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We have just talked about the difference between hard and soft links.

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But the way they actually needed Linux, if you want to create a copy of specific file, you could,

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of course, use S.P. comment and copy one file to another user file and use them separately.

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But if you want to reuse specific file.

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And the only change is location.

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You could simply use link to existing file.

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Same with directories.

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There was no need to copy entire directory.

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You could simply create a link to that directory.

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And that's it.

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For example, if I go here one level up, seedy and seedy, actually, dude folder and list files and

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folders here, I'll see that such folders as.

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As being Liebe and LEEP thought.

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The two are simply links to Özer directories like user SBM.

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I could verify that the user has been is directory by using a simply Alaska amount and ILEC actually

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contents of that folder.

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And that means that you are able to create links, eyes or for files or for directories.

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And now let's do some experiments and let's create the links ourselves.

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Let's see the home directory.

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And let's at least files and folders here.

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And here I see some files and folders that I have created before.

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If you see here, empty folder, please create any new text file.

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I'll create no link to file a file.

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But the extent that is already present here in this folder for that I will use comment l m and first,

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as the first argument here will be.

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Name of existing file.

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In this case, File five takes time and the space will be made of the link.

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And let's suppose that I'll create a link with name file five that link dot dig.

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And actually I'll create first soft link.

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Let me add here.

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Soft link like salt and I'll add additional option here.

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This s to indicate that I want to create soft link.

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Let's press enter and let's list files and folders now.

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And I see no file file file.

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Softly Dodik.

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And if I have a look at contours of this file.

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Like, so I alsi actually contours of a file.

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Five to dig text.

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All right.

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Let's not list filed using L option unless this L.

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And no, I see that file file desk solved.

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Linda digs deep, is looking to file a five to six deal.

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And he, of course, you'll see a difference in permissions, difference in size and difference in data

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modification and does because I have just created solely to link to a file of five boutiques deep.

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All right, let's note the following.

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Let's read one more copy of a five takes D using S.P..

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Come and grab him and let's copy a file.

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Fire that the extreme do file seeks to dig deep.

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Like so.

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Let's list files and folders now.

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And there was additional file.

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Six Dodig Steve sighs is the same as size of file, five to 60.

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Here it is.

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But those files are completed.

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Two different files.

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And if you change file five or the deep, there will be no change in file.

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Six takes deep.

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But there will be change in this link.

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Let's try that.

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Let's modify file five DODIG Steve.

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And for that, let's use nano ed.

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Nano File.

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Five Dodig Steve.

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And let's modify first line.

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And here I'll type file was just modified like.

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So let's say it changes control.

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Yes.

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And press enter and no less with contents of file five to dig deep.

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Got file five.

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Actually I could use a head head file file to the extreme.

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Sorry Dipo.

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The extreme actually let me use a dash.

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An option and with only thrust like that and one like so and ILC file was just modified.

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Let's now read contents of link to this file.

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Had this in one file five this soft link to dig deep and I'll see the same contents.

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And this because this file is simply link to this file.

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Let's no read the contents of file 636, do you.

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Let's again we'd only frost line and I see the first line in this file remained unchanged.

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This because file six is gloppy of file file.

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The text still not its link.

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All right.

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Let's again, at least files and folders here.

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And let's not delete a file.

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Five batiks deep.

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R.

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M file.

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Five days steam and less list files and folders again.

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And now I see that there is still this link here in this list.

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But if I tried to read it, got to file five.

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Best of to take Steve.

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I'll see error.

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No such file or directory.

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And doesn't because file five destination file for this link was actually removed.

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All right.

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Let's not simply remove this soft link.

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Our M file five soft link, and this file is not absolute.

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All right, let's not green card link for file six, but the extreme for that, we will use the same

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comment.

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L.

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N.

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But now, without any options.

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L m here will be a file name.

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Name of the original file.

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File six.

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Dot the extreme.

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And here will the name of the hard link.

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Let's say file six.

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This hard link dot the extreme anthem.

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Let's list files and folders now.

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And now I see newly created file file six.

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This card Linda takes Steve.

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And those files have same permissions, same size and same modification date.

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List, no, try to modify file six to dig steam nano file seeks to dig steam.

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And here, let's again add some changes here on the frost line.

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And Link was just modified.

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Like, so let's say it changes.

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Yes.

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And now let's have a look at the contents of this folder.

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And I see that file.

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Seek's was modified, but a file six hard link was modified as well.

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You'll see the same modification time.

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And if I read contents of file things, the text now and contents of file six hard Linda to external,

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they will be exactly the same.

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Let's do it.

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Let's use again.

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Had this.

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And one file six under the extreme.

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I see this first line in this file similar to X2 and Liz did the same with the huddling file six Sandesh

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huddling and I see same line.

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And that means that now those files both reflect same change.

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And the reason for that is that they point to the same I note in memory.

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Let's go back to Alexander's Elle comment and add additional option.

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I that will show us.

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I know.

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No.

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And this I know number is the same for those most files.

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And finally, let's try to remove one of those files and see Wells or another file will remain in place

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or not.

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And let's remove a file since the dig still.

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Our M file seeks to dig steam.

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Unless and I don't see five or six to this day here in this list.

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But I still see file six.

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How Linda digs do.

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Here it is.

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And now let's again with contents of this file, had the dish and one file, six hard link, and we

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see that it still has same contents.

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That's because I know it was the same number as we have seen here.

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You still present in memory of.

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This is what happens when you remove one of the hard links, all remaining killings will still have

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the same content as before.

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But there's a difference between hard and soft links.

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And again, you could use them if you will simply need to have a specific file or files or folders in

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different locations.

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This all guys, for this lecture.

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I hope you enjoyed it.

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And next, let me explain you how to use a find comment.

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I'll see you next.

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Bye bye.