WEBVTT 00:00.380 --> 00:02.720 Next up, let's talk about the data types. 00:02.750 --> 00:05.000 Remember that all that you can see here. 00:05.000 --> 00:07.790 You can also download under this video. 00:07.820 --> 00:11.570 Let me zoom in a bit and start with the scalar types. 00:11.570 --> 00:12.890 The simple types. 00:12.890 --> 00:15.230 So that's an integer for example. 00:15.230 --> 00:22.820 So the whole numbers the floats for floating point numbers strings and booleans which basically hold 00:22.820 --> 00:24.980 a true or false value. 00:25.010 --> 00:27.980 Then we've got the compound types. 00:27.980 --> 00:30.830 This would be an array and object. 00:30.920 --> 00:36.140 So with arrays we've got indexed arrays where you just have items in the array. 00:36.140 --> 00:41.690 And there are indexed with the next numbers starting always with zero. 00:41.690 --> 00:48.710 And then there is an associative array where under a specific key you've got some value. 00:48.740 --> 00:52.610 This is similar to map types in other languages. 00:52.640 --> 00:59.930 You can also have nested arrays which is a multi-dimensional array, which means that you can have an 00:59.930 --> 01:01.940 array inside an array. 01:03.170 --> 01:09.050 So PHP also supports objects which are created based on classes. 01:09.050 --> 01:12.860 We're going to cover objects in depth later on. 01:13.700 --> 01:20.450 Next up you should know about special types in PHP like null, which just means an empty value. 01:20.450 --> 01:27.380 And this null is same like in other programming languages like JavaScript for example. 01:27.410 --> 01:33.110 Then there is the resource type, which is often something returned when you work with files. 01:33.140 --> 01:39.440 Next up, let's read a little about the behavior of types in PHP. 01:39.440 --> 01:43.550 So you should know that there is something called implicit types. 01:43.550 --> 01:50.990 So if you define a variable, you don't explicitly have to define, or you can't even define the type 01:50.990 --> 01:54.350 of this variable, it is implicitly assumed. 01:54.380 --> 02:00.890 Now, I'm not saying there is no way to define explicit types in PHP, because there is a way and you 02:00.890 --> 02:03.830 can add explicit types to function arguments. 02:03.860 --> 02:06.140 Return types and class fields. 02:06.140 --> 02:12.470 But we're going to only learn about those later on, so I just leave it for later. 02:12.470 --> 02:17.720 So if you use variables then they are typed implicitly. 02:17.720 --> 02:21.230 In this case A would just be an integer. 02:21.260 --> 02:23.600 But you can cast types. 02:23.600 --> 02:28.070 So you can cast this a variable which in this case has a value of. 02:28.070 --> 02:30.160 Well that depends how you read that. 02:30.190 --> 02:38.800 You can read this as 55, but this can also be read as character five, followed by character five. 02:38.800 --> 02:43.000 And if you use the casting operator to integer. 02:43.030 --> 02:45.790 Every type has its own casting operator. 02:45.820 --> 02:48.460 This would be converted to an integer. 02:48.460 --> 02:51.700 In this case this would result in 55. 02:51.730 --> 02:58.930 Next up you should know about the type coercion, which is automatic casting to another type. 02:58.930 --> 03:04.300 So if you would like to compare the string five with a number five. 03:04.300 --> 03:13.000 So two values or two expressions that are of different type and you use the comparison operator for 03:13.030 --> 03:22.150 that, then five as a string would be implicitly casted to integer just for this comparison to be run. 03:22.300 --> 03:30.880 Next up there is strict and weak typing, so we can add a declaration that would enforce the types more 03:30.880 --> 03:31.690 strictly. 03:31.690 --> 03:33.280 That's for later. 03:33.280 --> 03:41.110 And as I've said previously, you can also in certain cases define the explicit types like for example, 03:41.110 --> 03:43.720 function arguments can be typed.