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OK, welcome back, everybody.

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So this is our program that we just recently wrote that uses a two dimensional dynamic array to store

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our multiplication table in this lecture.

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We are just going to be kind of formatting the output better because the problem with the last lecture

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or at least the problem with the output that we had in the last lecture was that it was a little messy

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when we kind of started increasing our table size, right?

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So we're going to discuss something in C++ that can format the output that prints to the console.

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We're just going to discuss one function that comes from another library where you can manipulate the

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input and output streams.

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So it's going to be a pretty straightforward lecture.

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Not a lot of new stuff.

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I was going to introduce a nother way to make it two dimensional dynamic array.

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It's actually a better way, but I feel like that is probably too overwhelming right now.

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Shouldn't introduce like multiple ways right off the bat.

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I think later on we can get into that because I just I don't want people to be confused with just having

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so much input on the dynamic arrays so fast.

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So we'll go ahead and use this.

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It's totally fine.

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For right now, there is a way that takes up a little bit less memory.

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And we can discuss that in the near future, but I think that I would like to use this dynamic array

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for the first project, this style.

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And so that's what you're going to be using.

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We will have that either in the next lecture or the lecture after will be discussing the project.

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But in this lecture audience, let's just go over how to fix our output.

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So let's see what the problem actually was originally.

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So I'm just going to make sure that I have this current version saved and then I'm going to go ahead

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and compile it.

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And let's go ahead and run it and put a specific table size here.

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So I'll go ahead and just say, like table size eight or something like that.

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So you notice that it kind of has like this, you know, offset spacing and stuff.

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It just doesn't look very clean.

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It's just leaning kind of this way over here.

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And so there's a way that we can fix that.

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It actually is another library we're going to include.

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And just like I o stream, it's going to be about input and output streams, but it's actually going

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to be called Io minute.

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So that is probably standing for what you think it is, which is manipulation.

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So input output manipulation.

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And we're only going to discuss one function that comes from this part of the standard template library

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and that is going to be the set W, which stands for set width.

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So it just looks like this.

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It's set W and then we're going to put our little parentheses here since it's a function and it's not

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a method or member function where we put a dot before it.

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It's just a function like this similar to like get line or something like that.

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And then we're going to put one argument to this function.

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And that argument is going to be the minimum number of spaces that we expect our output variable to

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consume.

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And what is our output?

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It's really this right here.

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So we're printing out an integer, right?

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We're getting that integer from this kind of double indexing the multiplication table, right?

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Because it's a 2D array.

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But this piece of output is going to be now affected by this right here, and we need to say how many

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characters at minimum we expect the output to consume.

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So here you notice, we just have to write.

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And the problem is that we have this mixture of like one number and then we have these two numbers,

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so notice that our output here looks fine in the beginning, columns right zeros are aligned.

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This two three four five six seven is aligned right here.

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So, you know, and then these are aligned up to here.

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And then what happens, unfortunately, is that since these are double digits, they kind of push everything

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to the side.

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And we don't want that.

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So what we're going to say is we're going to set the width to be two characters for right now.

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And that expects there to basically always be two characters, so if you have one digit, it's going

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to just move it over.

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For example, we have a 12 over here and nine right here, right?

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It's just going to move the nine over.

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Not really move the nine over.

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What it'll do is it's actually, yeah, it will move the nine over.

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Sorry, so remove the nine over to the two position here.

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And so they'll be nice and a line because it expects a width of two.

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So let's go ahead and see what that looks like if we just add this.

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So remember, all I did was just include this Eyoma nib from the stereotypical library.

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And then I went ahead and added, This w right here, so I'm going to save this.

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I'll do a little clear and then PowerShell here, compile it.

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I'm going to run it.

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And let's do.

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Let's just say, yeah, we'll do seven.

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And you notice that it's looking pretty nice now.

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So it's not all like pushed over, it's actually aligned pretty nice, and you notice now this nine

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here is aligned with this two on the 12 and then at the 12 wasn't like pushed over like this and affecting

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all the rest of the output on the row.

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So let's go ahead and run this again now, though, and I'm going to put something that will cause us

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to get into three digit numbers, so hundreds, right?

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So let me do something like 12 a table of size 12.

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So you notice that there still is a little bit of an issue here like this is not formatted so nicely,

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this stuff right here.

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And that's because we just set the width for an expected consumption of two characters two spaces.

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But now, since we're dealing with three digit numbers, we're going to have to up that.

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So if I change this to three and save it.

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And then I compile it, and then I read it again.

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And I'm going to put 12 now you notice that it looks pretty nice, so I'm going to go ahead and scroll

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up a bit so we can see this.

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So now you notice everything is looking pretty good.

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You notice they added some extra space here.

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That is because we're expecting a minimum consumption of three character spaces.

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So when?

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When we have, you know, this is basically pushed over three spaces, then from here we have three

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spaces.

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So that's why you're seeing some additional space between these beginning columns.

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But what it does is it makes it possible for us to still align a three digit number with just a single

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digit number here as well.

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So it looks nice and clean.

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And of course, if you got into the the numbers in the thousands, you would want to set this to four.

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And right now, I just have a single space separating these numbers, but you can kind of modify that

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to look however you'd like.

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I think this looks clean, though.

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All right, so a pretty short lecture.

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That's all I was going to go over today.

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This is actually one of multiple things that can be used from this i o minute right here.

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But I'm not going to go into other stuff, I just want you to know how to use, said W. or set with

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so you can use it for the upcoming project, which we are about to get into.

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Now that is going to be our Tic-Tac-Toe game.

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You're going to need to output a variable size Tic TAC toe board.

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And you're going to want to know how to make it look nice and clean for the output, so this is something

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that you're probably going to end up needing to use.

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So with that, I will go ahead and see you in the next lecture.