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OK.

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Hello, everybody.

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Welcome to another lecture.

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Today's lecture is going to be the big one.

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We are going to write our first C++ program.

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It's also going to be a lecture that kind of combines the first time we are going to use the vs code

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lightweight text editor.

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So whatever lightweight text editor that you might want to use, this video is kind of going to be about

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that as well.

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And it's going to be a Windows kind of themed version rather than Linux or Mac, but we're going to

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try and cover all of those.

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Don't worry, there will be a video for your operating system and the type of editor you want to use.

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We're going to cover.

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I think I'm reiterating this, but it will be kind of we'll go over a lightweight text editor like VSCO.

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We will go over a big, robust all the bells and whistles, integrated development environment like

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sea lion.

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And then we will also go over command line based editors like them.

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So we'll go over those three things so you can code C++ in whatever environment you want.

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If you are watching this video right now and you do not have a C++ compiler installed, please go back

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in.

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Yes, this is only if you're on windows.

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If you do not have a C++ compiler installed, please go back and watch my men GW installation video

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where I tell you how to install a C++ compiler called Manjhi W, which is the minimum new compiler collection

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for Windows.

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And make sure you get up to speed on that.

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So you have something because we are going to need a compiler to compile and run our C++ program today.

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So love talking and not doing.

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Let me get started.

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I'm going to click on this code here.

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If you don't have your text editor pinned to the taskbar, just find it and open it up.

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So I'm going to go up here to file and new file, so I don't have this untitled one.

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We get rid of that, and I'm going to click select a language and say this up here.

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And I'm going to go down here and choose C++.

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The reason I did that is because text editors actually have a great feature.

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Pretty much all of them where they color code the syntax for C++.

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So when you're typing code, the differences and the keywords and things that you are typing will lead

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to it being color different, and that makes it very nice and readable.

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And I think that you'll probably enjoy a certain color schemes better than others.

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And in the future, I might show you how to adjust those color schemes and things to your liking.

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So another thing I want to say is that this is going to have a ton of information, I know I kind of

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said that before, but this video is just going to drop all kinds of stuff right off the bat, which

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is not something I want to do, but it's something we got to do.

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We need to have some type of basic program just to show you that C++ can do something.

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And later, we're going to go into all of the pieces of this program that we write today.

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So the things that I say today, just take it with a grain of salt, but know that everything that I

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write down here is kind of like what you need to get the most basic program up and running, and that

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is going to be the ever so cliche Hello World program.

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Some of you might have heard about that if you've done any other coding in any other language before.

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Most of the time, the first program that everyone makes is something called Hello World, where it

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just prints those words Hello world to a console.

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So we are going to have a console here.

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A console is just basically something at the bottom of the screen that shows the output of a program.

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It might also include errors that get output it if there is a problem with the compilation process or

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a runtime error or something like that.

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So, yeah, that's what a console is.

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We're going to be using the term run all the integrated Terminal four vs code for that later on.

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But first off, let's write our code right.

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So I'm going to give a brief explanation of each line in this code, but it's going to be like a very

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kind of abstracted explanation, a very high level view explanation of what is really going on.

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So if there's some of you out there that already know about this stuff a little bit, yet you're still

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watching this video and you're just like, Oh, that's not true what you said, it's a lot more to it

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than that then.

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Yeah, you know, I'm just kind of explaining it in a super layman's terms way, just so you can have

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a general idea of why the heck, we're writing so much code just to print the words Hello world.

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So with that, let me get started.

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I'm going to put this hashtag symbol here, and I'm going to write the word include.

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And then a less than sign, then the word I'll stream and a closing sign here.

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So I had the less than sign than a greater than sign here.

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To close it.

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So what is this?

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Well, all you need to know about this right now is that it's including something, right and it has

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a hashtag.

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You need to put a hashtag before you add the word include in C++.

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And what is it including in our program is including something called extreme before these less than

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greater than science?

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What is extreme extreme is basically a toolbox that lets us use some things to print stuff to the console,

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which is what we want to do, right?

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We want to print the words Hello world to the console.

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It stands for input output stream, and we will be using a lot of streams later on in the course not

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just input output stream, but file streams as well.

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Where we put stuff in files, we write stuff to files and read stuff from files.

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So just a little heads up on that.

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That's what we're going to be doing later with some streams.

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Very common thing.

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You almost always want to include this in your program.

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As you'll see, it helps a lot with certain types of debugging and caching errors and stuff.

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So the next thing that I am a type is not necessary to make the program work, but I'm going to type

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it anyways because it lets us write a little bit less code.

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I'm going to say using namespace STD.

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And for those experienced C++ developers that have still maybe gotten the course just to go over some

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algorithms or something.

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This is something I'm just introducing to let people know kind of what it is, we'll be using this namespace

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hosted a little bit in the course, but I know that a lot of C++ developers do not like to put this

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in their code and for good reason, but we'll go over that later right now.

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Just put it in your code if you are just starting out and do not know what all of this already is.

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So the next thing that I'm going to do is put it, which stands for integer like a number like two or

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five or 100 and then main with some parentheses.

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And then I'm going to put one curly brace, but it's going to make two curly braces for me because the

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editor is cool like that.

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This right here is me defining a function, the function is called main, and this functions thing that

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it does could be really anything.

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It could be whatever we put in between these curly braces.

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But whatever you put before, the name of the function is what the function returns.

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So we're going to get into all of this stuff later.

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We'll talk a lot about functions, but I just want to give a basic explanation.

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When the function returns something, it just means that it's like giving you back something.

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You might give it something in that would go in between these parentheses, actually, but we're not

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going to do that right now.

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I'm going to go in between the curly braces and press the enter key that's going to, like, separate

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them nicely and then I can put what I want the function to do here in C++.

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We have to make this main function to be able to do some stuff right now.

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We could maybe in another programming language only have like one line of code to be able to do what

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we want to do right now, but C++ is a little more complex and so we have to write all the stuff.

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So now I'm going to use a tool from this little toolbox here.

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And it is something called See Out, which just stands for outputting to the console console out is

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what you can think of it as not only do I have to put that, but I have to put this thing called the

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output operator.

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It's like the output stream operator, it's going to be two of these little less than science.

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And then after that, I put whatever I want to be printed out to the console.

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So we want hello world, right?

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So I put hello world after this, I'm going to put another two of these a little less than science.

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So another one of these output stream operators, because I don't only want it to just print Hello World,

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I also want it to move to the next line.

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So to do that, I'm going to put in the line.

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So Intel is what you do for line.

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And in C++, you for pretty much all of your statements, you will be putting in a semicolon after that.

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Sorry, I didn't explain that when I did the using namespace STD.

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But that is something that you're going to put at most at the end of most, all of your statements.

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You notice there's not one at the end of the function.

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That's an exception.

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So we have this CEO Hello World now, and then like I said, functions return things.

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This returns an integer and it's kind of a convention in C++ to return to zero.

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We do not have to do that.

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I'm just putting it here.

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I will go into this in much more detail later on why we have the return zero.

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What really is the main function right now?

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You should just know.

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The only thing you really need to know is that main is a special name for a function.

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C++ recognizes this specific name of this function, and it is like a special function that kind of

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like the entry point to our program.

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We will be getting lunch into greater detail, like I keep saying on all of this later, but this is

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just a basic explanation of why we had to put this stuff here.

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We need a function to be able to print something out and we need to return something from the function.

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Well, we don't need to, but it's a convention that I'll get into much more later on.

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So this is actually kind of complete now.

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This is the bare minimum that we're going to be able to do to make this whole world happen.

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So with that, what do we do now?

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We wrote our code.

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You remember what we talked about in the previous lectures.

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So once you write your code in some sort of file, then you need to use the compiler to compile the

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code.

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And once the compiler compiles the code, then you can run the code.

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So that's what we're going to do now.

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But before we do that, we're going to have to save our files.

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So what I'm going to do is I'm going to go to file save as I am in this folder, Dylan, right here.

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I'm just going to call this.

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I'm going to make a folder called Hello World.

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Or actually, it looks at the file.

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I'm going to call the file Hello, world that, but I'm not going to need the extension because they

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already are.

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It's in the same as typed right here.

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They to have the extension here.

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What I am going to do, though, is I'm actually going to make a new folder, so I'm going to go here

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and I'm going to say new folder and just right clicked, and I'm just going to say this call this first

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program.

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All right.

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And I'm going to save our file and here you can save it wherever you would like.

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Actually, I am just choosing to make this directory, so I have like a clean directory here.

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And so I have my file name here.

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Here's the extension I'm going to say save and it's going to save our file.

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Then you notice now that it's saved here and it actually shows the path that it was saved in.

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So we have a C drive users still in first programs, the folder we made and then our file Hello World

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Dot CPP.

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I think I mentioned in the previous lecture, but the Dot CPP stands for C++.

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It is an extension, a file extension similar to like dot text.

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Things like that dot doc x, that good stuff.

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So that's what the CPP stands for.

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We will see that later on.

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There are additional extensions for C++ program files.

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So right now, though, we're just doing the CPP file.

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So now we need to compile it since I am on a Windows machine and I'm in this code.

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I am going to use this integrated terminal.

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So I'm going to go up here and say new terminal.

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And that brings up this thing down here, which is kind of what you can think of as the console.

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This is actually not just a console, though, it is a true terminal.

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It's like a command prompt or you can type commands in here, and that's what we're going to do in here

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as well.

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If you have an integrated development environment that you are doing this tutorial with, like Sea Lion,

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it's basically going to be kind of at the bottom of your screen.

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Remember that we will go over how to do everything at Sea Lion.

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So if you're following this tutorial and it's not really making sense to you, then maybe just kind

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of skip ahead to the one where we do it in sea lion.

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So we will also be going over this, you know, using the standard command prompt in terminal and using

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an editor in there, in which case I will be using a bash shell, a more Linux style shell that will

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have similar commands to like if you are on Mac.

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So, yeah, just wanted to say that.

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So what do we do now?

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We got this terminal?

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I am not assuming that any of you know how to navigate through the terminal.

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If you do, that's a great go to your file and then compile it and run it if you know how to compile

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it.

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If not, just go to the location of the file and wait there until I get there.

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For the people that don't know about how to do that.

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I'm going to introduce some commands.

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First off, notice that this path appears, says C Drive users Dylan first program Hello World.

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We are here, though C Drive users doing so.

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We're in this first part.

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This is the location that we are in.

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We need to navigate to here where our program is, right?

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So how do we do that?

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We are going to use a command called C, which stands for Change Directory.

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After that, you need to type the name of the directory and it has to be a directory that is in this

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current folder that you're in.

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So what we are going to do is type first program because we noticed that this is the path, right?

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First program is inside of Dillon.

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Dillon is inside of users.

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Users are inside, inside of C Drive.

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So the first program is located in the current directory that we are in.

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We noticed that the right most thing on this line is Dylan.

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And we know that first program is inside of Dylan because it comes directly after Dylan up here.

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So you can also double check this by just seeing if it can recognize it, so I started typing.

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First program f i r s, then I stop right here, I'm going to press the tab key.

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And you notice that it recognized it and completed it and also put the path around it.

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So the Dot says current directory, that's what that means.

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Then inside the current directory that you're in.

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It puts a little slash here and says, OK, first program, that's the directory.

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And then it puts another slash here.

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So this whole line is going to take us into first program.

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So I press enter.

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Notice what it says over here on our prompt now it says C users Dylan first program.

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Now we are inside of the first program directory that we created, and we know that this is to the right

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of first program.

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That means that Hello World is in first program.

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Now I'm going to show you a way to see what is inside of the directory that you are in in here and that

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is using the L.

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S Command L.

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S stands for list and it will show you all of the other folders and files stored inside of the directory

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or in since first program.

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It will show us all of the folders and files that are inside of the first program directory.

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So I type that and we notice there is this.

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Hello, World Cup right here.

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You see this right here.

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Hello, World Cup.

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So what I am going to do now is compile this.

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So remember this command and this is just to kind of reiterate if you don't have a C++ compiler on your

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Windows machine yet, please go back and watch the C++ compiler.

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VIDEO For Windows, where I install many GW on windows, then come back to this point.

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So I use G Plus Plus Dash Dash version.

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This tells us that we for sure have the G Plus Plus package from GW so we can compile C++ code.

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All I have to do is G Plus Plus and then a space and then the name of our file, which is Hello World.

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So I start typing hello and then what I'm going to do is press tab again, just like we did before you

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notice that it nicely completes that for us.

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It doesn't autocomplete.

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And that is because we are inside the directory that has hello world and it recognized it and finished

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it for us when we press tab.

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Once I press enter, what will happen is that the C++ compiler will go through the code in here and

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it will turn it into something that the machine, which is our computer, can understand.

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That way, we can run it.

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I press enter.

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We don't see any output here.

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So that's a good thing.

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If you saw some stuff pop up, most likely you have errors.

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So don't worry, don't panic.

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Go back up to where you wrote the code and make sure that it matches exactly what I have here, and

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then try and run this same command again down here in the terminal.

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So let's see what happened to you that we're going to use another less because what should have happened

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is that the compiler should have generated an executable file which would have a dot e e extension instead

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of the Dot CPP.

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So if all was good, we should see both our Hello World Dot CPP code file, as well as the Dot XY executable

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file, which is the file that we will run to get our output.

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That is the C++ file that's been turned into something that can run on windows and is understood by

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the computer.

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So with that, I type else I press.

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Enter.

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Voila!

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Look at this.

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We have hello world dot CPP, but then we have a dot ICSI.

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OK, we might get why it says XY, but why that a.

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Well, the reason it says Ada XY is because we did not specify anything in here except to just compile.

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This program that we wrote the CP file, but we never told the compiler what we wanted the executable

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file to be named, and we can do that when you don't do that and you just do D Plus Plus and then a

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space and then the file name with the Dot CP extension.

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It just automatically defaults to calling the thing a dot XY.

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If you are on windows, or it might call it a dot out, depending on what other machine you are on or

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something else.

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But what we can actually do is instead.

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We can call it we can call it something else.

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So I have this a key, which is fine and it will run fine.

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But maybe I want to call it something else.

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I'm going to show you another command right now that you should be extremely careful with.

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Do not use this command on anything but something you are sure you do not want to ever see again.

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It is the remove command.

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And it is done with an R M. Sometimes the computer, the operating system will protect you from deleting

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things that you really shouldn't be messing around with, but not all the time.

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You don't really know.

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You might accidentally delete something that you really don't want to delete, so just be careful with

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this.

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But I am going to do rim in a and then a dot, and then I'm a press tab.

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And then we know that since it tab this out and completed it, that we are going to be deleting just

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the ADX e file I press enter.

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Now I'm going to take a look again to see what is in the directory, and we notice it is no longer there.

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There is no ETA.

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At this point, I'm going to do another G Plus Plus, but I'm going to do my hello world and then I'm

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going to do a dash.

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Oh, and that means that I want to specify I'm going to name the output file.

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And what do I want to call it?

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I think I want to call it.

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Hello, Dot VXI.

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So if I run this, it will compile.

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Then it says, Oh, you would like to name an output file because you put a hyphen o, which is also

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like a flag.

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You know, this is something you can refer to as a flag as well.

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And I'd put Hello XY afterwards because that tells the compiler what I want to name this output file,

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so I press enter.

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No problems there, so that's good, I type else again to see what happened, and here and there we

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go, we have a program called hello rather than a.

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Now what we can do is we can run this program by doing a dot and then a slash like this, and then I

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start typing Hello.

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And I press tab and we see hello.

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Now I press enter.

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And look what it does while it printed the words hello and a world to the console.

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So just to prove that it's actually doing the stuff that we wanted to do and it's printing whatever,

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it's not just some magical program that only does.

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Hello, world, no matter what you write in code here.

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Let's go ahead and change this.

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I'm going to change this to Dylan.

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And now I change this, it says to unsaved.

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So what am I going to do?

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I'm going to file save and now I am actually going to compile this again and I can.

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You notice that this is changing here.

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That's because I'm pressing up on the keyboard.

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So if I press up, it goes back to the previous command that I did.

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If I press up again, it goes before that.

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I press up again, it goes before that.

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And so that's a nice way to kind of backtrack in your history of what you've typed in the terminal,

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the commands you've ran actually in the terminal.

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And now I can just press enter.

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I don't have to retype this whole thing.

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I press enter and nothing happens, so we should be good to go.

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Now I'm going to press up again and up again, and you notice that it's the same command I used right

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here to run it.

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Hello.

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See, when I put the dot slash before it, and I'm going to press that, enter again.

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And while I look, it changed it to Hello Dylan, now.

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So that kind of shows you that whatever we put in between here is going to print out to the console.

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Something else that I did not really mention.

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I just kind of typed it where these quotations here.

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You must use these quotations for right now if you just want to make some more programs that print out

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different stuff.

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Make sure to use the quote, the double quotes right now.

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This is something called a string right here, and we're going to be getting into that in the near future.

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Like I said, this is the first video we're going to take like a huge step backwards and start talking

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about all these little pieces of C++.

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This is a lot and we're not going to be like necessarily.

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Using this type of program over and over and just explaining what we're going to do is take a big step

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back and learn about data types and all kinds of stuff.

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This was just to like, say, Hey, you can read program in C++ that print something out just so it

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felt like you actually knew how to write a program instead of just going over a ton of theory right

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away, which will take a huge step back and we'll go over the theory before the next program, we write.

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OK, so hopefully this was a fun lecture for you and that you feel pretty cool if this is the first

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program you wrote.

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You wrote some code, you know how to write a program now.

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You technically can write a program that prints any text to the council now because you could put anything

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in here between these double quotes.

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And it is going to print it to the council.

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I can just smash the keyboard and put a ton of stuff here.

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Like this?

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Go here.

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I can save it.

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I can go here and press the up to compile it again.

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I can go up here to run it, run it again and look, it just prints all of that stuff that I typed here.

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So maybe not the most amazing program of all time, but still pretty cool, right?

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If it's your first program.

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So congratulations on getting just this far, even you have learned how to write a program in C++ in

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the next lectures, we are going to be going over some other editors.

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We're going to take a huge step back and we are going to go over some data types and stuff like that.

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But.

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Till then, go ahead and practice just typing some things in here, if you repeat this code, just you

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clicking the keys and doing it, even though you're not so sure what all of this really means, it will

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still help you, but we are going to go.

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Way back and start at the very basics now and explain all the really fundamental concepts, OK?

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With that, I will see you in the next lecture.