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Functions are blocks of code which realize a particular task.

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So we want to have a particular task, the task a done.

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To define the function.

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We use a keyword def, so we have def, we have the name of the function on the name of the task, and

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then we have the arguments that is values which we pass into the function on which may modify the functions

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output.

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We have the two dots and then we have return.

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So we return whatever value.

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So yeah, we have arguments and now yeah, we have outputs.

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Now let us define a function which gives the sum and product of two integers.

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So we have int one and into which are parsed as arguments.

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And then here we simply return.

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Ain't one times.

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Ain't too.

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Karma.

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Ain't one plus ain't too.

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We run this, and now we can call this function.

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So we could have.

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Some come a product now, some is a keyword.

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So we're going to have some one comma product.

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Product one which is equals some product of two integers, a two and three.

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We print out some one and product one, one, and this we have an arrow or two that this is not defined.

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Now, let's look at this.

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That was because actually I wouldn't put this.

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Plus, we were on this.

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Now we have six and five.

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We see that, yeah, we have the product and yet we instead have the sum.

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And that's because while returning here, we put this as product and these are some so let's reverse

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this and we should be having five six.

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That tells us that the sum of this two numbers is five and their product is six.

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So that's what this function actually does.

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We could actually rewrite this by saying the sum sum of numbers equals say in one plus means two would

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also have product.

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Product of numbers.

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Equals and one times ain't too.

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Then here I was in the return put out of numbers.

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And here we have some of numbers.

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Some.

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Of numbers.

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So we should have the same results.

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Now, what if we make a call to this function while our main one of this of you on me, one of this

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should have this error message saying that there is one missing positional argument, and that is because

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this two arguments must be given when making a call.

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So could change changes to see 80.

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We have that.

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Now let's see how to define the four arguments so we have a default argument.

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Yeah.

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So 23.

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And in this case we could put out to see what we have.

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We see that.

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Yeah.

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We didn't actually put in this second argument, this case.

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Like now we've put this is given as the sum of the product, which is four or four.

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But in the case where we don't put this so we put just 20 like this, you see that what you actually

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have is the sum of 20 and 23 and a put out of 20 and 23.

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And that's because this is a default argument.

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And with default arguments you must pass in the argument when you're making a call to the function.

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Now, if you have the default argument and you have another argument, let's say in three run in this

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you see that you already have an error as a non default argument cannot come after a default argument.

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So you should have this, you should have the entry coming before.

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So you have you in three now run.

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This is fine, but running this has a problem because there is this non default argument in three which

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hasn't been defined or which hasn't been passed into the function when making the call.

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So we have to actually add that although in this case this entry isn't doing any much work, now let's

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define another function.

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So we have def, we have print time.

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Oh, that's a print name.

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We have this function print name which takes in a name and age of a person.

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So we have this age.

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So let's take a default argument.

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C 70 that's it.

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We have return.

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Now if you are returning any value, you could simply put return non.

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So with this one in this we have no problem and then you can make a call to this function.

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So you could say print print name of.

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That's considered a name to be Joseph.

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And that's all you mustn't put to each mate.

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If you have to put his age, you could select an age.

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See?

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23.

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You see that?

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Yeah.

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You have this known.

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Now, let's modify this as this is meant to be an end.

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So run this again.

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Yeah, we have none.

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Now, we could also return this string which is made up of this too.

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So you can have a string made of name plus string of the H.

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So what we're doing is we're converting this H into a string.

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So with this you would have name or you could have a string before this name could have.

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My name is this.

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On the plus.

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And then you have I am of age this, then you have this plus two.

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So actually just concatenated in this different strings.

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We have this four string.

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You have this next string.

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You have this next string.

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And you have the string.

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So we have this end which has been converted into a string.

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Now we should note that you could actually convert it into a string.

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C e equals six.

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You could have print string of E and you have this as a string.

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You could also convert this string or you could convert a string say B equals seven and 20 int Yeah,

104
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because a C equals the end of B plus three and you could print out C.

105
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So we see that, yeah, you have ten does because this has been converted into an integer.

106
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Now coming back to this example, printing this out, we have my name is Joseph and I am of a 23.

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So let's modify this again.

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You could have my name is after this put is space and there we go.

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So that is it.

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Now suppose we have a variable which adds up your h internally.

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So you have this variable other which is equals 40.

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So there you have another plus h.

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So yeah, you're going to have.

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My name is Joseph and I am of age 63.

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So yeah, your age has been added automatically.

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Let's try doing this without the string.

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Find out you have an arrow because you I didn't of a string to an integer.

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So yeah, we have this and that is it.

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Now let's decide to create a variable out of this function.

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This variable is also called other.

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So we have our variable, which is 80, and we run this.

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We'll see that actually in this function, the arrow we're considering is this other.

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So if you have this if you combine this, you actually have this arrow which was defined out of the

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function used.

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So this is a global variable and this is a local variable, local in the sense that is used only within

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this function.

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So if you create the function, you try to use this function, I try to use this variable.

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You wouldn't get access to this variable, the square unknown function simply.

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So we have print.

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That are all we have.

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My name is this HD, so we could maintain the same output.

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Now we're trying to use other.

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Let's take away this other and let's run this.

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So let's create this other year, which is this local variable.

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And we'll try to use out of this.

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We.

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For now, there is no problem.

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But I want to try to change this to print data now.

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So make a call to this function.

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We have this always seems to be working, but that's not right.

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Let's restart our channel.

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We start in the channel should be able to get an area.

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And that's because the way this Jupyter Notebook works is that once you had declared a variable, either

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initial here and put a number to 80, this variable remains even when you remove it like this.

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So we start and we'll make us be sure that we don't have that variable in memory again.

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So let's run this and we'll see that we actually have an error, which is what is expected, because

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this is not defined.

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This is defined in this function, but not in this.

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So this is a local variable.

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Now we can define a global variable 80 and you see that now it works.

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So that's how we proceeded with this local and global variables.

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Let's now look at functions and wait the number of arguments we could parses variable all like those

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functions we've seen so far.

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And with the number of arguments and no.

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So let's take in this function the laptop characteristics.

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And what this function works is it gets the name of the laptop gets as is a memory, it is the memory

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and then the ram then simply prints out those characteristics.

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So.

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Right, yeah.

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We could have laptop characteristics.

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We have the name, the Mac.

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Pro.

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We pass the SSD memory so hard to take it.

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It is the code for ram it.

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So we run that and then we go.

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We have the name, but as is the memory, it is a memory.

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And then the ram side.

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For now, our function has a fixed number of parameters.

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Now let's suppose that we want to pass in this.

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I want to give this where we have a GPO memory of C for gigabytes.

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So we run that.

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You see already that this takes four positional arguments that five were given.

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So we have this error which is normal.

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Now, if we do this, if we say your memory or on that C, that works fine.

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Just have to come here and include this in the memory.

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So you will have.

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Oh, they dedicated.

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GP you.

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Then we have the GP.

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You write?

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Yeah.

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Keep your memory.

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From that.

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All those GP.

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So.

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So that's.

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There we go.

188
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So that's what we we get from that.

189
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But it turns out that not all laptops were even possessed.

190
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This that it cannot keep your memory and even some will not possess, as is the memory.

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00:12:16,770 --> 00:12:23,880
And so instead of having to separately define another laptop characteristic method in which for the

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first we could consider all this, for the second we will see, for example, that the case where we

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don't have the S is a memory.

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We have this.

195
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So yes, it will do.

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I defined this without S as D and then so the one will define it without.

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As is the.

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And you.

199
00:12:47,300 --> 00:12:51,380
To take this vehicle you off with the SS the off.

200
00:12:52,160 --> 00:12:55,940
And then what I want to see would be fine without.

201
00:12:57,570 --> 00:12:58,610
Just the GPO.

202
00:12:59,520 --> 00:13:03,060
So we'll have the SSD and we'll take the step of.

203
00:13:03,330 --> 00:13:10,800
So you see that we could we cannot continue working like this as this not only is efficient but is also

204
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not scalable.

205
00:13:12,150 --> 00:13:19,710
So we'll simply take this off and then we'll work with methods which have variable number of parameters.

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00:13:20,040 --> 00:13:24,690
So in that case, instead of having all of those parameters low, simply do is would have.

207
00:13:26,210 --> 00:13:30,860
As Tariq added before a sudden parents say arguments.

208
00:13:31,250 --> 00:13:32,540
So let's take this off now.

209
00:13:33,800 --> 00:13:37,490
And then let's print out let's find out what we get from arguments.

210
00:13:38,270 --> 00:13:39,200
So you run that.

211
00:13:39,560 --> 00:13:45,350
You see clearly that this argument right here collects all while we passed.

212
00:13:46,040 --> 00:13:51,740
And so if we don't have the the rum, if we take this off, if we don't have the GP, you take that

213
00:13:51,740 --> 00:13:52,040
off.

214
00:13:52,550 --> 00:13:54,590
You see that this still works.

215
00:13:54,980 --> 00:13:57,320
Like, let's take this print out from now.

216
00:13:57,800 --> 00:14:06,080
So you see that this works as this argument somehow gathers all this information and stores it in this

217
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variable.

218
00:14:08,290 --> 00:14:09,030
So you run that.

219
00:14:09,040 --> 00:14:09,640
That's fine.

220
00:14:10,810 --> 00:14:16,210
And so now, instead of reading all this arcs, all right, instead of print out this virus, print

221
00:14:16,210 --> 00:14:22,570
it out before we just have a follow up with the fall in arts, we're going to print out.

222
00:14:23,710 --> 00:14:26,370
A So let's run that and there we go.

223
00:14:26,380 --> 00:14:32,740
We have the name we have as is the size we have, which is the size, and then we have the round size.

224
00:14:33,220 --> 00:14:39,190
So if we get back to where we have the dip of memory, you see, that comes up automatically if we want

225
00:14:39,190 --> 00:14:46,960
to add some of the parameter like the color so we could have the black on that, everything works fine

226
00:14:46,960 --> 00:14:49,930
if we take all this off some so works fine.

227
00:14:50,560 --> 00:14:51,820
As you may have noticed.

228
00:14:52,120 --> 00:14:59,680
We use a pass in this name or we just pass it in this arguments without specifying exactly what the

229
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signify.

230
00:15:02,020 --> 00:15:04,630
And that is why when we did this print, right.

231
00:15:04,630 --> 00:15:05,080
Yeah.

232
00:15:05,080 --> 00:15:11,640
Even after put in let's say 256 when we did the print, we just have this value has been printed out,

233
00:15:11,650 --> 00:15:14,440
but we don't know exactly what to signify.

234
00:15:15,010 --> 00:15:19,630
And so to solve this, we could simply have the as is the memory.

235
00:15:20,710 --> 00:15:21,220
Yeah.

236
00:15:21,490 --> 00:15:25,870
So we have to define that as has the memory keyword.

237
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Then we go to the it is the memory.

238
00:15:30,910 --> 00:15:31,840
So we have that.

239
00:15:31,840 --> 00:15:33,010
It is the memory.

240
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So 24 and that's fine.

241
00:15:35,500 --> 00:15:38,270
So now let's run this again and you have this error.

242
00:15:38,950 --> 00:15:46,120
Now, the reason why you have this arrow is because once you have this arguments which are passed with

243
00:15:46,120 --> 00:15:53,020
this keywords, then you need to specify the keyword argument with double asterisk before.

244
00:15:53,020 --> 00:15:57,100
So yeah, we have the arguments and then we have the keyword arguments.

245
00:15:57,550 --> 00:16:02,230
Now, before doing anything here, let's, let's take this off and then let's print out what we have

246
00:16:02,230 --> 00:16:02,530
here.

247
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So we'll print out the arguments and then we show up in all the keyword arguments.

248
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You shall see that this will come up with arguments, and then this keywords will have all in this keyword

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arguments right here.

250
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So let's run that.

251
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And there we go.

252
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We have the arguments.

253
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That's my pro and then the keyword arguments, as is the memory.

254
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It is the memory.

255
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Notice how this comes in as a dictionary.

256
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And if we just change this, we have a name here.

257
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You see, now this argument's empty while the keyword arguments, it's made up name as is the memory

258
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and the H is the memory.

259
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And still, just as before, we could always add to RAM.

260
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So we have eight for example, on that.

261
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And there we go.

262
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We have the name, we have the as is the memory, which is the memory and then the ram.

263
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So what now we could do is we could simply print this out.

264
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So the name is C arguments zero and then let's have that and then we print out so the back will print

265
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out.

266
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Oh, that's let's actually use a follow up.

267
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So we have for the key in keyword arguments, we're going to print out the key and the keyword arguments

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key.

269
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So we're going to bring out a key and then the value.

270
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So let's have that take off around that.

271
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And there we go.

272
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So here we have the name is this as is the memory.

273
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This is the memory that and then the ram that.

274
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But now the a big difference that we don't need to specify or we don't need a fixed number of parameters.

275
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We have a laptop which doesn't even have its memory.

276
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We're on that and it works and so we can read arguments and keyword arguments makes us work more flexibly.

277
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Another thing we could do is we could simply have something like say Param.

278
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So we don't necessarily need to have that.

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We will say keyword params or it's a key word params, and that's it.

280
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Now just to keep our answer, actually, so we have key params and then params.

281
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So it's going to work the same way.

282
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So it doesn't it doesn't matter how you name that, but generally we name it arts and then the keyword

283
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act.

284
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So we could also have params and key white params.

285
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So keep our arms.

286
00:18:35,700 --> 00:18:36,100
Yeah.

287
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Params.

288
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The parents see works still fine.