WEBVTT 00:00.290 --> 00:02.510 So let's start building the project. 00:02.510 --> 00:08.810 The first choice that we have to make is what, to begin with, the list of things that we need to include 00:08.810 --> 00:17.390 in the project might look long and intimidating, but we are going to approach everything step by step, 00:17.390 --> 00:22.700 and I'm going to guide you through the process so you don't need to feel intimidated. 00:22.700 --> 00:29.030 So I think that the first sensible step to begin with is to start with routing. 00:29.030 --> 00:36.680 Now, obviously, I'm not going to go through every single topic in detail because I'd like us to see 00:36.680 --> 00:39.980 the effects of what we do as soon as possible. 00:39.980 --> 00:47.540 So we are going to implement enough routing so that we can get to work with something else. 00:47.540 --> 00:51.440 So let's remind ourselves, what do we mean by routing? 00:51.440 --> 00:52.970 I'm going to zoom in now. 00:52.970 --> 01:00.110 We need this main file, the front controller, the entry point to our application that can distribute 01:00.110 --> 01:08.810 the traffic to different PHP files that we can call route handlers depending on the request method. 01:08.810 --> 01:17.120 Thus either get or post and the URL like slash contact or post slash contact or slash guestbook. 01:17.510 --> 01:22.910 Let's jump to the code editor and start implementing this right away. 01:23.660 --> 01:27.410 So let's start by creating the public folder. 01:27.410 --> 01:34.820 And another one it would be called includes, and it will contain all the common libraries that we have 01:34.850 --> 01:35.990 for our app. 01:36.020 --> 01:42.680 Now inside the public folder we create the front controller, the entry point to our app the index.php 01:42.680 --> 01:43.250 file. 01:43.280 --> 01:46.190 Now I'd like to use strict types. 01:46.190 --> 01:52.850 That's why I begin by adding declare strict types equals one. 01:54.170 --> 01:57.920 So this index file is the entry point of our app. 01:57.950 --> 02:04.430 Now every single request coming to our application will go through this specific index.php file. 02:04.430 --> 02:09.020 So maybe this is a good place to start a session. 02:09.200 --> 02:14.660 So let me start the session because we're gonna be relying on sessions in here. 02:14.690 --> 02:23.900 Another thing that we can do here is we can define some constants, like the directory names, the absolute 02:23.900 --> 02:29.000 paths to all the directories that we're going to use inside the app. 02:29.000 --> 02:31.850 Like what is the root directory. 02:31.850 --> 02:39.920 The templates directory and includes directory so that later on we won't have to add relative paths 02:39.920 --> 02:43.520 to those directories, which might be cumbersome. 02:43.520 --> 02:47.810 So let me define the first one the includes directory. 02:47.810 --> 02:56.810 And in PHP we've got this underscore underscore dir constant which will always contain the actual directory. 02:56.810 --> 02:59.390 In this case this would be the public directory. 02:59.390 --> 03:08.330 And I concatenate that with slash two dots which means go one directory up. 03:08.330 --> 03:14.480 So here we're going to be in the root directory and slash includes. 03:14.510 --> 03:21.740 Now, this constant would be available in every single PHP file of our project, because I've declared 03:21.740 --> 03:28.730 that in the index PHP file, which would then include all subsequent route handlers. 03:29.750 --> 03:34.040 So now let's add the file that will contain the routing logic. 03:34.040 --> 03:39.440 Let's call this router PHP and create this file inside the includes folder. 03:39.470 --> 03:43.280 Let me add the PHP tag and go back to the front controller. 03:43.310 --> 03:47.450 Now that I have this includes directory defined as a constant. 03:47.450 --> 03:51.770 I can simply include this file by using require. 03:51.800 --> 04:00.290 Once right after I start the session I can use this includes directory and pass the router. 04:00.560 --> 04:00.920 PHP. 04:01.220 --> 04:09.290 Now the next thing that we should do here is to handle the request by calling some function of the router. 04:09.290 --> 04:11.720 So that means we need to jump to the router. 04:11.900 --> 04:12.260 PHP. 04:12.260 --> 04:16.870 And here we're gonna be creating the logic that is handling the routing. 04:16.870 --> 04:20.320 First let's add the strict type declaration. 04:20.320 --> 04:23.500 So it needs to be in every single PHP file. 04:24.370 --> 04:25.780 So that's the first thing. 04:25.780 --> 04:28.390 Now let me create the function. 04:28.390 --> 04:30.580 So I'm going to call it dispatch. 04:30.610 --> 04:36.400 As we are dispatching the request to a specific department that knows how to handle it. 04:36.430 --> 04:37.450 It makes sense. 04:37.450 --> 04:39.790 And I'd like it to have two arguments. 04:39.790 --> 04:41.680 The first is the URI. 04:41.710 --> 04:45.640 So that's the part of the URL without the domain. 04:45.640 --> 04:47.920 So we know where someone needs to go. 04:47.950 --> 04:49.540 Where do we send this guy. 04:49.540 --> 04:52.510 And another thing that we need is the method. 04:52.510 --> 04:56.680 This means that those two values would have to be passed to this function. 04:56.680 --> 04:59.020 It doesn't return any value. 04:59.860 --> 05:05.830 And this is because this function is returning the response from our script. 05:05.830 --> 05:08.470 It won't be consumed by PHP anymore. 05:08.470 --> 05:11.680 So the return type here does not matter. 05:11.710 --> 05:16.210 Now let me list the things that need to happen in this dispatch function. 05:16.210 --> 05:25.270 First off, we need to normalize Allies, the URI, and this is because we need to match it to a file 05:25.300 --> 05:27.040 name that we're going to have. 05:27.040 --> 05:28.540 Let me give you an example. 05:28.540 --> 05:34.630 If someone will go to this URI and we'll use the Get method. 05:34.630 --> 05:36.250 So that's the default method. 05:36.250 --> 05:41.680 When you just visit a page in a browser, we need a way to match it to a file name. 05:41.680 --> 05:46.930 And we're going to keep this route handlers inside the routes directory. 05:46.930 --> 05:52.180 And there must be a file that will be called guestbook underscore. 05:52.210 --> 05:57.910 Get PHP and we need those two parts guestbook to match. 05:57.910 --> 06:03.820 And in PHP you might remember that the case of the letters matter. 06:03.820 --> 06:11.290 So this is not a complex thing, but we just need to make sure that we are able to find this file. 06:13.180 --> 06:20.440 Now the second thing we need to make sure that we support the given HTTP method because there is more 06:20.440 --> 06:28.300 than just get and post, you've got put, patch, delete, etc. and we support only those two. 06:28.330 --> 06:34.240 So if the method is different we just return 404. 06:34.240 --> 06:37.030 So not found not supported. 06:37.210 --> 06:44.770 The third step is converting the URI and the method to the actual file path. 06:45.220 --> 06:47.380 The PHP file path. 06:47.380 --> 06:52.300 The route handler that we are about to include here so it can handle the request. 06:52.300 --> 06:57.910 And then the fourth step is to check if this file exists. 06:58.480 --> 07:03.730 If not, we return 404 that the page wasn't found. 07:06.040 --> 07:14.650 And if it exists then handle the route by including the PHP file. 07:14.650 --> 07:15.430 And that's it. 07:15.430 --> 07:18.190 That's all the things that we have to do. 07:19.060 --> 07:25.750 So at this point, let's just take a short break and we're going to go back and in the next video implement 07:25.750 --> 07:28.000 all those five steps.