> 09:51.740 It needs to resolve this, this this swing, this follow through, right, that we're learning about, 09:52.160 --> 09:58.070 and we want it to continue that motion until it's resolved and being straight up and down. 09:58.580 --> 10:00.860 So we might need more than 10 frames to do that in. 10:00.860 --> 10:05.420 But for now, let's just take a look and see before we move the translate. 10:05.420 --> 10:14.840 Why much further, let's select all of the bottom controls and then we can go forward in time and kind 10:14.840 --> 10:17.600 of see how many frames we gave. 10:17.600 --> 10:23.360 This one here, we can count them holding down AWALT and less than symbol. 10:23.690 --> 10:26.620 One, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine. 10:27.140 --> 10:28.330 So it's nine frames. 10:28.340 --> 10:33.110 I'm just going to hit the greater than symbol and I'll jump to the next frame and then I can say, one, 10:33.110 --> 10:34.740 two, three, four, five, six. 10:34.790 --> 10:38.710 So there's a three frame difference so we can move these three frames forward. 10:38.720 --> 10:41.870 So these are equidistant, key frames apart. 10:42.440 --> 10:49.220 And we can also take a cue from the graph editor again, that, you know, look at these look at this 10:49.220 --> 10:49.700 value. 10:49.700 --> 10:57.320 We have something that's approximately, you know, 15 and rotation and this goes past 15. 10:57.980 --> 11:05.630 Well, if you think about the bouncing ball example where as the ball bounces, it will gradually decrease 11:05.630 --> 11:06.230 the energy. 11:06.620 --> 11:11.480 And we need to consider that as well when we're talking about follow through that this follow through 11:11.480 --> 11:16.700 that we're getting on this side, I'm just going to hold down K and click on the graph editor so we 11:16.700 --> 11:17.570 can scrub in here. 11:18.350 --> 11:24.860 This can be also considered like a bounce, but it's more of a follow through of the swing and this 11:24.860 --> 11:32.930 value that goes down here to past negative 15, it shouldn't really pass this amount unless it stops 11:32.930 --> 11:33.610 really hard. 11:34.010 --> 11:40.190 So just take into consideration, you know, the slope that you've already established here, because 11:40.190 --> 11:45.650 these are the kind of physics you're setting up, rules for how things move as you animate and you just 11:45.650 --> 11:46.670 want to stay consistent. 11:47.060 --> 11:52.240 So I'm just going to drag this below negative 15 because I don't think it would go past where you have 11:52.340 --> 11:55.490 the extreme point that we already created up here. 11:55.910 --> 12:02.900 So I want to drag this down so it feels like it's losing motion a little bit. 12:02.900 --> 12:03.860 It's losing energy. 12:04.370 --> 12:09.830 And then we can drag this up past zero because we know we want zero to be much later. 12:09.830 --> 12:14.750 We need to resolve this so we can go past the zero a little bit. 12:15.290 --> 12:17.810 And again, it's kind of like that bounce. 12:17.810 --> 12:23.330 You know, each kind of swing is going to get less and less energy, just like each bounce of the bouncing 12:23.330 --> 12:26.000 ball is going to be lower and lower. 12:26.390 --> 12:33.740 So, you know, again, that bouncing ball example know, we can see carries through to so many other 12:33.740 --> 12:34.700 examples as well. 12:34.730 --> 12:44.180 So let's move forward some key frames here and let's just say maybe negative two here and then let's 12:44.180 --> 12:52.510 go forward a little bit and say maybe point five, let's go forward a little more and say zero. 12:53.570 --> 12:59.750 So now we can kind of see this swinging motion already shown in the value change here might be a little 12:59.750 --> 13:05.540 extreme, how it reduces so much so quickly towards the end. 13:06.110 --> 13:08.630 But let's just take a look. 13:08.780 --> 13:10.520 It's pretty it's pretty good, actually. 13:11.720 --> 13:13.820 Just kind of eyeballing it from the graph editor. 13:13.820 --> 13:16.310 You can kind of see how that all starts to make sense. 13:16.760 --> 13:18.920 Now, this starts to go down too soon again. 13:19.340 --> 13:25.040 So let's just drag this out and let's give ourselves maybe let's like these and see in the end, these 13:25.040 --> 13:25.850 end on 60. 13:25.850 --> 13:28.340 So let's let's have that end on sixty. 13:28.340 --> 13:32.810 So I'll just grab translate why and have that start to go down on sixty. 13:32.810 --> 13:38.690 So I want this keyframe to be there and I'm just shift middle mouse dragging again. 13:39.590 --> 13:45.020 So let's play that back, see this thing resolve a little bit and now go down. 13:45.680 --> 13:49.160 And you know, we're just learning the basics of animation. 13:49.160 --> 13:51.350 So it looks a little robotic and stiff still. 13:51.680 --> 13:53.390 But, you know, this is important. 13:53.780 --> 13:57.350 You want to get down these concepts before you start to add a lot of detail. 13:57.350 --> 14:00.920 So this is very crucial stuff, even though it might seem simple. 14:00.920 --> 14:05.060 You want to dial in these concepts before we get into more complicated things. 14:05.510 --> 14:11.360 So this is a good progression that we've built, that we have gone on to using a rig. 14:11.660 --> 14:16.100 We've added some more principles called follow through. 14:16.430 --> 14:20.480 And in the next lesson, I'm going to show you one more called anticipation. 14:20.810 --> 14:27.800 And then we're going to go into learning how to do constraints so that this robot arm can pick up this 14:27.800 --> 14:28.730 box right now. 14:28.730 --> 14:30.320 If it moved it around, they're not connected. 14:30.650 --> 14:35.360 So we want to go from the state of it not being connected together to being connected together and have 14:35.360 --> 14:39.410 this continue traveling and picking this up and doing whatever you want it to do. 14:40.100 --> 14:42.110 So the next lesson, we'll continue this animation. 14:42.110 --> 14:42.800 Thanks for watching.