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In this section, we shall introduce a Python programming language and then we will start with variable

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types and basic operators for the variable types and the python programming language.

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We have numbers, strings, lists, tuples and dictionaries, and for the basic operators we have arithmetic

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operators like plus negative divided by modulo floor exponential.

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And for the comparison operators, we have this assignment operators this, membership operators this

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and I don't know the operation operators this.

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So let's get started.

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Let's consider this variables which are created in Python.

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We don't need to explicitly give the type of variable we are creating and many other programming languages.

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You may have to see, for example, and the variable name.

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Equals C six.

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And if you take this variable name to B equals a string later on.

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It's not going to work.

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Now in Python.

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This is not necessary.

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All you need to do is just give it a variable name.

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So in this case, we have the variable name equals six.

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We can have a variable save our two equals this string.

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We can have another variable var three equals.

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See this list?

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We could have this list.

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And we could have on a variable save our for which is a dictionary so we could have this we're going

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to have.

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One.

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We'll give you one.

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We have yet to.

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And so no matter what we assign to a variable, the variable automatically gets its type from what is

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assigned to.

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And then just like any other programming language, we will pin our data to the user.

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So yeah, for example, we could bring out variable name.

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So we have variable name.

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And there we go.

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So we print out this variable name and it and variable name equals six pin out actually six.

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Now the other ways to format in this print function, you could put a message before the variable name

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so you could have here the name of this variable.

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You can see the content.

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Of this variable is equals this.

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So this message is in this double quotes.

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And then we have a comma followed by the variable name.

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And once we do this, we're going to have this message, which is this.

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So we have this bag which is coming from this.

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String here, and then the variable name follows.

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And since the values start in this variable, variable name is actually equal, six six is printed out.

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Now there are also ways of formatting this.

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You could have, for example, the content ease and you could do this.

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So you have this curly braces and then here you have that format instead of this comma, you could put

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that format.

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So we have the format variable name.

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So we could have the content is of this variable.

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Now let's take this away.

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Let's take this is and now you find that this is going to be replaced with this variable name.

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So there we go.

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The content is six of this variable.

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So because we put this curly braces and yeah, we put this format, that format, we have the variable

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name in and that follows.

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So we could always do this, we could have this other curly braces and then we just make sure we put

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it in this order.

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So yeah, for example, we could put var two and there we go.

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So the content is six comma string of this variable.

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All of this variables.

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So that it could also continue, but in this is making sure we keep the order.

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So yeah we have for example viral for so we have the content is six string and this of this variables.

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So that's actually how we format the sprint.

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And the sprint is very helpful as it not only helps us see this data, but is very helpful to in debugging

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your functions, whatever program you're writing.

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Now let's come back and look in more detail on this numbers.

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We're going to look at the end and the float as these are the two most common type of numbers which

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are all working within this course.

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What could declare an end like see number equals five and we have number C one.

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Let's take this a bit to a yeah, we have number one equals five.

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This number equals 8.0.

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Now, once you have this, you automatically seeing that this variable that the of itself type float.

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And once you have this, you're automatically saying this variable is of that int.

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So this is an integer and this is a float.

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It could also have a long and a complex number, but we shall work with this on this now.

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So bringing this out, we have print.

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The number one is this and the number?

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So is that.

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So for mine in this, we have number one and number two.

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So there we go.

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The number one is five and the number two is 8.0.

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Then the second variable that we should have a working on is the string for strings.

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It also tries to define it with this double quits.

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So while as we have this, we could see our string.

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Could see our string.

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Is this in the double quotes?

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And there we go.

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Now we thought, okay, yeah.

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We're supposed to give this the equal sign.

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So reloaded.

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And we have this Oracle print out string.

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So we have the string.

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And now what if we're interested in just getting this first element?

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Finding this first element?

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We have to know that in the pattern programming language, just like many other languages, we start

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having this index from zero instead of one.

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So if we're looking for the first element, we're going to have to select the index zero.

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And to select this index, we have to use the square brackets.

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So we have a string of zero which gives us this.

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Oh.

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Now, if you are looking for this element of this, dear, we could count zero one, two, three.

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The space is also a character, so we have zero one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight,

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nine, ten, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, nine, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26.

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So we place this between the six and we have the.

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And that's exactly what we do to get whatever character we have in the string.

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Now, if you're interested in getting the portion of a string C interesting.

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Get in this position from this.

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Oh, to say this, you would have to use this notation.

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So yeah, since this is zero one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine.

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So we'll start from the zero index to the ninth index.

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So what we do is we have zero we have this column and then we have ten.

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So since we're moving from zero to the ninth index, we go from zero right up to ten.

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Now, actually, what happens in Python is if you wanted to go from zero to N, so if you want to go

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from zero to C and you have to index from zero to end plus one.

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So here you're going to have the string output it, but it's going to go from zero right up to ten minus

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one.

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I You could consider it like this.

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If this is confusing, you could say if you want to go from zero to n minus one, you index from zero

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to end.

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So that index and this way you show that you're going to have all the elements from zero to n minus

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one.

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Now index and like this, you're going to have all the elements from 0 to 9.

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So in this case, we're going to print.

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String zero string one string two string theory string forcing five.

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String six string seven.

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String eight, answering nine.

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So let's bring this out and see for ourselves.

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So exactly what we expected.

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Now we have this our string up to this not as furious because this may be because of this piece or less

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furiously could be reassured that what we have here is going to come 0 to 9 and then we go, we have

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this position and now we've add one element we have from 0 to 10.

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So let's maintain this.

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Now, if you're interested in getting all the elements before then you could just do this and you have

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this if you are interested in getting all that.

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I mean, before C 15 or 18, you could have this.

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So no need to give the initial index.

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Now let's say we want to get from the ninth index to the 18 minus warmth index.

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You're going to have nine now, unlike this and an index because we have this starting index, which

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is in this case, a zero.

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We have that index and we have an index.

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Generally we are taking these elements from that index.

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Who?

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An index.

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Minus one.

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Now, unlike the an index where we go up to any index minus one, the state index actually starts in

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whatever index we give it.

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So in this case, we're going to start with nine and end at 17.

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So let's take something easier for us to count.

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Now we'll say we start from 2 to 7.

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So in this case, we're going to start from the second index right up to this index.

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So let's do this before testing.

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So we have 012.

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We're going to start from here.

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So we're going to have two, three, four, five, six, because we have an seven minus one.

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So we have this are up to this.

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So this is what we're to bring out.

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So let's run this.

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And that's exactly what we get.

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Now, if you want to print out to the end, suffices to do this.

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Once you do this, you start from the second index right up to the end.

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And there we go.

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You could always find a line of the string so you could print out the line of the string.

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So we have yet dedicated to tell us that this string has 38 different characters.

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The string, too, has other functions.

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That is other simple matters.

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You could call like we have string that lower, for example.

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Doing this.

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You have this local string, that opera.

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You're going to send everything to uppercase.

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So everything you're saying to uppercase.

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Let's say we had this cure so we could better understand what we're saying.

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This is a lower phonetic that occurs then to a small Q So everything's ten to lowercase, and that's

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exactly what we wanted.

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Now let's move to the next variable type.

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We're going to work with the very versatile list for list.

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For example, we're going to have list one equals C one, two, four.

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Now lists are very important, only jojoba, particularly because they can be used to model a matrix.

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Let's first start by taking the simple metrics of the simple list, which comes in as a vector.

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But then let's bring this out, let's see what we get.

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So we have list one, which is this If you interested in getting just a first element, you can have

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list zero.

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We have that, we have this and then we have that.

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Now notice that when we print three, what we have is lists in this out of range.

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And that's because this list can only take three different elements.

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I want to print this.

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We're looking for an element which is not found in this list, and that is because the list has a set,

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a number of elements it could contain, but then it lists initially having a set, a number of could

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contain doesn't mean it to contain many other elements.

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And that's why lists are very useful because they can actually change form.

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They are very, very, very versatile.

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So we could have, for example, list one that append C an element four or an element eight.

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Now you see now that this list three exists, lists are not only made of numbers, we could also have

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list made of string.

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So we have list string.

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The string equals this we have eight.

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For example, we could put this string string in list.

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We have some white stuff and there we go.

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So let's print out this string and see what we get.

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We have Listerine.

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And that's exactly what we get.

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So we find out this list and dig in whatever kind of data type we're going to have to string that up

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and see, Hey, Lou, I'm printing this.

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We find a halo has been added onto the list.

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Now, just like with the strings, you could always have some particular elements of the list selected.

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So it could take from zero to say, for example, to you're going to take the zeroth and the first index.

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And that's because we're going from that index to an index minus one.

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So in this case, we have this we'll see that we have the zero on the first element selected.

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So we have eight and this selected.

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Now let's take this three.

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For example, we have the zero to the second element selected.

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We have it this and this does exactly what we wanted.

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Noting that at this point the string.

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Is actually this.

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So there we go.

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Now, if you want to get all the elements from a certain index to the end, you simply have to, for

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example, in this to print this out, we have the elements from the second index to the end.

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So we have 012 from this right up to the end.

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Can always get the len of this list.

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Does it get a number of elements composed in the list?

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So we have Prince line.

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String.

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Daisy We have four different elements, and that's because a string of metaphor for different elements.

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We also initialize and to least as such, we could have a name to list and to list.

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Equals this.

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So we just need to put in square brackets.

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And there we go.

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We have this empty list printed out.

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Empty list.

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So that's it.

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And also, there are other ways of initializing the list.

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We could have matrix lists or vector lists.

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Vector, at least where we initialize it with all zeros, we could have zero times number of elements.

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I'm going to have dimension of vector.

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Dimension of.

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Vector.

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Where we could said dimensional vector.

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We equal c six and doing this we could print out.

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This is vector list equals this.

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And doing this we could print out.

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Vector at least.

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Now we see that this actually gives us just this list with one element zero.

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And that is because we've done this wrongly now and correcting that, we have this put outside simply.

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So we have this look at this and we're busier.

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So doing this now, we actually have the vector initialized with all zeros.

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And since this list can be changed, you can have a vector at least vector at least say zero to B equals

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nine.

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And you could print out vector list.

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We find that this has become nine.

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Now let's see how to initialize a list to a metrics we have number of Cullen's C equals four number

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of rows to be equals three and we can have this metrics list.

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Equals zero times.

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We have the number of columns.

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And then we have all this and this box.

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Times the number of rows.

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Now, let's look at this again.

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We found that in order for us to have this, that is we had this list initialized to six different elements

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with all being zeros.

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We needed to put this in the square brackets and multiply with set in constants is 6000 and variable

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six.

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Now, in this case, what we're doing here is what they can all consider in all of this to be that zero.

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And we're multiplying by this number of rows.

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So let's do this.

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And we have the print matrix.

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These.

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So while we up tenure, is this list made of these three rules?

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So we have this first rule made of the zero.

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There's zero and this other one zero and the number of rules equals three.

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Now, let's replaces zeros with what we had initially.

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So instead of this zero, we're going to be having another stuff in here, but with another list replacing

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the zero with another list.

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So as we do this, let's a matrix list.

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And this show equals this.

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So you put a zero times number of rows and then yeah, we have metrics list now which I'll see how this

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other list is going to replace all the zeros.

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Let's print this out.

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Print out.

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Metrics list initial and then print out metrics list.

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So we'll see that this list, made up of four different elements, replaces a zero.

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This other list replaces a zero.

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This other list is zero.

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And this can be seen as some sort of metrics where these are the rules of the metrics.

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So we have this rule one, rule two and three.

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Now a tuple is similar to a list, but the difference is that once it tuple is defined, it cannot be

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changed.

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So if we have this tuple, let's call it tuple.

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One equals this and instead of the square brackets, we have the symbol brackets that we have there.

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One, two, three.

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Print is out.

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Two for one.

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And then we could try to change its values.

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See to pull.

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1110 equals nine.

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Find out we have an error.

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Tip would object dozens of but item assignment so it's actually different from list and this has its

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values can't be changed so that's it.

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We also have dictionaries let's give this dictionary one equals.

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So we have this we look up at the dictionary we had defined earlier.

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We have this year.

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There we go.

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Now, to obtain some elements you could have, will print out a dictionary.

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Dictionary one to obtain the dilemma with one we have this we see clearly that wants to specify that

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we want this element was value is one it gives us a value and once we are in alignment with the values

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to it gives us this value.

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Now if you keep on doing this, you go to three, find out with two that this three doesn't exist.

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So actually, this is some sort of key value pair.

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So these are the keys and these are the values keys and the values that set.

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Let's look at the python operators we have there from operator, the IS operator, assignment operator,

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the membership operator and the identity operators.

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So let's look at arithmetic operators.

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We're going to have a variable E equals five.

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We have B equals seven.

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Would have C equals or would take this at, let's say, adequacy plus B this is subtract.

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Subtract equals E minus b c divide.

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He goes a debate about b.

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C we have.

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Power equals e to the power of b we have modulo which is equals e modulo b so we have m would be we

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have lower divide because we divide it by B and now we could bring all of this.

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So we have bring add.

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Bring subtract.

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Now let's changes of, say, 15.

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So we have been add, bring, subtract.

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Print divide.

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Power.

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Lower divide.

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There we go.

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00:24:56,780 --> 00:25:03,200
So let's get the answers we have for this first case will simply add this two variables 15 and 17,

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and obviously it gives us 22.

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The next we subtract, the next we divide.

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And that's why we have this float.

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The next would take to the power.

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So we have 15 to the power of seven.

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This gives us this number.

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00:25:15,470 --> 00:25:16,880
The next we have the modulo.

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00:25:17,120 --> 00:25:19,760
Now 15 what seven is actually equals one.

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00:25:20,090 --> 00:25:26,380
And that's because 15 divided by seven is equals two.

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Remember one.

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And we know that what a moment is actually what interests us.

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So that's why here we have a one and the lower divide actually collects this.

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00:25:39,080 --> 00:25:44,780
So once we divide this, this is a lower divide, and then this is a more.

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00:25:46,160 --> 00:25:48,200
So that's why here we have one yet to.

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00:25:49,240 --> 00:25:52,460
Now, let's look at the others for a comparison.

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00:25:52,460 --> 00:25:58,100
Operators we shall look at is minded, the one we shall be doing with conditions.

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00:25:58,610 --> 00:26:00,230
Let's look at the assignment operators.

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00:26:01,430 --> 00:26:05,840
For this, you could have c e equals eight.

345
00:26:06,560 --> 00:26:09,350
You have B equals five.

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00:26:09,980 --> 00:26:15,470
And then you wanted to see at C equals C plus E.

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00:26:16,220 --> 00:26:22,030
Now if you have this all elastic B, there's a, B equals B plus E.

348
00:26:23,880 --> 00:26:30,290
Now, if you print b C that you have 30 and that's because A's eight and B is five.

349
00:26:30,950 --> 00:26:34,670
Now, instead of doing this, you could replace this with plus equals.

350
00:26:35,300 --> 00:26:37,040
So doing this gives the same answer.

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00:26:37,430 --> 00:26:39,620
So this plus equals is actually equals.

352
00:26:39,950 --> 00:26:43,280
All this is the same as doing this, this plus this.

353
00:26:43,280 --> 00:26:47,210
So B's equals B plus e is the same as the can this.

354
00:26:47,660 --> 00:26:54,020
So if you want to subtract now, if you want to have B equals itself minus any other variable, you

355
00:26:54,020 --> 00:26:58,220
could simply do this for the multiplication this and for the division that.

356
00:26:59,300 --> 00:26:59,930
So that's it.

357
00:27:02,800 --> 00:27:08,140
Now let's look at the next we have for this other operators.

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00:27:08,140 --> 00:27:09,670
We shall see this one.

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00:27:09,670 --> 00:27:12,610
We should be working with the conditions and the loops.

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00:27:13,510 --> 00:27:16,870
So that's it for this section on variable types and basic operators.