WEBVTT 00:00.560 --> 00:04.190 Okay, guys, let's build an actual feature. 00:04.250 --> 00:08.480 Now, I know that we've been quite slow with building features. 00:08.480 --> 00:15.770 We've been mostly focusing on building up the boilerplate, the backbone of our app. 00:16.010 --> 00:17.450 It's time to change that. 00:17.450 --> 00:25.910 So in the home controller, we're gonna build a feature that will display the recent blog posts sorted 00:25.910 --> 00:28.130 by the creation date. 00:28.310 --> 00:30.590 We've got all the building blocks. 00:30.590 --> 00:34.070 First, let's get rid of this user creation. 00:34.070 --> 00:37.730 We're gonna be rendering using the same template. 00:37.970 --> 00:43.760 The data will be different here and what the data would be. 00:43.760 --> 00:48.800 So I'd like to fetch some posts using the post model. 00:48.800 --> 00:58.100 And I just want to get some recent blog posts so we don't have such method. 00:58.700 --> 01:03.230 I'd like to get five blog posts, we need to create it. 01:03.260 --> 01:08.660 So the concept of our models is similar to models in Laravel. 01:08.750 --> 01:16.580 If you need some special methods, some special queries, then you create them yourself. 01:16.790 --> 01:26.360 Otherwise, for basic stuff like getting all the records or one specific record, we've got ready methods. 01:27.080 --> 01:34.280 Now we can also think about this and maybe create a common method, but it's up to us. 01:35.180 --> 01:42.770 So we need get resent with the optional counter of how many of those that we want. 01:42.800 --> 01:45.230 So let's jump to the post model. 01:45.230 --> 01:53.420 So it will have all the methods that model offers and we can add more. 01:53.900 --> 01:56.870 So let's add this static method. 01:59.290 --> 02:03.070 That's get resent and it accepts a limit. 02:03.220 --> 02:04.930 I'm going to make it mandatory. 02:04.930 --> 02:08.290 So it's a little bit easier for us. 02:09.250 --> 02:14.470 We are getting the database using APT get database. 02:15.100 --> 02:17.440 Now we can help ourselves. 02:17.530 --> 02:21.430 Okay maybe let me first make sure we've got a use statement. 02:21.490 --> 02:29.470 We can help ourselves temporarily because the problem is we don't really get the method suggestions 02:29.500 --> 02:31.150 as you see right here. 02:31.660 --> 02:38.740 So we can optionally add a doc block here, which is just a PHP comment that starts with two asterisks 02:38.860 --> 02:42.850 so that IDs can have some type hinting. 02:43.960 --> 02:52.420 We need to add the var symbol and then come up with the namespace that's called database and the variable 02:52.450 --> 02:54.160 name is db. 02:54.520 --> 02:59.560 Then you might get some suggestions on the methods that you would like to use. 02:59.650 --> 03:04.630 So we are just getting the access to the database from container. 03:04.780 --> 03:08.980 And I'd like to run the fetch all method. 03:08.980 --> 03:12.760 That's just a method of the database class. 03:13.150 --> 03:18.490 And I need to come up with the SQL and with the parameters. 03:19.660 --> 03:22.540 Let's just write SQL right here. 03:23.440 --> 03:28.120 So we would need to select and we want to select everything. 03:28.120 --> 03:32.950 And we want to select everything from posts table. 03:33.010 --> 03:39.370 Or alternatively to make it more universal we might copy and paste at some place. 03:39.700 --> 03:43.300 I might just use the current table name. 03:43.300 --> 03:47.530 Then to order items I'm gonna use order by. 03:47.560 --> 03:52.210 That's just an SQL statement to order by specific column. 03:52.360 --> 03:57.270 And I want to order by Createdat in Descending order. 03:57.270 --> 04:02.400 So newest first and since we have this limit parameter let's use it. 04:02.400 --> 04:08.430 So I will limit how many records we're going to receive by adding this SQL limit keyword. 04:09.030 --> 04:12.960 There goes the parameters or just one parameter. 04:12.990 --> 04:16.500 I'm using the question mark, not a named parameters. 04:16.590 --> 04:18.870 That would be just simpler for us. 04:19.050 --> 04:22.380 And there I'm passing this limit integer. 04:23.460 --> 04:25.020 And there it is. 04:25.020 --> 04:29.460 So that's actually everything that we need. 04:31.020 --> 04:33.060 Finally let's just return that. 04:33.060 --> 04:37.020 Now that's a method of a database class. 04:37.020 --> 04:44.880 And I'm not sure if we would not have to adjust that because for some reason I went with PDF fetch object 04:44.880 --> 04:45.990 in this case. 04:46.590 --> 04:52.440 So I think that we might just go and see what do we get back. 04:52.920 --> 04:59.400 For now, let me just vardump the result of posts and die. 04:59.970 --> 05:07.440 Then just make sure your development server is running at a specific address and let's see that. 05:07.440 --> 05:08.340 So. 05:08.370 --> 05:09.000 Mhm. 05:09.030 --> 05:16.080 Okay so we've got the results that we get an array. 05:16.080 --> 05:21.450 And every single record seems to be an object. 05:21.660 --> 05:26.070 But this object is of the STD class. 05:26.070 --> 05:30.870 Not really our model not what we expected. 05:31.380 --> 05:38.760 So I think that we would prefer to have this as our own classes. 05:38.760 --> 05:47.790 So every single record should be of type post, not of type STD class, which is the default type of 05:47.790 --> 05:49.230 an object in PHP. 05:49.260 --> 05:54.480 If you don't have a specific class, you know what? 05:54.530 --> 05:57.080 Now, when I went back to the database. 05:57.260 --> 06:03.890 PHP file I think we might be having to change some of those methods here. 06:03.890 --> 06:05.960 For example, the fetch all. 06:05.960 --> 06:08.570 Let's find all the references to it. 06:09.200 --> 06:10.640 So that's the declaration. 06:10.640 --> 06:13.070 And it's only used once. 06:13.460 --> 06:16.910 That's the most recent method in the post model. 06:17.720 --> 06:21.080 What about the fetch method from the database mind. 06:21.110 --> 06:22.640 Not the model. 06:23.420 --> 06:26.120 It's not even used even once. 06:26.120 --> 06:30.650 And additionally, we are fetching them as objects here. 06:30.680 --> 06:33.050 Maybe that's not ideal. 06:33.560 --> 06:41.060 So I think we might simplify everything because additionally inside the model we've got this create 06:41.060 --> 06:42.500 from array method. 06:43.040 --> 06:51.470 And we might actually just go ahead and try to use fetch class and just specify the class we want to 06:51.500 --> 06:52.370 be used. 06:52.400 --> 06:57.200 Maybe we would be able to just remove this method altogether. 06:58.130 --> 06:59.480 So let's try this. 06:59.480 --> 07:01.850 I would go about that this way. 07:01.850 --> 07:11.660 So let's get a nullable argument called class name that also is default to null. 07:13.880 --> 07:18.110 And we're still going to get an array of classes. 07:20.000 --> 07:23.330 And let's do the same with fetch. 07:23.930 --> 07:26.660 We're also going to have a nullable class. 07:26.660 --> 07:33.260 And the fetch can return well mixed value. 07:33.260 --> 07:37.370 So let's go with mixed here as well. 07:39.380 --> 07:43.400 And what we would do right now is first. 07:46.850 --> 08:00.850 We would create a statement and Depending on whether the class name is specified or not, we would either. 08:02.860 --> 08:04.090 That's a wrong name. 08:04.090 --> 08:05.080 It's statement. 08:05.110 --> 08:06.790 So statement. 08:07.600 --> 08:17.410 So if the class name is defined we'd like to use fetch class and pass the actual class name. 08:18.880 --> 08:22.480 If it is not defined. 08:25.000 --> 08:28.300 Instead I'd like to do fetch all. 08:28.330 --> 08:34.840 But this time let me just get an associative array. 08:34.990 --> 08:43.030 That way we've got a method that's much more generic and can be used in different circumstances. 08:45.400 --> 08:50.050 Let's do the same in this method. 08:50.050 --> 08:51.100 So. 08:51.970 --> 08:54.820 first let's create a statement. 08:58.030 --> 09:06.670 Then based on whether the class name was provided we're going to go with statement. 09:10.750 --> 09:14.890 Fetch class passing the class name. 09:16.750 --> 09:25.450 And otherwise we're going to just default to fetching using the associative array. 09:26.290 --> 09:30.640 That way I think those methods would be much more usable. 09:30.640 --> 09:37.330 And by the way, we will greatly simplify the model class. 09:37.360 --> 09:37.870 Okay. 09:37.900 --> 09:43.030 Now quickly let's jump to model and we can burn this method. 09:44.170 --> 09:54.830 And then for defined we just grab the database instead of doing query, we're just going to do fetch. 09:59.090 --> 10:04.190 To which we pass the SQL, we pass the parameters and we pass the class name. 10:04.190 --> 10:07.730 This would be static class. 10:07.730 --> 10:16.760 So the class name can be figured out later on when this model class is extended and we can just remove 10:16.760 --> 10:19.100 this line code gets simpler. 10:20.450 --> 10:23.870 Let's just return this now. 10:23.870 --> 10:30.680 In the case of all methods as well, we can just return that. 10:30.710 --> 10:33.380 Get rid of this line. 10:35.030 --> 10:36.560 We're going to call fetch. 10:36.590 --> 10:39.770 All this line is gone. 10:40.610 --> 10:43.670 Let's see if there are any parameters with fetch all. 10:43.790 --> 10:46.190 So we optionally can have parameters. 10:46.190 --> 10:48.200 So we pass an empty array. 10:49.950 --> 10:55.350 And also we are passing the static class name. 10:57.030 --> 10:59.100 We have simplified the model class. 10:59.100 --> 11:06.420 Now let's jump to post where we can also use fetch all from the database. 11:06.420 --> 11:09.210 And also we can pass the class name. 11:09.210 --> 11:19.500 So I can do static class and I should get an array of objects of this specific post class. 11:19.590 --> 11:22.890 So we had to do some changes and adjustments. 11:22.890 --> 11:26.220 But that's actually a pretty normal thing. 11:26.370 --> 11:29.550 When you develop the apps you figure out some things. 11:29.550 --> 11:35.700 Maybe you forgot about something, or maybe you can just remove some code and make things simpler. 11:35.700 --> 11:39.690 I really like to do that, and to be honest, that's good. 11:39.690 --> 11:44.940 If you can remove some code, this means your app can be simpler. 11:45.150 --> 11:50.460 So now we have a base method that we can easily reuse. 11:50.490 --> 11:53.610 Now let's see what would be the output. 11:56.130 --> 11:58.350 So we've got an error. 11:58.650 --> 12:00.450 That's actually a notice. 12:00.450 --> 12:04.410 But we don't distinguish between notices and errors. 12:04.410 --> 12:06.630 And I think it's a good thing. 12:06.750 --> 12:08.850 We shouldn't really ignore notices. 12:08.850 --> 12:12.750 They often mean that something is really wrong. 12:12.780 --> 12:18.960 So I've mentioned that you shouldn't be setting properties on classes dynamically. 12:18.960 --> 12:27.780 It was deprecated since PHP 8.2 and this is where we can read here that creating of dynamic properties 12:27.810 --> 12:32.400 is deprecated, and there are two ways around that. 12:32.430 --> 12:36.480 One is to mark a specific class with an attribute. 12:37.560 --> 12:46.970 So from the PHP docs usage of dynamic properties, it is deprecated to create dynamic properties, But 12:46.970 --> 12:55.010 you can mark them with this special attribute and allow that it's only allowed to have dynamic properties 12:55.010 --> 12:56.570 on STD class. 12:56.570 --> 12:59.660 So this base type of all objects. 13:02.240 --> 13:09.620 I think that the best thing we can do, or the thing that at least I would do, is just to define the 13:09.620 --> 13:13.010 fields, the columns on every single model. 13:13.730 --> 13:17.630 So we always know what do we have and what is available. 13:17.630 --> 13:26.180 So I can do ID, user ID, the title, the content. 13:27.380 --> 13:34.730 I think we also have the views and we should have created AD. 13:34.970 --> 13:42.680 So the benefits of declaring all the columns is that we get the suggestions and type hinting every time 13:42.680 --> 13:44.390 we use this post model. 13:44.420 --> 13:46.310 I think that would be great. 13:47.690 --> 13:56.150 Now this is our app and we seem to be getting an array of objects of our post class. 13:56.150 --> 13:58.400 Maybe let me zoom in a little bit. 13:58.490 --> 14:01.850 That's exactly what we expect. 14:03.890 --> 14:14.810 Okay, so now let's jump back to the home controller and let me pass those posts. 14:16.880 --> 14:17.960 To the view. 14:18.860 --> 14:21.140 So we only got three in the database. 14:21.140 --> 14:24.170 But maybe we can generate more later on. 14:25.190 --> 14:29.000 And now we should modify the view. 14:29.000 --> 14:34.370 So this home index well it's displaying some kind of a message. 14:34.400 --> 14:41.150 Let's change this to just list the titles of those blog posts. 14:42.890 --> 14:50.140 So this would be a quick one Let's say something like welcome to my blog. 14:50.980 --> 15:01.570 Might zoom in a little bit, then we're gonna display the recent posts, and now we've got some template 15:01.570 --> 15:04.810 code we do for each recent posts. 15:04.810 --> 15:08.110 Or maybe I've just called this variable posts. 15:08.110 --> 15:09.880 I think that was it. 15:09.880 --> 15:11.920 So post as post. 15:12.070 --> 15:21.160 Then we need to close for each by using and for each and inside it. 15:21.160 --> 15:24.880 Maybe we can use article for every single one. 15:25.120 --> 15:27.700 Let's add an h3 element. 15:28.630 --> 15:32.710 I think this might be a link to the actual post in the future. 15:35.290 --> 15:46.450 So in here we're just going to use HTML special chars, and we're going to grab the post title. 15:48.310 --> 15:48.730 Okay. 15:48.730 --> 15:51.640 And right below let's add a paragraph. 15:51.670 --> 15:53.830 Let me copy paste that to be quicker. 15:53.830 --> 15:56.410 And I'm just going to display a content. 15:56.410 --> 16:00.280 But maybe not the whole content, just the part of it. 16:00.520 --> 16:05.590 Let's use the substring function passing the content. 16:05.590 --> 16:11.680 We're going to start at the first character and only get maybe first 150 characters. 16:11.860 --> 16:20.110 So then we're going to add three dots, meaning that there is more content after we save the changes 16:20.110 --> 16:28.270 and we jump to this page and I zoom out, it seems we've got everything displayed properly. 16:28.660 --> 16:30.100 Looks really fine. 16:30.340 --> 16:34.900 Okay, so the final thing I wanted to do is to change the style of this page. 16:34.900 --> 16:39.520 Just the fonts to look like this a little nicer, like a newspaper. 16:39.550 --> 16:46.890 So let's jump to the style CSS file and find this body definition. 16:47.970 --> 16:52.110 I think it should be somewhere at the start. 16:52.140 --> 16:53.070 There it is. 16:53.100 --> 16:56.340 And let me add the font family. 16:56.340 --> 17:03.720 And in VSCode I get a suggestion with such list and go with Cumbria. 17:05.520 --> 17:09.960 I think some of those fonts should be available on your system as well. 17:09.960 --> 17:11.670 Let me save the changes. 17:13.290 --> 17:14.220 And there it is. 17:14.220 --> 17:18.900 So those are the most recent posts on our website. 17:18.930 --> 17:27.060 Now in the future, we're gonna have the paginated list of posts on this posts page and a lot more features. 17:27.060 --> 17:28.950 But we are just starting. 17:28.950 --> 17:32.220 I think we did great and the page looks perfect. 17:32.220 --> 17:40.140 And by the way, we have really optimized some of the code we've created earlier, reusing things we've 17:40.140 --> 17:41.070 done before.