1 00:00:01,140 --> 00:00:02,260 Hello, welcome back. 2 00:00:02,280 --> 00:00:09,540 In this lesson, we going to develop a number of powerful drivers that we shall use in the rest of our 3 00:00:09,540 --> 00:00:15,540 course so that we can try out much more complex systems who need these drivers when we start dealing 4 00:00:15,540 --> 00:00:19,560 with interrupt with regards to our free hour, Toscano. 5 00:00:20,220 --> 00:00:27,510 So what I'm going to do is I'm going to make a copy of this first project we have here and then or just 6 00:00:27,510 --> 00:00:30,720 continue from the I'll copy and paste. 7 00:00:31,760 --> 00:00:37,430 This project doesn't require an artist, but I'm making a copy because if I create a new project, I 8 00:00:37,700 --> 00:00:45,770 need to include the path and the forward directory for the driver's licenses and the whole drivers. 9 00:00:45,770 --> 00:00:46,580 But I don't want to do that. 10 00:00:46,580 --> 00:00:49,220 So I make a copy of an existing project. 11 00:00:49,790 --> 00:00:51,590 So I call this number 19. 12 00:00:53,190 --> 00:00:55,380 And know name the project, some driver's. 13 00:00:59,350 --> 00:01:01,540 Like this, and then I'll say copy. 14 00:01:03,150 --> 00:01:04,920 OK, it's over here. 15 00:01:05,500 --> 00:01:06,630 I'm going to click call. 16 00:01:07,870 --> 00:01:16,510 May not see and I'm going to clean everything with regards to the artists, I'm going to come over here 17 00:01:16,510 --> 00:01:17,050 and then. 18 00:01:19,470 --> 00:01:20,700 I'm going to start from the top. 19 00:01:21,300 --> 00:01:30,730 So this is the art of stuff, I'll clean this up and I'll clean the task creation as well as starting 20 00:01:30,730 --> 00:01:31,370 the scheduler. 21 00:01:31,680 --> 00:01:33,280 So our main function is empty. 22 00:01:34,080 --> 00:01:37,620 I would delete the task functions as well or delete this. 23 00:01:39,480 --> 00:01:50,340 Or delete this and delete this and actually this, you got the code we have for our you to driver. 24 00:01:51,280 --> 00:01:58,780 I'm going to take that and put it in its own file, so I'm going to come over here, you know, a source 25 00:01:58,780 --> 00:02:02,820 for the right click or send you file over here. 26 00:02:03,970 --> 00:02:06,530 I can see his horse fall and then I'll give it a name. 27 00:02:07,150 --> 00:02:08,710 You ought to see. 28 00:02:10,020 --> 00:02:11,430 And then finish. 29 00:02:14,720 --> 00:02:21,980 OK, and then include over here, I'll create the dot h version of this dot c file I've just created 30 00:02:22,250 --> 00:02:29,400 and I include for the right click Noufal I can select to follow simply C file or C file. 31 00:02:29,510 --> 00:02:30,170 It's fine. 32 00:02:30,470 --> 00:02:33,800 I'll see you at Dorridge and finish. 33 00:02:35,010 --> 00:02:41,160 Also, we're going to include we're going to include an ATC driver, as well as extend or interrupt 34 00:02:41,160 --> 00:02:42,760 to include those folks as well. 35 00:02:44,490 --> 00:02:52,020 But before we created a new force, less populated the folks we currently have to, I'm going to prevent 36 00:02:52,020 --> 00:03:03,300 multiple inclusion by doing if in-depth on a score you add on a school age, if not defined, then we 37 00:03:03,300 --> 00:03:05,490 want to define you at that age. 38 00:03:08,290 --> 00:03:16,160 Then we see and if over here, OK, so let's go to our you ought to see fault. 39 00:03:16,540 --> 00:03:23,070 We're going to start off by including our that each fall so that we have access to our esteemed 32 hull 40 00:03:23,080 --> 00:03:23,650 drivers. 41 00:03:24,130 --> 00:03:30,340 Once that is done, I'm going to go to I may not see fog over here and cut all the code we have for 42 00:03:30,340 --> 00:03:30,550 you. 43 00:03:31,540 --> 00:03:34,510 So this code here is how are you are in it function? 44 00:03:36,640 --> 00:03:37,840 I'm going to cut it. 45 00:03:44,600 --> 00:03:46,120 And then paste over here. 46 00:03:48,490 --> 00:03:56,530 Contrary to paste, then I'm going to rename this, I'm going to remove the static from here and then 47 00:03:57,220 --> 00:04:01,420 I'll just call this new ATX because we're going to have another version. 48 00:04:01,660 --> 00:04:05,140 So I say you are in it for transmuting. 49 00:04:05,140 --> 00:04:07,630 You are is a transmitter in this configuration. 50 00:04:08,320 --> 00:04:11,230 OK, I'm going to go back to I may not see for. 51 00:04:12,170 --> 00:04:12,650 Then. 52 00:04:13,620 --> 00:04:16,290 We have our you ultraright function somewhere. 53 00:04:17,900 --> 00:04:19,610 This is how you try to function. 54 00:04:20,490 --> 00:04:22,950 We know this function, it is currently commented out. 55 00:04:23,790 --> 00:04:26,040 We need it so cuts this. 56 00:04:26,980 --> 00:04:34,390 Come to our you at that see for the hour you are at right function over here and we have to remove the 57 00:04:34,390 --> 00:04:40,120 comments, select or price control, and then and then the comments are removed. 58 00:04:40,750 --> 00:04:43,110 OK, once that is done, we're going to come over here. 59 00:04:43,150 --> 00:04:44,080 Our future. 60 00:04:45,930 --> 00:04:52,440 This one here, so we updated this function to use our you ultraright function, OK? 61 00:04:54,830 --> 00:04:56,390 So I'll cut this. 62 00:04:59,620 --> 00:05:02,380 And I'm going to put this over here like this. 63 00:05:05,410 --> 00:05:14,110 And I'm going to delete this this the one we use in you out right function, OK, so I'm going to copy 64 00:05:14,110 --> 00:05:16,000 this and put out a top here. 65 00:05:22,570 --> 00:05:30,790 OK, and then this is how you are function dysfunction here called error handler doesn't exist in our 66 00:05:30,790 --> 00:05:32,320 new you are to see function. 67 00:05:33,380 --> 00:05:35,940 This handler is defined over here. 68 00:05:36,550 --> 00:05:38,480 Actually, I'm going to delete these. 69 00:05:40,300 --> 00:05:41,070 Items. 70 00:05:41,110 --> 00:05:48,790 This is all me, NFL, I'm going to simplify it, our error handler, we know we're not in implementation 71 00:05:48,790 --> 00:05:49,800 for error or handler. 72 00:05:49,810 --> 00:05:54,580 We can leave it as it is in our mind, Ötzi, but that is not required in our UAT. 73 00:05:55,000 --> 00:05:59,350 So what I'm going to do is you see this line or you are in it. 74 00:05:59,830 --> 00:06:03,370 We can just initialize it without checking for errors or copy this. 75 00:06:04,270 --> 00:06:04,810 And then. 76 00:06:07,280 --> 00:06:10,490 I would just say, or I can leave this and see how you at. 77 00:06:11,530 --> 00:06:19,960 In it, if this is not equal to OK, do nothing, just keep this condition open like this, because 78 00:06:19,960 --> 00:06:24,610 we don't have our hero, everyone laugh out here and we need not bring it because we've not written 79 00:06:24,610 --> 00:06:26,200 any code to handle error. 80 00:06:26,850 --> 00:06:29,760 OK, so this is our you in it. 81 00:06:30,460 --> 00:06:35,770 Next, we're going to configure our UAT for reception. 82 00:06:36,820 --> 00:06:40,410 So this configuration, of course, uses the whole library. 83 00:06:40,540 --> 00:06:49,870 We use the whole library to configure our you at four for Recept for T this one actually has the XRX, 84 00:06:49,870 --> 00:06:51,600 the modest XRX. 85 00:06:52,300 --> 00:07:02,890 OK, so to configure the UAT for IREX, we can just copy this function and then change mode irex to 86 00:07:02,980 --> 00:07:06,790 T only or to IREX only if we are doing IREX. 87 00:07:10,040 --> 00:07:13,460 OK, so this was created in Cuba Kubrick's. 88 00:07:14,590 --> 00:07:22,780 OK, to make the correct version, first of all, I'm going to change the mood here from TXI Rex to 89 00:07:22,780 --> 00:07:24,010 just tax only. 90 00:07:31,660 --> 00:07:34,990 To make the other version, I can simply copy this. 91 00:07:36,630 --> 00:07:46,180 And then there's this over here and change the mood over here, quote, I simply change it to IREX. 92 00:07:47,390 --> 00:07:54,530 Such that this becomes IREX here and I'm going to delete the word imex from it, from both functions. 93 00:07:57,170 --> 00:08:03,230 So we have the talks, if we want to initialize the you attach a transmitter only we use this when I 94 00:08:03,230 --> 00:08:06,020 initialize it as a receiver only we use this. 95 00:08:07,200 --> 00:08:11,580 OK, so once that is done, we move ahead. 96 00:08:13,060 --> 00:08:20,800 To deal with the 80s, so this hour, Ewart's or you autocephaly, we have to expose our Ewart's functions 97 00:08:20,980 --> 00:08:24,400 so that we can access them in our main NFR. 98 00:08:25,960 --> 00:08:30,090 OK, so I'll copy this function prototype copy come to you. 99 00:08:30,100 --> 00:08:35,950 Ordered each file pasted over here and then I'll do the same for the text version. 100 00:08:37,820 --> 00:08:38,640 A copy of this. 101 00:08:41,130 --> 00:08:42,620 And then paste this over here. 102 00:08:46,040 --> 00:08:57,280 OK, so now I can come to I may not see fall and say include you, Outteridge, I say include you at 103 00:08:57,350 --> 00:08:57,800 what age? 104 00:08:59,610 --> 00:09:08,520 And one last thing we forgot to declare our you are Tando typedef, so this Hando typedef we've got 105 00:09:08,520 --> 00:09:10,800 to cut this and take it all. 106 00:09:10,800 --> 00:09:13,860 You ordered Cifas pasted over here. 107 00:09:16,280 --> 00:09:20,420 OK, right, so this is where we have. 108 00:09:24,730 --> 00:09:29,500 Let's build and see what we have control as to save a click over here. 109 00:09:30,940 --> 00:09:31,960 The old project. 110 00:09:33,290 --> 00:09:33,920 Like this. 111 00:09:36,010 --> 00:09:36,500 OK. 112 00:09:36,520 --> 00:09:41,440 Of course, we have a number of errors because of want you to function is being called over here so 113 00:09:41,440 --> 00:09:46,270 we can delete our Ewart's from here and then our Ewart's function. 114 00:09:47,500 --> 00:09:52,590 This one here is to us, you ought to in it as well. 115 00:09:53,080 --> 00:09:58,030 We we've been using all the time, but we've changed a name and we've changed its location. 116 00:09:58,360 --> 00:10:00,030 So I'm going to call it a new function here. 117 00:10:00,040 --> 00:10:05,920 You ought to underscore, you use that to underscore you atkeson it as buttinsky. 118 00:10:08,070 --> 00:10:09,040 It looks good now. 119 00:10:09,780 --> 00:10:11,910 So now let's deal with the ADC. 120 00:10:14,250 --> 00:10:16,920 We're going to come over here to our source for the. 121 00:10:18,170 --> 00:10:25,130 And then create a new far right click you for I call this ADC Dot, see? 122 00:10:26,850 --> 00:10:31,280 Then I'll come over here to include fuda Greta Neuffer. 123 00:10:32,130 --> 00:10:38,970 You selected a file here so that it would type, if not defined, defined for us automatically. 124 00:10:39,390 --> 00:10:40,950 So I'll give it a name, ADC. 125 00:10:42,000 --> 00:10:42,390 Today. 126 00:10:47,000 --> 00:10:49,070 OK, so there's the format it uses. 127 00:10:50,500 --> 00:10:51,030 OK. 128 00:10:53,480 --> 00:11:01,910 So we're going to write a function to enable our ADC, enable a single channel, now ADC and then another 129 00:11:01,910 --> 00:11:04,740 function to reach the ADC data. 130 00:11:05,600 --> 00:11:11,510 So that is what we're going to do and we're going to be using this to run some of our experiment to 131 00:11:11,510 --> 00:11:13,820 understand how things work more deeply. 132 00:11:17,490 --> 00:11:18,960 So inside our. 133 00:11:20,230 --> 00:11:28,380 ABC, that's how far we can include our ADC is going to use bedmate or code, but we can include how 134 00:11:28,390 --> 00:11:34,330 that each course, how that each has our estimate added to F4 Eckstut each. 135 00:11:34,600 --> 00:11:37,540 We don't need to how far this year, but we can include it anyway. 136 00:11:38,390 --> 00:11:44,110 OK, so over here, I'm taking this as an opportunity to show you how we can write to the driver without 137 00:11:44,110 --> 00:11:44,890 using hard. 138 00:11:45,320 --> 00:11:50,050 Of course, those of you who are familiar with my course, you know, I have numerous courses teach 139 00:11:50,050 --> 00:11:52,420 and that always writing drivers from scratch. 140 00:11:52,930 --> 00:11:57,370 Anyway, we're going to have this function here called ADC and it's OK. 141 00:11:57,940 --> 00:12:07,000 And we're going to go to the reference manual and find out how we would be able to initialize the ADC. 142 00:12:07,600 --> 00:12:15,490 So we know the ADC is a peripheral and the ADC converts analog signal to digital for us. 143 00:12:15,970 --> 00:12:20,650 So we have a sensor and we have to attach it somewhere on our MCU. 144 00:12:21,040 --> 00:12:26,110 And then the data that is read by the sensor is brought into the MCU. 145 00:12:26,110 --> 00:12:27,730 So we have to attach it to a pin. 146 00:12:27,860 --> 00:12:28,690 Because of this. 147 00:12:28,960 --> 00:12:35,050 The ADC has channels, these channels are normal, GPA, your pins, but if you want to use them as 148 00:12:35,050 --> 00:12:38,440 ADC pins, you've got to configure them to work as ADC pins. 149 00:12:39,010 --> 00:12:47,440 OK, so in in our UMCOR tax system or in modern day microcontrollers, before we use any module, we 150 00:12:47,440 --> 00:12:50,290 need to enable clock access to that module. 151 00:12:51,680 --> 00:12:59,130 So what I mean by modulus in in a peripheral so the GPA is a peripheral ADC disappear for you, what 152 00:12:59,150 --> 00:13:02,600 is a peripheral spy? 153 00:13:02,600 --> 00:13:03,410 Just a peripheral. 154 00:13:03,980 --> 00:13:07,660 Before we use any of these peripherals, we need to enable the clock access to them. 155 00:13:08,150 --> 00:13:12,410 So to find the information out how the buzz of the. 156 00:13:13,670 --> 00:13:21,110 Microcontroller is connected, we have to go to the datasheet document, so this document here, you 157 00:13:21,110 --> 00:13:23,030 can search it on the Internet. 158 00:13:25,730 --> 00:13:32,060 This is the datasheet one hundred and forty nine pages, you can simply such as the M 32 F or one one 159 00:13:32,060 --> 00:13:39,230 datasheet in a way, this block diagram here in the datasheet, the document ptosis. 160 00:13:40,850 --> 00:13:42,230 Oh, things are connected. 161 00:13:43,820 --> 00:13:49,540 This block diagram shows the buses and as you can see, there are two types of buses. 162 00:13:50,300 --> 00:13:52,040 We have the bus. 163 00:13:54,960 --> 00:14:01,770 And HP stands for advanced high performance busts, and then we have the APB bus, which stands for 164 00:14:01,770 --> 00:14:02,990 Advanced Peripheral Bus. 165 00:14:03,540 --> 00:14:13,140 So HP, we have HP, one HP to HP, one APB to what I mean by APB is this bus over here. 166 00:14:13,770 --> 00:14:14,220 Right. 167 00:14:15,000 --> 00:14:19,970 So we have to know which of the buses is connected to the patrol we are interested in. 168 00:14:20,360 --> 00:14:26,790 We are interested in you as well because we said our ATC has channels and these channels I just G.P.A. 169 00:14:27,120 --> 00:14:28,380 where we connect our senses. 170 00:14:29,100 --> 00:14:31,950 So in this example, we're going to use a one. 171 00:14:33,310 --> 00:14:39,070 So we're going to use you put a pin one, so because of that, we would need to enable clock access 172 00:14:39,070 --> 00:14:39,970 to your ports. 173 00:14:39,970 --> 00:14:47,140 A as we can see over here, you put a has this arrow connect to it and then connect into this bus with 174 00:14:47,140 --> 00:14:51,220 a name h.b one to then to enable to use GPS. 175 00:14:51,660 --> 00:14:58,030 We need to enable clock access to it and to enable clock access to tell you if we need to go through 176 00:14:58,030 --> 00:14:59,780 the AHP one bus. 177 00:15:00,640 --> 00:15:06,580 So then what we have to do is go to the AHP one module and find a register that allows us to edit to 178 00:15:06,580 --> 00:15:11,760 enable clock access to all the peripherals connected to the HP one bus. 179 00:15:12,100 --> 00:15:13,420 That is what we shall do next. 180 00:15:13,900 --> 00:15:17,130 Before we leave, we have to enable the ATCs well. 181 00:15:17,440 --> 00:15:18,280 So let's see. 182 00:15:19,390 --> 00:15:21,700 Which bus the ADC is connected to? 183 00:15:22,820 --> 00:15:24,020 Where is this is the. 184 00:15:24,620 --> 00:15:32,030 So this is ADC one or microcontroller has a single ADC, this is ADC one and we find an arrow touchin 185 00:15:32,030 --> 00:15:34,790 ADC one and then connecting to APV two. 186 00:15:35,810 --> 00:15:42,470 So meaning to enable access to ADC one, we have to go through the APB to bus. 187 00:15:43,070 --> 00:15:51,630 And what that means is we have to go and find out which register in the APB to Range allows us to enable 188 00:15:51,630 --> 00:15:53,830 clock access to ADC. 189 00:15:54,890 --> 00:15:55,340 OK. 190 00:15:56,790 --> 00:16:01,380 So to find the registers, we need a separate document known as the reference manual. 191 00:16:02,280 --> 00:16:06,360 This document is called R.M. zero three eight three. 192 00:16:06,370 --> 00:16:09,450 So you can simply search SDM 32 hour and. 193 00:16:10,640 --> 00:16:15,950 Zero three eight three on Google and you get a reference manual for the three to for one one. 194 00:16:17,610 --> 00:16:20,380 Microcontroller Ariff stands for Reference Manual. 195 00:16:20,640 --> 00:16:22,360 So this has over 800 pages. 196 00:16:22,380 --> 00:16:24,870 Obviously, we're not meant to read all at once. 197 00:16:24,870 --> 00:16:30,450 It's for reference to the reference we are looking for as the we said, HP. 198 00:16:31,170 --> 00:16:32,880 So I'm going to come over here. 199 00:16:32,910 --> 00:16:36,990 I'll do control F and then type the HP one. 200 00:16:37,120 --> 00:16:45,170 That is where we saw our that is where we saw our connected HP one, HP one over here. 201 00:16:45,180 --> 00:16:47,130 This is it is connected. 202 00:16:48,810 --> 00:16:51,180 So I'm going to switch HP one. 203 00:16:52,770 --> 00:16:59,670 And over here, it brings us to a number of registers, there is h.b, one pair, four resets register. 204 00:16:59,940 --> 00:17:03,720 OK, let's scroll down and see what other registers we have. 205 00:17:04,050 --> 00:17:07,350 There is the H.B, one pair, four o'clock and they will register. 206 00:17:07,380 --> 00:17:09,020 This sounds like what we are interested in. 207 00:17:09,330 --> 00:17:13,680 So we click on this and when we come over here, it tells us. 208 00:17:14,660 --> 00:17:22,240 The meaning of each bit in the register over here beats zero in this register stands for you, a enable 209 00:17:22,260 --> 00:17:26,000 which one is for GPA would enable it to is for GPA. 210 00:17:26,000 --> 00:17:26,390 You see a. 211 00:17:27,020 --> 00:17:32,660 And what this means is we can go to zero and read what it means by scrolling down here. 212 00:17:33,700 --> 00:17:38,760 We have explanation for what zero is it says Jhpiego, and. 213 00:17:39,800 --> 00:17:47,180 I will put a clock enable set and cleared by software, if this is zero, then put a clock is disabled. 214 00:17:47,180 --> 00:17:49,520 If this is one, then put a clock. 215 00:17:49,550 --> 00:17:50,450 This enabled. 216 00:17:51,690 --> 00:17:58,530 So we have two sets, but number one, we have two sets, bitz number zero to one to enable clock access 217 00:17:59,010 --> 00:17:59,780 to Port A. 218 00:18:00,180 --> 00:18:01,170 So that is simple. 219 00:18:03,180 --> 00:18:10,730 It is located in the RCC module and the name of the register is H.B one enabled. 220 00:18:11,250 --> 00:18:13,890 So we can simply do this. 221 00:18:16,450 --> 00:18:25,540 We say RACC module and then h.b one enable, you see, it's a structure, we've even found it h.b one 222 00:18:25,540 --> 00:18:34,330 enable register and then we say equal to we want to set bitz number zero to one so we can simply say 223 00:18:34,330 --> 00:18:39,640 one because one is the same as one in binary. 224 00:18:41,270 --> 00:18:49,040 Or we can see a shift, we can say shift one. 225 00:18:51,530 --> 00:18:56,990 To better position zero, and this implies that this implies that. 226 00:18:58,080 --> 00:19:08,190 This implies that we're going to we're going to shift one the value or the number one to position zero 227 00:19:08,190 --> 00:19:10,690 of this 32 bit register. 228 00:19:11,220 --> 00:19:12,450 So that is what we're doing here. 229 00:19:12,960 --> 00:19:25,590 Or we can simply write one because one here is the same as one is the same as writing a decimal zero 230 00:19:25,590 --> 00:19:33,210 zero zero zero zero zero one one two three four five six seven seven zeros is the same as writing this. 231 00:19:33,540 --> 00:19:43,020 If we convert this hexadecimal zero zero one to binary, what we would have is zero B for binary notation 232 00:19:43,020 --> 00:19:50,400 and then zero zero zero zero zero zero zero zero all the way here to one such that we would have thirty 233 00:19:50,430 --> 00:19:51,420 one zeros here. 234 00:19:52,450 --> 00:19:57,220 All the way to one, and this is the same as one in decimal. 235 00:19:58,430 --> 00:20:06,860 OK, so we can we can write it in hexadecimal notation or we can simply write this one, or we can see 236 00:20:07,400 --> 00:20:09,710 shift to one two position zero. 237 00:20:11,450 --> 00:20:17,210 OK, so remember, let me arrange this for you. 238 00:20:17,420 --> 00:20:20,210 I mean, if I'm doing this, I have to do it properly. 239 00:20:24,350 --> 00:20:26,000 For those of you who are not aware. 240 00:20:27,540 --> 00:20:31,860 For binary digits, give us one hexadecimal digit. 241 00:20:34,160 --> 00:20:40,100 So that is why we have eight digits here, one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, and actually 242 00:20:40,100 --> 00:20:41,000 there should be a last one. 243 00:20:42,260 --> 00:20:47,460 So one, two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight. 244 00:20:48,080 --> 00:20:55,040 So this zero will give us four binary zeros, the second zero for binary zeros, the third zero, and 245 00:20:55,040 --> 00:21:00,260 then all four binary zeros onto the last one will give us zero zero zero one. 246 00:21:01,610 --> 00:21:02,970 And this equals one. 247 00:21:04,070 --> 00:21:10,010 So, in effect, I can simply just write one here, right? 248 00:21:10,070 --> 00:21:14,840 This is not about ARTUS, but I cannot just drop it here without elaborating. 249 00:21:15,140 --> 00:21:20,090 OK, so next, we saw this and. 250 00:21:22,610 --> 00:21:31,880 We also saw that our ATC module is connected to the APB to us, we can verify that we can go back there 251 00:21:31,880 --> 00:21:36,560 and confirm ATC here is connected to APB to bus. 252 00:21:36,750 --> 00:21:46,070 So let's find the APB to powerful and they will register in our reference manual or come up here. 253 00:21:48,410 --> 00:21:51,650 And then I'll do the same thing, control f EPB to. 254 00:21:56,550 --> 00:21:59,440 And then there is APB to Perry for a neighborhood register. 255 00:21:59,580 --> 00:22:00,480 I'm going to click this. 256 00:22:03,230 --> 00:22:03,800 OK. 257 00:22:06,470 --> 00:22:07,160 Liversidge. 258 00:22:10,250 --> 00:22:11,530 APB, too. 259 00:22:12,210 --> 00:22:14,610 OK, I clicked on H.B, rather. 260 00:22:14,660 --> 00:22:16,760 OK, so let's scroll down and find APV. 261 00:22:17,480 --> 00:22:18,680 This is AP one. 262 00:22:18,890 --> 00:22:22,730 So AP to should be down here. 263 00:22:28,560 --> 00:22:29,310 Let's see. 264 00:22:33,560 --> 00:22:35,830 This is a screw problem. 265 00:22:39,710 --> 00:22:44,630 OK, this APB, too, and when we check bits, number eight of APB to. 266 00:22:46,140 --> 00:22:47,620 Therefore, enable register. 267 00:22:47,640 --> 00:22:53,940 It is called ADC one end, meaning we need two sets, bitta number eight in the app to register. 268 00:22:55,560 --> 00:23:03,360 To one, in order to enable the ADC so we can come over here and say RACC module. 269 00:23:06,840 --> 00:23:14,910 And then we see a PB to eat and register and we want to shift one. 270 00:23:16,720 --> 00:23:17,810 Two bits, number eight. 271 00:23:19,660 --> 00:23:33,580 So over here, we're doing a neighbor clock for ABC, and then over here we're doing a neighbor clock 272 00:23:34,570 --> 00:23:38,310 for you to be consistent. 273 00:23:38,320 --> 00:23:44,260 I'm going to use this method over here, shift one to position zero. 274 00:23:46,720 --> 00:23:54,330 OK, so over here we have a neighborhood clock access for our ATC module. 275 00:23:54,340 --> 00:23:56,190 And then I want you to put a module. 276 00:23:56,200 --> 00:24:00,640 And the reason we need your report is because you want to use P one as our ADC channel. 277 00:24:01,160 --> 00:24:05,740 Next, we need to go to our Jhpiego section to find out. 278 00:24:05,770 --> 00:24:07,840 OK, I have my Jhpiego. 279 00:24:08,170 --> 00:24:10,470 How do I need them to work as ADC? 280 00:24:10,900 --> 00:24:13,210 How do I set them up as ADC? 281 00:24:13,600 --> 00:24:16,620 So I'm going to set you here in our reference manual. 282 00:24:17,380 --> 00:24:22,470 And then over here we in the U.S., I'm going to go to the registers. 283 00:24:22,480 --> 00:24:24,400 There should be a register set in the mood. 284 00:24:25,000 --> 00:24:27,520 So there is this register called Portmore which register. 285 00:24:27,520 --> 00:24:31,600 I'm going to click over here and Portmore Dredgers that tells us that. 286 00:24:33,620 --> 00:24:43,280 If we want to set a particular pin to analog, OK, first of all, this Portmore Dredges, this 32 bit 287 00:24:43,280 --> 00:24:47,540 register is going to start from zero and it's a 31. 288 00:24:49,740 --> 00:24:54,630 In Portsmouth Register, which is known as the mortgage register or the motor or motor. 289 00:24:55,590 --> 00:24:57,310 Two, it is for one person. 290 00:24:57,330 --> 00:25:04,080 So you see we have more than zero here and then we have more than one would have to move the cirrhotics 291 00:25:04,080 --> 00:25:10,200 bit Zurin one more than one takes between two and three more to two takes between four and five. 292 00:25:10,860 --> 00:25:11,370 OK. 293 00:25:13,060 --> 00:25:20,290 So Malaysia is for all passengers, more than one is for open ones, all the way to more than 15 for 294 00:25:20,320 --> 00:25:21,360 all furphies. 295 00:25:21,820 --> 00:25:26,770 So we are interested in pay one so there will be more than one. 296 00:25:27,520 --> 00:25:32,550 So then we are dealing with between two and three of the mobile register. 297 00:25:33,010 --> 00:25:38,770 So bid two and three have to be one and one before we can set up one. 298 00:25:39,990 --> 00:25:45,930 As analog to setup one US analog, we have to set it two and three to one in one. 299 00:25:47,390 --> 00:25:47,870 OK. 300 00:25:49,730 --> 00:25:54,230 So that is what we're going to do next to one in one here. 301 00:25:54,260 --> 00:25:55,340 What does that imply? 302 00:25:56,670 --> 00:25:58,620 We can convert this into. 303 00:26:01,100 --> 00:26:08,270 We can convert this into hexadecimal notation and we realized that we would end up with zero zero one 304 00:26:08,270 --> 00:26:11,780 one zero zero one one is the same as XY. 305 00:26:13,060 --> 00:26:15,730 Zero zero one one in binary issue XY. 306 00:26:16,720 --> 00:26:17,260 OK. 307 00:26:19,620 --> 00:26:26,330 But we're not going to ride the seat, so I'm going to come over here and then I'm going to say, you 308 00:26:26,610 --> 00:26:35,910 remember to know what I type in the in the document is the name you were dealing with POTTY, and then 309 00:26:35,930 --> 00:26:37,160 is the name of the register. 310 00:26:37,170 --> 00:26:40,040 So it stands for the GPL airport. 311 00:26:40,050 --> 00:26:45,360 So I simply typed you bought a and then. 312 00:26:46,260 --> 00:26:48,390 Motor register like this. 313 00:26:50,920 --> 00:26:55,360 And then I can simply set this by saying EXI. 314 00:26:57,290 --> 00:27:03,080 And if I expand, as you see this hexadecimal number, if I expand it to binary, I'm going to. 315 00:27:04,980 --> 00:27:08,560 This remember, each hexadecimal number is for binary bits. 316 00:27:08,610 --> 00:27:14,870 This is the same as one one 00 and this corresponds to bits number two and bits number three. 317 00:27:15,210 --> 00:27:17,990 And we know bits number two and three other bits. 318 00:27:18,000 --> 00:27:21,180 We need two sets, one, one Kozmo. 319 00:27:21,180 --> 00:27:22,680 That one is for P one. 320 00:27:22,680 --> 00:27:28,260 It's number two and three need to be set to one one to get this analogue pin. 321 00:27:30,140 --> 00:27:32,600 OK, so this means. 322 00:27:37,090 --> 00:27:39,520 So it's one less analog. 323 00:27:43,750 --> 00:27:48,810 Of course, you can use this method, you can use this method by shifting as well. 324 00:27:49,330 --> 00:27:56,430 And also one other thing you see over here, what I'm doing is I'm simply assigning values to the register. 325 00:27:57,310 --> 00:27:59,400 I'm simply assigning values to the register. 326 00:27:59,590 --> 00:28:04,230 Mean in the end, the entire 32 bit register is cleaned. 327 00:28:04,240 --> 00:28:08,260 And this new value that I'm assigning becomes the new value of the register. 328 00:28:08,710 --> 00:28:11,650 A better way to do with this is to use the operation. 329 00:28:12,680 --> 00:28:17,070 When we do this, only the bits that we want to change will change. 330 00:28:17,300 --> 00:28:22,070 So in this case, only bits number eight is going to be said to one and only bits. 331 00:28:22,070 --> 00:28:28,020 Number zero is going to be said to one in this register and all other bits would have the original value. 332 00:28:28,280 --> 00:28:29,930 I can do the same for this. 333 00:28:31,730 --> 00:28:40,490 OK, so once we've done this, the next thing we do is simply enable the ATC over here, I'm not going 334 00:28:40,490 --> 00:28:42,460 to go through the ADC configuration. 335 00:28:42,470 --> 00:28:44,180 That will be an entirely different lesson. 336 00:28:44,190 --> 00:28:46,220 So I'll just bring the configuration code. 337 00:28:46,610 --> 00:28:48,150 So we go to the ADC module. 338 00:28:48,260 --> 00:28:49,430 It's quite a number of registe. 339 00:28:49,430 --> 00:28:56,900 This is called control register to Squaddie Sequencer, Register three sequencer register one. 340 00:28:57,920 --> 00:29:05,000 We go to control register when we set it to zero zero, its main software trigger because our ADC can 341 00:29:05,000 --> 00:29:10,910 have more output, can have different triggers, we can trigger it using other sources to see the standard 342 00:29:10,910 --> 00:29:13,790 trigger, which is the software itself. 343 00:29:13,790 --> 00:29:20,510 Some the ADC data we just set, we just write zero to control register two and you can go to the reference 344 00:29:20,510 --> 00:29:21,650 minor if interested. 345 00:29:22,790 --> 00:29:29,150 You can go to the section on ADC and read about ADC one underscore. 346 00:29:29,150 --> 00:29:30,050 See our two. 347 00:29:31,640 --> 00:29:37,340 And then over here, conversion is going to start at Channel One, we have a single channel and then 348 00:29:37,340 --> 00:29:40,700 the conversion land, we have to decide what is the conversion then. 349 00:29:41,030 --> 00:29:46,270 If we had multiple channels and we wanted to sample more, we would increase the conversion rate. 350 00:29:46,280 --> 00:29:53,270 But we set it to zero over here because we have just a single conversion and then we enable the ADC 351 00:29:53,270 --> 00:30:00,920 by writing one to the control register to OK, if you want to learn how to write or code for all peripherals, 352 00:30:00,920 --> 00:30:05,810 not just the ADC, you can take a look at my embedded systems permit or programming course. 353 00:30:06,500 --> 00:30:09,760 Right, if we are to spend time going deeper into this. 354 00:30:10,310 --> 00:30:11,990 This course won't end today. 355 00:30:14,740 --> 00:30:21,880 OK, so next, we'll write a function to read the ADC data, so dysfunctional, right, or retender 356 00:30:21,880 --> 00:30:29,750 data so it will return to you and 32 unaskable tea in the name of the function will be read analogue. 357 00:30:29,890 --> 00:30:34,780 And so takes no argument like this. 358 00:30:36,070 --> 00:30:39,910 And what we have to do here is first to start the ADC conversion. 359 00:30:39,910 --> 00:30:43,980 We said software trigger, so we have to start the ADC conversion to do this. 360 00:30:44,470 --> 00:30:46,240 OK, this one I would explain. 361 00:30:46,750 --> 00:30:50,770 We're going to go to the ADC, part of the reference manual. 362 00:30:51,190 --> 00:30:58,720 I'll come up here and control F and then I'll search ADC and I'll scroll down to ADC Registers. 363 00:31:01,520 --> 00:31:02,630 OK, and then. 364 00:31:03,830 --> 00:31:05,920 Still scrolling on a stop scrolling. 365 00:31:09,350 --> 00:31:16,580 And then we're going to go to the ATCC ata, which is ADC Control Register to remember we said. 366 00:31:17,520 --> 00:31:21,210 When we said control register two for software trigger. 367 00:31:22,420 --> 00:31:28,120 When we write zero, it gives off to a trigger because zero basically sets the entire register. 368 00:31:29,640 --> 00:31:33,150 To zero and including the bit has to decide. 369 00:31:34,030 --> 00:31:43,630 Which triggered the ADC should use OK, so bits number 30 here, let's see bits, number 30, S.W. starts. 370 00:31:44,970 --> 00:31:53,130 It's no 30 years code start conversion of regular channels, so we have to set bit number 30 to one 371 00:31:53,700 --> 00:31:56,040 to start conversion on our ADC. 372 00:31:59,080 --> 00:32:06,630 OK, and then once we started conversion, we have to wait for the conversion to be complete. 373 00:32:07,840 --> 00:32:12,160 So I'm going to come over here the first and we're going to do is this one. 374 00:32:13,180 --> 00:32:21,790 We're going to access the control register two and then we're going to see the operator because we want 375 00:32:21,790 --> 00:32:22,690 to change only bits. 376 00:32:22,690 --> 00:32:27,520 Number 30, we're going to say shift one to bits, number 30. 377 00:32:29,620 --> 00:32:30,530 And David. 378 00:32:32,390 --> 00:32:34,040 Start easy conversion. 379 00:32:37,560 --> 00:32:44,790 Once that is done, we have to wait for conversion and when conversion is complete, we would know this 380 00:32:45,270 --> 00:32:51,600 from the status register of the ADC so we can know whether the conversion was completed or not. 381 00:32:52,510 --> 00:33:00,190 By checking a particular bit in the ATC status register, so let's find that so does the register. 382 00:33:00,220 --> 00:33:01,600 It's called the ATC. 383 00:33:01,600 --> 00:33:05,230 Underscore our ATC status register over here. 384 00:33:05,230 --> 00:33:09,090 There's a bit called EEOC, meaning end of conversion bits, number one. 385 00:33:09,640 --> 00:33:12,550 So it says regular channel and of conversion. 386 00:33:12,550 --> 00:33:15,540 This bit is set by the hardware at the end of the conversion. 387 00:33:16,000 --> 00:33:22,840 So we have to check if this bit is set and if it sets, it will let us know that all conversion has 388 00:33:22,840 --> 00:33:24,490 ended its bid to number one. 389 00:33:24,820 --> 00:33:29,500 So what we want to do is come over here and see one 390 00:33:32,140 --> 00:33:39,970 ADC, one status register, and then we perform on an operation of this. 391 00:33:40,480 --> 00:33:49,600 And the number two, the number two, because two is the same as binary notation. 392 00:33:52,300 --> 00:33:56,630 Zero one like this, so this is bits number zero. 393 00:33:56,650 --> 00:34:00,850 This is bit number one, this in decimal notation equals two. 394 00:34:01,510 --> 00:34:08,760 So we can simply say ADC one as and number two like this and we're performing an end operation. 395 00:34:09,040 --> 00:34:19,030 OK, so we say if we perform this operation and it's forced this this will indicate that our bitz number 396 00:34:19,030 --> 00:34:19,810 one is not set. 397 00:34:19,810 --> 00:34:21,640 If it was, then we will get stuck here. 398 00:34:22,240 --> 00:34:26,500 So essentially what we are doing is waiting for conversion. 399 00:34:32,370 --> 00:34:39,990 To complete and watch the conversion is complete, we would return our function is supposed to return 400 00:34:39,990 --> 00:34:40,690 you into that. 401 00:34:40,710 --> 00:34:47,570 To underscore t so the sense of value is going to be stored in the ADC data register. 402 00:34:47,580 --> 00:34:55,230 So ADC one, D-R will just return this register and return the content essentially. 403 00:34:58,490 --> 00:35:00,740 And what we are doing has returned results. 404 00:35:02,820 --> 00:35:14,790 OK, so this is it, we have our ADC functions, we have it easy in it and read analog signs or so I'll 405 00:35:14,790 --> 00:35:20,100 copy this and take it to our ADC to each file so that we can have access to these functions. 406 00:35:20,100 --> 00:35:21,050 And I may not see. 407 00:35:22,050 --> 00:35:23,390 And then I'll copy this as well. 408 00:35:26,420 --> 00:35:29,170 And then pull this over here, OK? 409 00:35:31,050 --> 00:35:38,850 So in the next lesson, we shall deal with our external interrupt driver, so that's all there is and 410 00:35:38,850 --> 00:35:39,510 I'll see you later. 411 00:35:39,510 --> 00:35:42,500 If you have any questions, leave them in the questions and this area of.