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OK, so let's continue on with our discussions about functions and how they work.

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This is part two of us talking about functions.

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So first off, we are going to do a practice problem, and this might take a while.

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You can take as long as you'd like.

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We're stepping things up a bit.

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So things in the course are about to get a little bit harder on a little bit harder to understand what's

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going to push you to try and challenge you to solve more difficult problems.

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And this one might be significantly more challenging than the previous problems that you've encountered.

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So I will go ahead and read the description.

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I might give a few hints.

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And then, of course, I will.

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As always, I will go over a solution.

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There are multiple solutions, but I will go over my solution for the problem.

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So without further ado, make a program that reads the three words which are going to be strings.

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Each word is a string.

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So three words from user input.

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The program should then find the sum of the decimal values of each character in the string and in talking

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about each string for each one of the strings.

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So that's what this means.

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Basically, you're going to sum up all of the decimal values when I say decimal values, think back

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to that SCIRI, the ASCII table.

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So remember there are numeric integer values for each character, so there's multiple characters that

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make up a string, right?

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Each one of those characters has an ASCII decimal value.

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That can be gotten by indexing a string in a particular position to get the character, so remember

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back to those lectures, if you need to head back to those lectures, go ahead and go to those lectures

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when I tell you to pause the video so you can refresh yourself on these concepts.

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But we are referring to the ASCII table and talk about this.

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You're summing up all of those decimal value, so each no value that goes with each character, you

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will add those together for the whole string and that will give you a sum for that particular string,

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except you must do this for each one of the strings.

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And then what you should do after computing the sum for each one of the three strings, you should print

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out the string that has the biggest sum, as well as the sum itself.

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All right.

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So the sum that goes along with the string and the string that has the biggest.

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So here's an example I run this program.

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I call it func p.

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So it asks for three words, right?

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And says entire word and press enter.

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And so I enter ball and then same thing as a cat.

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And then I say zebra.

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And it says the string with the largest, some string with largest thumb is the zebra with a sum of

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five hundred thirty two.

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So this 532 comes from adding up the decimal values of each one of the characters.

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So when you have a character, you can actually add it to an integer and like, let's say you have an

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integer, the zero, if you add.

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A character to it, that integer will now hold the decimal value of that character.

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OK, so go ahead and pause the video and see if you can solve this problem.

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It is, like I said, quite quite a difficult problem, except you have all the tools that you need

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to solve the problem.

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So with that, I will give you a few hints of things that you might or might not want to use.

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But something that you should definitely use is a function because we're trying to practice practice

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functions, OK?

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So you should be using functions at least tests have one function.

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You don't have to have multiple functions because we haven't talked about using multiple functions yet.

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It's really the same thing.

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You could just do the same thing we've learned multiple times, so it's not any harder to make another

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function.

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But I'm not expecting you to do that.

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You can just make one function.

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You also are going to probably want to use a loop or even potentially multiple loops.

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You may or may not want to use an array you don't have to, but you could.

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You are probably also going to want to use a conditional statement or multiple conditional statements.

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Multiple are not needed, you can use one, but it can also be done by using multiple conditional statements

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so you can just use an air for you can use an IS if LCF and else multiple combinations of those things.

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So there's a few ways to do it, but I do.

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I recommend that you think about using a for loop.

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Definitely using a function because we're trying to practice functions and probably using a conditional

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statement as well.

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Also keeping track of a total kind of variable for the sum, right?

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Remember those accumulator variables that we were talking about where you add to them and you can keep

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track of a sum?

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Also, think about updating a variable variable, right?

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So.

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You might want to make a variable that can be overwritten with a new value.

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OK, so those are my hints, so if if you weren't able to figure it out without the hints, go ahead

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and try and figure that out now.

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And then I will go ahead and go over.

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One of many potential solutions.

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So let's head over to the editor to look at a solution.

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So I'm going to head into Visual Studio here.

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So let's check this out.

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I, of course, still have this wrist injury on, so I typed it out already.

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I won't keep doing this.

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I do have some videos already recorded where I do type stuff out along with me explaining it.

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I believe that's a better way to do it.

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But right now I just type too slow, so I am going to just go over the code that I've already written.

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So I went ahead and made a function here.

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I called it get some.

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Its purpose is just to get the sum of whatever word is passed to it.

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I'm gonna go ahead and put a comment here for that.

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So I'm just going to say gets some of the perimeter word and I'm going to say some of the character

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tests or values.

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Someone put a comment there to show what it does.

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So let's leave this function alone for a second, you might have already kind of understood what was

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going on here, but I'm going to start down with main because that's where we're kind of starting.

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So what I did first was I declared a variable string for a word, and this is representing each one

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of the words I'm going to read into, except I'm going my plan was to overwrite the word.

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Over and over, just use one variable, she'll see how I do that down here, and this is the second.

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I also make a variable called larger string because we care about printing out the largest string,

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right?

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I made a variable called sum.

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That way, I can record the sum coming from the function that I want to do the sum calculation for a

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given word.

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And then I make a largest variable, and I started out with the value of zero.

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So I declare this variable in initialize it with the value of zero.

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I do that because I want to be zero is basically the smallest value, and my goal with this variable

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is to keep track of the largest thing as we encounter new words and new sums.

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This variables purpose is to be able to compare the new sum that we have to see if it's larger than

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the previous.

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If so, it will update it right?

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So keeping track of a maximum value?

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That's what this is for.

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I chose to do a for loop to be able to cycle through the entering of each word so it would see in over

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and over again for exactly three times because the problem statement says that the user should enter

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three words.

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That's why I started zero and go for I less than three, so I will be zero, then one, then two, and

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then it will stop once it is three, so it won't run for the third time.

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So it will have three iterations, so this year out just says enter word and press enter, then what

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I do is I read in a string.

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Basically, it's doing C in into this string variable I created, so it'll take everything that it sees

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up until whitespace the first whitespace character.

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And then what happens is I call to get some and pass it the string variable.

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So let's head up there.

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Let's not pay attention to this quite yet, although you probably know what's going on here.

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This will get cold.

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So I pass the word that just got injured to the user to this function.

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So let's head up here.

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Here's the variable.

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So what I do here is I make a new variable.

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Call it some assert equal to zero to start out with as an initialization.

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I loop for the length of the word because it's a string, right, so I do string the the word variable

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length for the length function, and I say, let's go as long as it's less than length, because remember,

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the last character is the word length minus one.

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That's why I say, let's go as long as it's less than the word length.

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I started zero so we can still capture position zero and I do an A-plus plus, so we're incrementing.

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Then what I do is I use this plus equal operator.

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So remember, this could also be some equal sum plus word index I use.

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The word index I hear is that we're trying to grab each character.

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Of the word that was passed to the function.

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And add it to are some variable, it's kind of like another total, we keep accumulating things to it.

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So it's like, this is that accumulator variable I'm talking about.

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It starts off as zero, let's say, for example, we have the word car.

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I'm going to find the well, I'm not going to find C++ will find the ASCII decimal value of C and add

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it to this integer.

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It sees that this is an integer and it's going to add the integer representation of the character C

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to some.

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So it will be zero plus whatever the value is of C, we will go back for a second iteration.

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So now I, as one one, is still less than the length of the car cars three, right?

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That's the length.

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So then we grab position one of car, which is a right.

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I'm using this car example again.

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Here I can write it out for you.

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Like this?

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Now we're on the A.

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So we get the value of a and we add it to some.

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Same thing we go back again now as to it still is less than the length of the word because of the length

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of the word is three.

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Now we add the decimal value of our to our sum, we go back up.

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Now I is three is the same as the length.

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We don't do anything else.

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We have ourselves.

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We return the sum, right?

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So let's head back down now that we have our sum, so we come back to here.

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The value is here.

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We then store the value in this other some variable that is local to the scope of the main function.

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This is not the same as this in memory.

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This sum right here is local to the scope of this function, so only this function gets knows about

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this variable.

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Maine is the only function out of two of these that knows about this variable.

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So despite the fact that they have the same name, C++ doesn't see it that way.

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It sees them as totally separate variables, except now they will have the same value, right?

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This sum was calculated here.

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It was passed back down to where we called the function.

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So it's right here and then we took that value and stored it in this other some variable.

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Then what we do is we have an if statement.

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The statement asks the question is some greater than largest?

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So it's a condition, right?

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If this is true, if some is greater than largest, then we will run the code in here.

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Well, what is the largest?

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Largest is zero.

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So far, we haven't changed it.

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This is our first iteration through this for a loop.

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I is zero.

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We have read in this one first word, we've only encountered one word so far.

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And we're asking if the some of that word is greater than zero.

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Well, if we entered anything for the word, it's going to be greater than zero, right?

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Because every character has a value greater than zero.

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Every character in the alphabet has a value greater than zero.

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You can look at the ASCII table for that.

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So, yes, some will most likely be greater than largest if we entered car.

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It definitely will be greater than largest.

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So this condition will be true then.

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So what do we do?

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We say largest is no longer zero.

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It's now we'll hold the value of some.

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Why are we doing this, because we're keeping track of the largest thing?

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Each time we find something bigger, we overwrite our largest variable with that biggest thing that

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we just found.

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So that's what we do largest is now going to hold the some of the characters of car.

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We also know that since we found the largest sum so far, that means that the current word that we just

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looked at is the biggest word so far.

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So what we do is we update our string, our largest string variable.

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This variable keeps track of the largest words so far by largest word.

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We don't mean necessarily length, although a longer word normally leads to a bigger sum.

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But what we're really saying is the sum of the characters, the number right, the number was larger.

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So therefore we should now update the largest string to have this word.

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And this word is the actual word that we've sent just recently, right in this iteration of the Loop,

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that was the word that now has the largest sum if we entered here.

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We record the largest word.

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We record that words sum.

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These are the current largest things.

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We do this for each one of the words, if we find that the next word after car has a bigger sum, then

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this will be true once again and we will update it.

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We will overwrite.

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These some four car with the sum for this new word.

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We will also overwrite.

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The largest string, which previously contained car now is going to contain this latest word that we

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looked at.

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So hopefully that makes sense.

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I'm trying to explain it as clearly as possible.

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I tried to do this in a somewhat efficient manner.

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You may have to have a totally different approach to this.

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It could have involved a lot more conditional statements.

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It may have not involved a loop right here.

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It may have only had a loop right here.

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It may have somehow had no loops and it was just like totally hardcoded saying that's fine as long as

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you solved it.

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That's great.

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If you didn't solve it, don't worry.

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Just like I say every time, this was actually a really hard one.

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So this is like an extra hard one this time.

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So if you surprised it, if you saw that, I'm actually really surprised and I give you ultra props

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for solving, this is how I did it.

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You do not have to do it like this, but I wanted to show you this way of doing it.

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Of course, once we're done going through all three words by using this for loop, we now have them

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stored and we have the answers stored in this variable and this variable.

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So therefore we have a see out statement that prints both of these variables because they both have

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the answers.

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OK, so hopefully that was enough of an explanation for you.

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So like I said, if you did it a different way, that's totally fine.

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Just wanted to show you this way.

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So you had a solution in case you didn't figure it out.

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And also to show you a different way of doing it if you did it one of those other ways.

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So let's head back to the presentation.