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OK, everybody.

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It is finally time for our first project, so let's get into it.

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So we are making a Tic TAC toe game.

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If you dont know what Tic TAC Toe is.

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You can Google it.

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Or of course, you can't click on this because the video, but you can go to this link and read the

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Wikipedia post about it.

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But I'll give you a general overview of what it is.

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It is a three by three grid, so we're talking three three rows like this and three columns like this,

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and it has two players, so one player is in charge of drawing.

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X is on the grid and another player is in charge of going 0s.

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The players take turns choosing X's and O's spots to draw them.

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And the first player to connect three of those X's or O's in a row column of diagonal wins.

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So.

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Let's say player one is XS and Player two is 0s here, player one has one because they have a column

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that has three XS.

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This would also be a valid winning column.

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This would also be a valid winning column.

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So these three columns.

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Here's a diagonal where player one whose XS wins.

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This is also a valid diagonal that they could win with.

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Here is an example of a valid row when from player to is O's, right?

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So this rule would be valid too in this row would be valid too.

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All right.

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So some things that you will need to use, you will need to use either a 2D array or an array of strings.

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So there is a way to do this with just a one dimensional array, but that is not the way that we are

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going to implement it.

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We you should be using a 2D array ordinary of strings.

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This can be a dynamic 2D array or a static 2D array, so that is, you know, a non dynamic 2D array.

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You should definitely use a while loop and possibly for loops.

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You should also definitely have conditional statements like if else, if and else.

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You also should definitely have user input and some output, some things that you should use, but you

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don't have to use.

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I highly recommend using functions because we learn how to use functions, and they will make the program

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much nicer and more professional.

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You should really use functions.

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I will explain a little bit about what these functions might have or what they might be about on the

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next slide.

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Also, I am app, you should use the set W function that we learned about so you can have nice clean

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output.

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It's not necessary 100 percent, but I think you really should use it because it's good practice some

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things to help you get started.

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We haven't really talked about passing a raise to function, so I'd like to point out some stuff here.

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I have an example function called void my func.

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You do not have to have a void function in your program.

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I'm just using it as an example.

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You can use whatever type of function you want.

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The point is to focus on this between the parentheses in each one of these.

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This right here is an array of characters as a parameter.

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This is whether it's dynamic or not.

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You can still use this syntax.

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OK.

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This is a 2D array of characters as a parameter.

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So this is a non dynamic, so it would be like a stack one non dynamically allocated, not a heap.

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One is just a static array 2D array of chars, right?

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This is a way that you can pass that.

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Here's the second dimension that I'm putting here.

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So you put the second dimension as three.

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You can use this.

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There's some other ways that you can pass these arrays, but I'm just mentioning a few ways.

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This is an array of strings rather than chars, and you notice I'm using a Stevie Colon colon here because

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this would be the case that you didn't use the standard namespace if you are using namespace STD.

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You do not need this, of course, but it's the same thing as this right here.

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It just has a string, right?

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So it's an array of strings as a parameter in case you want to do your program that way.

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This is how you could pass it to a function.

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And then we have the dynamic 2D array that we talked about already, so we did an array of pointers

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that point to other arrays, if that's a parameter in one of your functions, you can do it like this.

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It's Cha star star.

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So it's kind of a double pointer thing and you notice there's no square brackets here.

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These are not, and I repeat, not all of the ways that you can pass a raise, but one of the really

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important things to know about this is that all of these are not being passed by value.

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They are all able to be modified.

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So when you modify an array and here it's not modifying a copy, it's modifying the original array and

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all of these examples, OK?

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I'm not necessarily claiming that this is called this is called passing by reference because technically

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there are other ways that you can have pass the arrays, and it might be more realistic in a more realistic

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example of passing by reference, but they can all be modified.

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They are not passing a copy by value.

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OK?

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Some other things that might help you a dual loop or a value is useful for input for the row and column.

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So when they're choosing the spot to put their X URL, using conditional statements is huge and pivotal.

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As well as that Boolean with that to check whether someone's won yet.

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So we're talking about scanning the rows, columns and diagonals.

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That is something that might be useful in a function, OK?

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So you might want some function that checks the game board, which is your array or 2D array or whatever

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you using for the game board.

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You want to check all the rows, columns and diagonals to see if anyone has one yet, and you're only

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going to need to do that repeatedly, right?

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Also, make sure to check whether a spot is already taken.

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So if someone if there's already an X at row two, column two, for example, and then the player tries

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to put another X or URL at row two column two, you should say that spot is not available or that's

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invalid.

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And then you should ask them to try again and keep asking for them to try again until they enter something

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that is a valid spot.

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You also should not let them like enter something on like row eight or something because there is no

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row eight, it's a three by three grid.

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OK, so let's go ahead and look at how the gameplay should look.

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I'm not going to show you my code, but I will show you how the final game should look in the console.

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So let's head over here, so I'm going to go ahead and run it.

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I've already compiled it.

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We have a nice welcome message here, so put a welcome message however you like this says welcome to

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the game of Tic TAC Toe.

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I also offer the option to quit, and what I say is you can enter zero four row if you want to quit.

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That might seem interesting, because isn't this like rose zero?

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Isn't that a valid row?

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Well, yes, in your array, it starts at index zero, but I want the player to see the first row as

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row one.

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So I will just modify the user's input to make it be row zero if they enter row one.

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If you get when you get what I'm saying, so it's.

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Really rose zero in code, but the user should think of it as row one row, two or three.

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Column one, column two, column three and that's how they should type the numbers for the input row

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and column.

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All right.

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So I say you can enter a zero if you want to quit.

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So if I enter a zero, it immediately stops the program.

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All right, so I'm going to run it again.

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Let's go ahead and look at some valid wins.

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All right.

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I start out saying it's X's turn, so my game just says that the first person to go is Player X.

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You do not have to put Player X, you could put player one or whatever, but you're going to need to

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put X's and O's on the board.

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Next thing is to show the current game board.

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Each time someone plays a move, you need to re display the game board and show what spots are available

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and where the X's and O's are.

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Here I have hyphens to show the empty spots.

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You do not have to use hyphens, but I thought it would be a nice way to show the empty spots.

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I'm going to put row one column one, and now I'm going to see that it says it's O's turn, and it shows

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the current game board now has an X on row one column one.

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So what if I go ahead and enter something that's invalid?

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Let's check that out, like I enter row seven and column seven.

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That's an invalid choice, so it asks the user to to choose again.

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Even if I enter a valid row but are not valid column, it still asks me or invalid row, but valid column

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still ask me.

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And if I press zero, it would quit still.

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So let me continue on, though, and make a valid win.

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So let's put one one and then I'll put one three.

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I'll put to one and then I'll put it three, three, four, oh, and then I'll put three one four x

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and you notice it says X when?

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Because there's three XS in a column right here.

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What I also put is that the game was won after five turns one two three four five.

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So you should also display how many turns it took to win the game.

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And I mean, like, combine terms between both players.

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Let's go ahead and check another valid one.

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All right.

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So what if I want to do a diagonal and have O's win this time?

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So I say one one, four x, but then I say one three four oh three three, four x.

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I say two to four.

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Oh, and then maybe one to four x and then a final move.

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Here, I'm going to put an O and have this one.

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So I say three and one.

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And now you see, there's diagonal O's.

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It says 0s when and it says Game one after six turns, we have one two three four five six turns that

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were played, and that's why the game was won after six terms.

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So I'm going to clear and run again, and I want to show you also what happens when there is a tie.

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So you also need to be able to tell if nobody won right, which you can consider like a draw or a stalemate.

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You can call it whatever you want, but you need to say when that happens.

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So I'm going to go ahead and make that happen to show you what you should display in that case.

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So if I do like something like this.

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And maybe a three to one is, oh, but then let's say to three is X, and then everyone to me is, Oh.

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And then I could say like.

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Three one is X and three to oh, and then one two is X.

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You notice that no one got three in a row here.

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And it says that the game ended in a draw.

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You can put whatever you like here.

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You could say that it's like a stalemate or something like that, but you need to print some message

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when the game, when all the spaces spaces have been played and yet nobody won.

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So a little hint they're all in the spaces have been played.

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Specifically, all nine spaces have been taken up.

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Yet there are no winning like columns, diagonals or rows.

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All right, so that's another little hint there.

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So that's pretty much it for this game.

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What I want to say, another thing I want to say is I'm going to post a solution, my solution to it.

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There are many solutions that you could do that I tried to make a simple one that wasn't too complex,

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so you'd be able to look at it and understand.

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However, I'm not a person sure I'm going to make a video walkthrough of it because most of the projects

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will just have me posting a solution code.

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In fact, we may not even have like descriptive videos for the projects, some of the projects.

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I just give you a text description description because that's very important for you to be able to read

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a document and then understand how to do a project off of a document.

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So we'll have that as well.

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The main point I want to get across, though, is please, please do not go look at the solution right

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off the bat.

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In fact, do not look at the solution until you have completely exhausted every single thing you could

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do on your own.

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OK?

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Because it's huge is pivotal for you to do that, because if you do not, you're not going to get nearly

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as much out of this course and you're not going to be able to learn nearly as well.

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If you look at solutions, OK?

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And that's just not my solution.

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Do not go online and just search up Tic TAC toe game or something like that and then just see how someone

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else did it and copy paste.

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Even just looking at it and seeing how they solved it too early on is really not helping you at all.

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You should really focus on it, even if it's really hard.

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It's meant to be hard.

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It might be a struggle.

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It might take you a very long time to be able to figure this out.

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But the point is to not give up if you need to look up syntax things on Stack Overflow or some other

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form, like how do I pass this to a function?

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How do I do this conditional thing that I forgot about?

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How do I use X thing or whatever in the in C++?

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You can totally look up all that or go back to the course that.

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Discourse and some of the videos that we've gone over so far, and you could, you know, if you can't

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find it there.

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Of course, then you can go, look it up elsewhere, but do not look up answers.

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That's all I'm saying.

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Like, do not look up.

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How to do Tic TAC toe game before you have completely exhausted all of your options.

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All right, so with that, I will be seeing you in the next video.

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I will go ahead and post some solution.

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It will most likely be in some type of zip folder or something that I include.

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Or maybe I'll have a link to it.

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I'm not sure yet, but good luck with the project and I will see you in the next lecture.