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All right, Now let me demonstrate you how you could create a new user, and I will do that as root

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user in Ubuntu Docker container.

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Please notice that if you want to create new users, you need to have root access to the system and

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if you are root user you are good to go and you are able to create any other users.

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If you are logged in as a regular user, you need to prepend commands that we will use here in this

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lecture and next lectures with sudo.

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And when you enter any command with sudo prefix you will be asked for root password.

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And if you don't have access to root password, of course you will not be able to perform such actions

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as creation of new users.

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All right.

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You are able to create new users using two different commands either user add or add user.

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And first, let's have a quick look at help for those both commands.

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User add Dash Dash help.

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And here you see different options that could be used along with this command.

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And you see that the this command is used for creation of the new user.

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And here in place of login, you need to enter new username for the user you want to add.

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Let's have a look at Add user command, clear terminal, add user dash dash help and here is a help

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page for Add user command and for example, with such option as dash dash home, you are able to set

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custom home directory for specific new user and here as user you should enter any username that will

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be used for creation of the new user.

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All right, I'll show you both commands in action.

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And let me start with user add command.

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Let me clear a terminal and enter user add.

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And next let me enter my name as username user add mock done.

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And you see that actually nothing happened.

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I saw no prompts and it seems that new user was created.

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Let me now try to login as Bogdan user and you are able to log in as other user if you are already logged

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in as for example, root user.

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And for that you could use command as u this one and next you could type simply username you want to

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log in with as you Bogdan and notice that I was logged into other shell and actually now you see Shell

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as root user.

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I was logged in into the bash shell and from that bash shell I was logged into shell for Bogdan user

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And if I enter here, who am I?

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I see.

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Bogdan And that means that now I'm logged in as Bogdan User.

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But let's have a look at the contents of the folder.

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I'm currently in LHS, and here I see error permission denied.

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If I enter W, I see that I'm still in the root folder, but you could remember that this folder is

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actually home directory for root user and this folder has read, write and execute permissions only

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for root user.

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And if I enter LHS and here type slash, you'll see this information here on this line root folder can

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be accessed only by root user.

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That's why if I try to access it here as Bogdan user, I'll get permission error and that's fully correct.

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All right.

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That's how I was able to log into the shell using different user.

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But let's try to list contents of the home directory.

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I have told you that each user should have home directory.

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Let's enter LHS slash home and here I see actually no other subfolders.

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And that means that no home directory was created for this new user.

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Bogdan And if you want to create new home directory, you need to perform additional action.

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Also, this user does not have any password set and if you will try to access this computer remotely

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and login as Bogdan user, you will not be able to do so because there was no password for this user.

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Now let's go back to root user and if you want to exit from current session for Bogdan user, you need

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to enter simply exit.

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And now I'm back to bash shell for root user.

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All right next command that you need to use if you want to set up a password for specific user is pass

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WD and next comes username Bogdan and here I could set new password for specific user.

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Let me set something random.

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One, two, three.

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Here, I'll retype one two, three and password was updated successfully and now I will be able to log

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in as regular Bogdan user using this password that I have just configured.

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Let's now again try to log in as Bogdan user by typing as you Bogdan and you see that I was not asked

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for any password and the reason for that is that I'm already logged into the system as root user and

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that's why there is no need to ask for password for other user.

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All right.

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That's how we were able to set password for a specific new user.

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But there is still no home directory for this user.

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Let me show you how you could create new user with Home directory.

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And first, let's simply remove this user that we have just created and for that use following command

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user del.

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And next comes username.

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User was removed and now let's create the same user back again, but with another option that will automatically

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create a new home directory for this user.

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Let's type user, add dash, dash help and let's look for option that will create home directory.

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And actually I'm able to filter this output using pipe operator and here will be grab command.

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We have already discussed this command before and here type home like so.

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And you see that with dash D option you are able to set specific home directory or you are able to use

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dash m option that will create home directory automatically in the slash home directory.

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Let's use dash m option.

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Let's clear terminal user add dash m and next comes username back down again.

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And now let's list contents of the home folder.

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And now you see new sub folder that was created here automatically and name matches user name for this

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user that we have just created.

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Let's list contents of this bag down folder and let's add here options Dash LA in order to see hidden

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files and see results in table format.

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And now I see that there are three hidden files.

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Bash log out, bash, RC and profile.

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And those files were created automatically for this particular user.

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But now question how Linux system decides which shell specific user should use by default.

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Let me show you how E-t-c default user add.

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There is such file located in default directory.

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Let's have a look actually at this file using cut command and you'll see set of default options that

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are used for creation of the new user.

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When you enter user add command and if you scroll up a bit, you'll see such variable that is set to

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bin.

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And that actually indicates the default shell that will be used for new users that you create using

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user add command and you are able actually adjust this default configuration file, you are able to

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uncomment some sections, you are able to add additional parameters, you are able to modify existing

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parameters and so on.

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And let's actually try to modify this file and adjust shell to bin bash and afterwards let's try to

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create new user.

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But first let's log in as Bogdan user and ensure that we will be logged in into the shell Let's clear

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terminal and enter as log Bogdan And you see here that I'm logged in into the shell as Bogdan user and

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we are able to verify which shell we are currently using by entering a command echo dollar sign zero

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And here I see.

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All right.

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Let's now try to create new user under this session.

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Let's try to enter user ID and for example, let's create new user called test.

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And here I see error permission denied.

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And the reason for that is that I'm trying to create new user from regular user session.

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And I have told you before that if you want to create new users, you need to have root privileges.

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And if you try to do so as regular user, you will get definitely an error.

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All right, let's exit from this session.

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And now let's modify configuration file for user add command.

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Let's use Nano Editor Nano here type path to this configuration file.

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It is located in EDC.

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I'll use absolute path next default and here will be user add like this.

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And let's modify this line.

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Shell will be bin bash like so let's save changes.

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Control X yes.

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Enter and let's read the contents of this file in order to verify that changes were saved.

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And let's scroll up here.

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And yes, here is this change.

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Shell is set to bin bash.

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All right.

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Let's now create one more user.

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And again, I'll use option M that will automatically create new home directory for this new user.

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And afterwards we will try to log in as new user.

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Let's enter user Add.

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Next comes option and afterwards let's enter username test.

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We will create new user with username test.

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Let's press enter and now let's use as test.

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And now you see that I'm inside of the bash shell.

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Let's type echo dollar sign zero and you see bash.

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And notice that if you use as command without any other options, then current working directory will

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remain unchanged.

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Notice that here I was inside of the home directory for root user, it is slash root and when I have

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changed user I still remain in this folder slash root.

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And if you don't want such behavior you need to use additional option with as command.

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Let me show you that.

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Let's exit from here and type dash, dash, help.

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And here you will see this option on this line.

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You could either use simply dash or dash l or dash dash login.

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And with this option you will be logged into new session completely from scratch as new user.

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Let me show you that as dash and here type username test and you'll see that I have changed user to

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test and now I'm inside of the home directory for this test user and if I enter PWD you'll see path

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to home directory for test user.

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It is slash home slash test.

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Same applies to other users.

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For example, let's exit from here and as you dash and here type Bogdan username and now I'm actually

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in the shell.

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But if I enter PWD you'll see same picture.

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I'm inside of the home directory for this particular user.

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That's what this option dash or dash L does.

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All right.

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That's how you could create new users using user add command.

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And with such option as you are able to automatically create new home directory for specific user.

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Great.

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Let's exit from here and let's use user command in order to remove Bogdan user and let's verify whether

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home directory for this user is still in place or not.

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Let's list files in Home directory and yes, I still see here Bogdan Subfolder and that means that user

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Del Command without any additional options does not remove home directory for specific user.

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Let's have a look at the help options for user del Command User del Dash.

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Dash Help.

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And here in list of those options, you'll see option dash R that will automatically remove home directory

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for a specific user.

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Let's use this option in order to remove test user.

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Let's enter user Dell dash r test.

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You see warning that the test mail spool wasn't found.

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Just ignore it.

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Let's list the contents of the home directory now and don't see test sub folder here in this home folder.

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Let's also remove manually this sub folder.

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Let's use rm dash r slash home slash Bogdan enter.

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Let's list contents of the home directory.

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And now it is empty.

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All right.

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That's how you could create a new users using user add command with another command pass WD you are

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able to set password or modify it if it is already set for a particular user and using user del command

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you are able to remove created user.

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Let's now proceed and next let me show you another command add user.

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It is slightly different from user add command, but just with single command you are able to set home

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directory password and other options if you want to do so.

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Let's talk about it in the next lecture.

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Bye bye.