1 00:00:02,340 --> 00:00:03,030 Hello everyone. 2 00:00:03,030 --> 00:00:07,110 So in the last video we discussed overloading the incremental operator. 3 00:00:07,110 --> 00:00:09,650 I hope that is clear in this video. 4 00:00:09,660 --> 00:00:12,270 We will try to overload a few more operators. 5 00:00:12,300 --> 00:00:15,710 Okay so let's start with the plus plus operator. 6 00:00:15,720 --> 00:00:20,470 So let's start with the post increment operator. 7 00:00:20,860 --> 00:00:21,170 Okay. 8 00:00:21,190 --> 00:00:25,650 So in this video we will try to overload post increment operator. 9 00:00:26,020 --> 00:00:26,220 Okay. 10 00:00:26,230 --> 00:00:28,600 So this is a unity operator. 11 00:00:29,020 --> 00:00:29,250 Okay. 12 00:00:29,260 --> 00:00:34,000 So how we will call friction f1 plus plus. 13 00:00:34,000 --> 00:00:34,270 Okay. 14 00:00:34,280 --> 00:00:40,770 Since this is a unity operator so F1 will go in this and there is no need to pass any argument. 15 00:00:41,110 --> 00:00:41,580 Okay. 16 00:00:41,650 --> 00:00:47,290 So first let us try to first let us revise the defense within the pre and post increment. 17 00:00:47,320 --> 00:00:48,400 Okay. 18 00:00:48,400 --> 00:01:01,530 So pre and post so there defenses see if I write and die is 5 and I bless plus and if I tried to print 19 00:01:01,530 --> 00:01:02,520 the value off. 20 00:01:03,100 --> 00:01:06,170 So this is P so plus plus I. 21 00:01:06,510 --> 00:01:08,190 And if I tried to print the value of i. 22 00:01:08,220 --> 00:01:09,690 So the output will be 6. 23 00:01:09,720 --> 00:01:10,410 Okay. 24 00:01:10,410 --> 00:01:21,210 And similarly if I had to post increment and if I tried to print the value of my then I said will be 25 00:01:21,210 --> 00:01:21,780 six. 26 00:01:21,800 --> 00:01:23,980 So here that there is no difference. 27 00:01:24,230 --> 00:01:27,510 The difference would have come when we will assign the values. 28 00:01:27,530 --> 00:01:27,790 Okay. 29 00:01:27,810 --> 00:01:32,000 So the difference between post and increment will come when we will assign the values. 30 00:01:32,000 --> 00:01:34,010 So let us assign the values. 31 00:01:34,010 --> 00:01:35,770 So in the G. 32 00:01:35,940 --> 00:01:38,000 This is less policy. 33 00:01:38,310 --> 00:01:40,980 And now let's try to bend the value of i n g 34 00:01:44,590 --> 00:01:45,160 similarly 35 00:01:50,340 --> 00:01:54,450 I plus press and brand the value of i n g 36 00:01:58,230 --> 00:02:03,550 so the value of i will be 6 and the value of G will also be 6. 37 00:02:03,630 --> 00:02:05,890 In this case the value of i will be 6. 38 00:02:05,910 --> 00:02:08,760 But the value of j will be five. 39 00:02:08,850 --> 00:02:09,280 Okay. 40 00:02:09,360 --> 00:02:16,180 So what happened is breeding commences first increment and then use. 41 00:02:16,230 --> 00:02:18,050 Okay so that's why a six and 6. 42 00:02:18,210 --> 00:02:23,870 Whereas post increment will say first assign first to use and then increment. 43 00:02:25,020 --> 00:02:25,290 Okay. 44 00:02:25,320 --> 00:02:29,700 So the defense will come when we will assign the values. 45 00:02:29,700 --> 00:02:30,270 Okay. 46 00:02:30,270 --> 00:02:33,300 Now how we will differentiate in diffraction plots. 47 00:02:33,330 --> 00:02:33,860 Okay. 48 00:02:33,900 --> 00:02:40,520 So what will happen infection plus how we will call the function so we will write something like 49 00:02:43,160 --> 00:02:49,090 fiction if food is f 1 plus plus. 50 00:02:49,090 --> 00:02:57,610 So let us assume the initial value of f1 is so numerator and denominator is that certain by two. 51 00:02:57,660 --> 00:03:03,500 So this is initially F1 so posting I will say first assign and then increment. 52 00:03:04,320 --> 00:03:10,140 So the value of a fourth will be same as the value of f1 so then n2. 53 00:03:10,170 --> 00:03:11,880 So this will be our effort. 54 00:03:12,660 --> 00:03:16,940 And for F1 which will happen we will do plus 1 and then we will call simplifying. 55 00:03:16,960 --> 00:03:20,410 So it will become 6 by 1. 56 00:03:20,520 --> 00:03:21,150 Okay. 57 00:03:21,180 --> 00:03:23,400 So this will be the value of f1. 58 00:03:24,270 --> 00:03:27,180 Okay so let us all load the function post increment. 59 00:03:27,210 --> 00:03:27,900 Let us order. 60 00:03:27,940 --> 00:03:29,470 Operator post increment. 61 00:03:29,490 --> 00:03:33,770 Okay so what we will do we have to return a fraction and their function. 62 00:03:33,780 --> 00:03:35,220 We have to return the all the value. 63 00:03:35,250 --> 00:03:38,710 So this is the old value and this is the new value. 64 00:03:38,730 --> 00:03:39,780 Okay. 65 00:03:40,050 --> 00:03:41,640 So now let's see called 66 00:03:45,930 --> 00:03:52,620 so it's time to overload post increment. 67 00:03:52,870 --> 00:03:59,270 Okay so first of all work with the return type return type cannot be void because we have to return 68 00:03:59,270 --> 00:04:02,890 type cannot be void because we can also assign values. 69 00:04:02,900 --> 00:04:07,320 Okay so that's why than type cannot be void then they will be function only. 70 00:04:07,790 --> 00:04:13,090 And then operator and then operator which we want to overload. 71 00:04:13,280 --> 00:04:21,180 So it will not take any argument why because would say unity operator now see the name of the function 72 00:04:21,180 --> 00:04:24,130 is exactly the same operator plus and operator plus. 73 00:04:24,150 --> 00:04:27,600 So how do differentiate between the P and the post increment. 74 00:04:27,600 --> 00:04:30,520 So what we will do we will write in budget here. 75 00:04:30,600 --> 00:04:31,250 Okay. 76 00:04:31,260 --> 00:04:36,300 So now this is post increment and that bonus pre increment. 77 00:04:36,330 --> 00:04:36,840 Okay. 78 00:04:36,900 --> 00:04:41,150 So you have to remember this that we have to pass in budget as argument. 79 00:04:41,310 --> 00:04:41,840 Okay. 80 00:04:41,940 --> 00:04:46,330 So what we have to do first of all we have to write down the friction and the friction with the all 81 00:04:46,330 --> 00:04:47,130 the values. 82 00:04:47,160 --> 00:04:47,810 Okay. 83 00:04:47,910 --> 00:04:49,530 So friction with the all the values. 84 00:04:49,560 --> 00:04:58,230 So friction if new it will contain the numerator and denominator. 85 00:04:58,350 --> 00:05:03,810 And now what we have to do first first use and then increment. 86 00:05:03,840 --> 00:05:04,930 Now we will increment. 87 00:05:04,970 --> 00:05:13,590 So the numerator will become numerator plus denominator and the denominator will remain unchanged. 88 00:05:13,740 --> 00:05:20,940 Then what we have to do we have to call simplify function so simplify so implicitly it will be called 89 00:05:20,940 --> 00:05:24,210 on this side or simplify okay. 90 00:05:24,270 --> 00:05:28,940 Now we have to return direction so that it can start. 91 00:05:28,960 --> 00:05:34,280 Sorry we have to return the old friction and so f new. 92 00:05:34,290 --> 00:05:34,560 Okay. 93 00:05:34,560 --> 00:05:41,140 So what will happen. 94 00:05:41,240 --> 00:05:44,720 So this is F1 numerator and denominator. 95 00:05:44,720 --> 00:05:50,500 Value is tending to and suits at doses so hundred. 96 00:05:50,550 --> 00:05:55,210 Okay so this will contain 700. 97 00:05:55,470 --> 00:05:57,940 So I am creating a new fraction f new. 98 00:05:58,170 --> 00:06:02,710 So we have a new friction no days down the runway. 99 00:06:02,720 --> 00:06:04,080 That is true. 100 00:06:04,120 --> 00:06:07,830 This is f new okay. 101 00:06:07,890 --> 00:06:10,290 And let's say you said this is 800. 102 00:06:10,290 --> 00:06:12,540 So numerator is numerator plus no matter. 103 00:06:12,810 --> 00:06:15,030 So who is no better that this error numerator. 104 00:06:15,330 --> 00:06:17,060 So 700 nobody knows. 105 00:06:17,070 --> 00:06:22,500 So it will become 20 and this will remain as true then we are calling the simplified function. 106 00:06:22,500 --> 00:06:25,630 So simplify we make it 6 by 1. 107 00:06:25,920 --> 00:06:26,190 Okay. 108 00:06:26,190 --> 00:06:28,140 And then we added dining f new. 109 00:06:28,200 --> 00:06:31,140 So then we will return this one. 110 00:06:31,140 --> 00:06:33,850 Okay so let's do one more thing. 111 00:06:33,960 --> 00:06:39,090 Let us also simplify this friction so it will become 5 by 1. 112 00:06:39,240 --> 00:06:39,490 Okay. 113 00:06:39,510 --> 00:06:42,180 So let us call simplify function on f new 114 00:06:45,470 --> 00:06:48,910 so f new not simplify 115 00:06:53,840 --> 00:06:54,110 okay. 116 00:07:06,490 --> 00:07:08,300 Now there does create a friction if three 117 00:07:15,140 --> 00:07:23,920 so let's create a fraction F3 and we will use post incrementally we'll call post increment. 118 00:07:23,950 --> 00:07:33,460 Okay so f one less plus and now we will print f linen F three so f t not print. 119 00:07:33,640 --> 00:07:35,170 Okay so what should be our output. 120 00:07:40,390 --> 00:07:40,620 Okay. 121 00:07:40,630 --> 00:07:46,430 So since we are calling post incremental first F when will be assigned to F3. 122 00:07:46,600 --> 00:07:52,390 So the value of F2 will be 5 by 1 because we are also calling simplify function and then f one will 123 00:07:52,390 --> 00:07:53,370 be incremented. 124 00:07:53,500 --> 00:07:56,350 So the value of f 1 will be 6 by 1. 125 00:07:56,350 --> 00:07:58,940 So that would probably be 6 by 1 and 5 7. 126 00:07:58,960 --> 00:07:59,920 Okay so let's see 127 00:08:03,640 --> 00:08:06,060 so that would produce 6 by 1 in 5 by 1. 128 00:08:06,110 --> 00:08:06,340 Okay. 129 00:08:06,350 --> 00:08:09,960 So our code is working now let's see when. 130 00:08:13,180 --> 00:08:13,900 If I had 8 131 00:08:16,930 --> 00:08:24,880 and day is 5 and I bless bless and bless bliss. 132 00:08:24,960 --> 00:08:27,720 And if I tried to pray in the valley of I. 133 00:08:27,750 --> 00:08:29,220 So what do we are output. 134 00:08:29,220 --> 00:08:35,990 So what I'm doing here is we are doing nesting nesting one post increment so it will throw us at it. 135 00:08:36,000 --> 00:08:36,230 Okay. 136 00:08:36,240 --> 00:08:39,350 So nesting is not defined for post increment. 137 00:08:39,360 --> 00:08:39,590 Okay. 138 00:08:39,600 --> 00:08:42,290 So nesting is not allowed for posting agreement. 139 00:08:42,300 --> 00:08:45,120 So since nesting is not allowed. 140 00:08:45,150 --> 00:08:47,910 So since nesting is not allowed for posting agreement. 141 00:08:48,060 --> 00:08:49,070 So we will not do. 142 00:08:49,080 --> 00:08:52,440 Okay so there is no need for us to do nesting. 143 00:08:53,070 --> 00:08:56,410 Okay so if you will ring discord this will throw us at it. 144 00:08:57,060 --> 00:09:00,180 Similarly our God will give us unexpected output. 145 00:09:00,300 --> 00:09:00,570 Okay. 146 00:09:00,620 --> 00:09:04,520 So very strange behavior will be observed okay. 147 00:09:04,540 --> 00:09:09,350 So now let's stop let's stop posting agreement here. 148 00:09:09,400 --> 00:09:14,640 Now let us try to overload one more operator which is called Blessed collaborator. 149 00:09:14,650 --> 00:09:17,680 So now we will try to overload classical operator. 150 00:09:18,340 --> 00:09:18,620 Okay. 151 00:09:18,670 --> 00:09:20,040 So where this political operator. 152 00:09:20,050 --> 00:09:25,910 So when I write in day 5 and geez let's say 3. 153 00:09:26,110 --> 00:09:28,950 So if I do I plus equals G. 154 00:09:28,960 --> 00:09:33,760 So this is basically the short form of writing I equals a plus G. 155 00:09:33,850 --> 00:09:35,140 Okay so what will happen. 156 00:09:35,320 --> 00:09:40,790 The value of AI is initially 5 and the value of G is initially 3. 157 00:09:40,810 --> 00:09:43,380 So after this line it will become it. 158 00:09:44,080 --> 00:09:44,340 Okay. 159 00:09:44,350 --> 00:09:46,180 So add the two values and put that in there. 160 00:09:46,180 --> 00:09:49,470 Then I okay. 161 00:09:49,760 --> 00:09:54,270 So for political operator nesting is defined. 162 00:09:54,360 --> 00:10:03,140 Okay so if I write I plus equal g and then if I do the nesting blessed with G so output will become. 163 00:10:03,140 --> 00:10:04,910 So this will be done. 164 00:10:05,000 --> 00:10:08,870 This will make the value of phys it and then we are doing plus it goes to you. 165 00:10:08,870 --> 00:10:12,370 So this will become 11 and it will remain three. 166 00:10:12,440 --> 00:10:16,110 Okay so the value of 5 will become eleven and the value of j will remain three. 167 00:10:16,190 --> 00:10:16,490 Okay. 168 00:10:16,520 --> 00:10:18,620 So this operator has nesting properties. 169 00:10:18,650 --> 00:10:20,590 Okay so nesting is allowed. 170 00:10:20,660 --> 00:10:22,410 So let's see. 171 00:10:22,820 --> 00:10:25,760 Let's try to experiment first. 172 00:10:25,800 --> 00:10:35,710 So what I'm doing in day is 5 and into juice 3 now I plus a equals G 173 00:10:40,990 --> 00:10:43,400 similarly plus equals G. 174 00:10:43,420 --> 00:10:46,030 Now if I tried to print the value of i in J 175 00:10:51,160 --> 00:10:59,100 So that would probably be eleven and three guess it output is eleven and 176 00:11:04,720 --> 00:11:06,830 so the output is eleven entry. 177 00:11:06,830 --> 00:11:07,400 Okay. 178 00:11:07,520 --> 00:11:08,930 So nesting is defined. 179 00:11:08,930 --> 00:11:13,760 So that means we have to also uh keep this in mind divide overloading the operator. 180 00:11:14,210 --> 00:11:14,620 Okay. 181 00:11:14,720 --> 00:11:16,250 So how we will call our function 182 00:11:22,680 --> 00:11:29,380 so we call something like this friction F1 plus it equals friction F2 since it is a binary operator. 183 00:11:29,460 --> 00:11:35,050 So the F1 will go in this and F2 will be parsed as argument. 184 00:11:35,260 --> 00:11:42,310 Okay so this simply means F1 is F1 plus F2. 185 00:11:42,410 --> 00:11:42,680 Okay. 186 00:11:42,690 --> 00:11:46,890 So we are adding two functions and put the desert inflection one. 187 00:11:46,920 --> 00:11:47,320 Okay. 188 00:11:47,400 --> 00:11:51,980 So if you see we have already done this function if you remember the add function. 189 00:11:51,990 --> 00:11:56,890 So the function idea of ADD was something like this only okay. 190 00:11:57,330 --> 00:12:00,620 So now let us see in code. 191 00:12:00,660 --> 00:12:01,220 Okay. 192 00:12:01,320 --> 00:12:03,720 So first of all what we the return type. 193 00:12:03,750 --> 00:12:09,580 So the return type will be a fraction we are returning a fraction then since the nesting is allowed. 194 00:12:10,290 --> 00:12:12,130 We will return biodefense. 195 00:12:12,150 --> 00:12:12,590 Okay. 196 00:12:12,630 --> 00:12:18,790 We have to return a fraction biodefense via biodefense because the nesting is allowed okay. 197 00:12:20,640 --> 00:12:23,940 So let's see okay. 198 00:12:23,960 --> 00:12:28,340 So let's see. 199 00:12:28,380 --> 00:12:32,940 So first of all what do we the return types to return that will be a fraction. 200 00:12:32,940 --> 00:12:33,250 Okay. 201 00:12:33,270 --> 00:12:34,770 So why affliction. 202 00:12:34,890 --> 00:12:37,080 Because we need to return affection. 203 00:12:37,080 --> 00:12:40,050 It cannot be void and then operator keyword. 204 00:12:40,380 --> 00:12:46,140 And the operative which we want to overload plus equal so it would but it will take it will take a fraction 205 00:12:46,140 --> 00:12:53,440 as input and fiction if two now we know about gold standard offenses. 206 00:12:53,480 --> 00:12:57,620 So we will pass constant traffic because you do not want to call copy constructor. 207 00:12:57,620 --> 00:13:00,460 And also we want to avoid any legal changes. 208 00:13:00,490 --> 00:13:01,180 Okay. 209 00:13:01,250 --> 00:13:04,610 So the functionality will be same as add function. 210 00:13:04,610 --> 00:13:06,050 So there is added function 211 00:13:09,850 --> 00:13:10,160 okay. 212 00:13:10,180 --> 00:13:11,610 So this is our idea function. 213 00:13:11,890 --> 00:13:12,940 So we'll copy discord 214 00:13:17,280 --> 00:13:17,520 okay. 215 00:13:17,530 --> 00:13:22,550 So what we have to do here is we have to make the changes in F1 only. 216 00:13:22,560 --> 00:13:23,250 Okay. 217 00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:29,220 So oncoming discord and we do not need this code 218 00:13:33,110 --> 00:13:33,530 okay. 219 00:13:38,940 --> 00:13:39,170 Okay. 220 00:13:39,180 --> 00:13:44,610 So once the numerator and denominator is updated we have to call the simplify function. 221 00:13:44,610 --> 00:13:52,960 So after cutting the simplify function we also have to it done so right then stop this okay. 222 00:13:53,140 --> 00:13:53,770 Now let's see 223 00:13:56,850 --> 00:14:02,600 now let us first take two functions and see what will be our output. 224 00:14:02,620 --> 00:14:03,060 So. 225 00:14:03,900 --> 00:14:06,250 So let's say I have two factions F1 and F2. 226 00:14:06,250 --> 00:14:11,080 So for F1 the values of the numerator and denominator is let's say 10 entry. 227 00:14:11,080 --> 00:14:18,910 So this is fraction F1 and for fraction F2 let's say the values are 5 and 2. 228 00:14:19,060 --> 00:14:24,760 So this is friction to address 800 and address 700. 229 00:14:24,820 --> 00:14:25,050 Okay. 230 00:14:25,080 --> 00:14:29,100 So when we add these to fiction what will be our output. 231 00:14:29,170 --> 00:14:32,000 So our output will we assemble basics. 232 00:14:32,020 --> 00:14:37,400 This is 20 plus 15 and this is tied to five by six. 233 00:14:37,410 --> 00:14:41,890 So after calling the simplify function output will we try to five by six only. 234 00:14:41,910 --> 00:14:43,630 Okay so this is our output. 235 00:14:43,830 --> 00:14:48,690 Now how we will call this function we will call the function f plus equals F2. 236 00:14:49,140 --> 00:14:49,680 Okay. 237 00:14:49,680 --> 00:14:51,540 So F2 will remain unchanged. 238 00:14:51,570 --> 00:14:55,290 So the value of have to will remain same as 5 by 2. 239 00:14:55,680 --> 00:14:58,500 And F1 will become 25 by 6. 240 00:14:58,770 --> 00:14:59,030 Okay. 241 00:14:59,040 --> 00:15:04,260 So we are doing we are calculating that I'll see him and then we are updating the numerator and then 242 00:15:04,270 --> 00:15:05,820 do a matter of this. 243 00:15:06,180 --> 00:15:08,780 And this contains 700 basically F1. 244 00:15:09,390 --> 00:15:14,050 Okay then we are calling this employ function and then we are returning F1. 245 00:15:14,320 --> 00:15:14,640 Okay. 246 00:15:14,670 --> 00:15:43,010 So let's see. 247 00:15:43,080 --> 00:15:49,360 So how will you call the functions F1 plus equals F2. 248 00:15:49,410 --> 00:15:54,000 So first of all let us change the values of a finite F2 as we have discussed. 249 00:15:54,060 --> 00:16:04,530 So the value of f1 was 10 by three and the value of after was five by 2 5 and 2. 250 00:16:04,600 --> 00:16:06,720 Okay so our output will be 35 by 6. 251 00:16:06,720 --> 00:16:10,830 Now let us try to bring the value of f1 f2 so F1 nought point. 252 00:16:11,250 --> 00:16:13,940 And similarly after that print. 253 00:16:14,070 --> 00:16:20,040 So the value of two will remain unchanged and the value of f1 it will become five by six. 254 00:16:20,100 --> 00:16:20,370 Okay 255 00:16:24,950 --> 00:16:29,700 so the value of f1 became 25 by 6 and the value of employees 5 by two. 256 00:16:29,720 --> 00:16:30,210 Okay. 257 00:16:30,260 --> 00:16:32,170 So our code is working fine. 258 00:16:32,180 --> 00:16:32,410 Okay. 259 00:16:32,420 --> 00:16:38,060 So one more thing I hope you understand why we need to pass by reference written by reference. 260 00:16:38,060 --> 00:16:38,800 Okay. 261 00:16:38,850 --> 00:16:46,190 Y written by reference because if you will write if you will write like F1 plus equals F2 262 00:16:51,660 --> 00:16:54,510 and then again plus equals F2 if you will do nesting. 263 00:16:55,050 --> 00:17:01,710 So I feel lighter than biodefense than the output of this thing will be a system before a system or 264 00:17:01,710 --> 00:17:02,850 temporary memory. 265 00:17:02,850 --> 00:17:07,200 And this second plus equals two will work on that system memory. 266 00:17:07,260 --> 00:17:08,820 Okay so that will be wrong. 267 00:17:08,850 --> 00:17:09,090 Okay. 268 00:17:09,090 --> 00:17:11,460 We do not want it to work on system copy. 269 00:17:11,910 --> 00:17:14,990 So that's why we have to write down by reference. 270 00:17:15,230 --> 00:17:16,070 Okay. 271 00:17:16,340 --> 00:17:19,970 So if you want to condemn this file let us 272 00:17:36,230 --> 00:17:36,460 okay. 273 00:17:36,470 --> 00:17:37,640 So now that's in this file 274 00:17:41,190 --> 00:17:46,330 so F2 remains unchanged and the value of f1 is 25 by three which I'm assuming is correct. 275 00:17:46,500 --> 00:17:47,100 Okay. 276 00:17:47,370 --> 00:17:50,100 So why we need to return biodefense. 277 00:17:50,670 --> 00:17:59,120 So if you will not written by defence the output of this part it will be a system copy it will be a 278 00:17:59,120 --> 00:18:01,640 system copy and this second plus equals two. 279 00:18:01,640 --> 00:18:04,790 This will work on the system copy which we do not want. 280 00:18:04,850 --> 00:18:07,610 Okay so that's why we have the written by reference. 281 00:18:07,670 --> 00:18:08,270 Okay. 282 00:18:08,360 --> 00:18:12,470 So I think we have all loaded almost all the imprint operators. 283 00:18:12,470 --> 00:18:14,690 So if you have any doubt feel free to ask. 284 00:18:14,690 --> 00:18:15,140 Okay. 285 00:18:15,200 --> 00:18:15,620 Thank you.