1 00:00:02,040 --> 00:00:02,943 Now, let's evolve 2 00:00:02,943 --> 00:00:06,283 this very simple first API a little bit. 3 00:00:07,360 --> 00:00:11,070 For this, I'll first of all add a different folder structure 4 00:00:11,070 --> 00:00:13,630 even though for this simple API, 5 00:00:13,630 --> 00:00:15,860 we, of course, wouldn't need that. 6 00:00:15,860 --> 00:00:18,050 But I wanna show that you still build it 7 00:00:18,050 --> 00:00:20,470 as all the other websites you learned about 8 00:00:20,470 --> 00:00:22,230 throughout this course 9 00:00:22,230 --> 00:00:25,360 just with different data that's being sent back 10 00:00:25,360 --> 00:00:26,563 with the response. 11 00:00:27,400 --> 00:00:29,450 Hence I'll add a controllers folder 12 00:00:29,450 --> 00:00:32,000 and a models folder. 13 00:00:32,000 --> 00:00:33,580 And I'll add a data folder 14 00:00:33,580 --> 00:00:35,740 with this database.js file, 15 00:00:35,740 --> 00:00:39,143 which I will soon use for connecting to the database. 16 00:00:40,140 --> 00:00:43,250 And I will also add a routes folder. 17 00:00:43,250 --> 00:00:44,420 In that routes folder, 18 00:00:44,420 --> 00:00:48,070 I'll add a quotes.routes.js file. 19 00:00:48,070 --> 00:00:49,560 In the controllers folder, 20 00:00:49,560 --> 00:00:53,960 I'll add a quotes.controller.js file. 21 00:00:53,960 --> 00:00:55,710 And in the models folder, 22 00:00:55,710 --> 00:00:59,670 I'll add a quote.model.js file. 23 00:00:59,670 --> 00:01:01,700 Again, this is all overkill 24 00:01:01,700 --> 00:01:03,743 but it makes for a great demo. 25 00:01:05,040 --> 00:01:07,490 Now, let's start in the routes file. 26 00:01:07,490 --> 00:01:11,460 There, as before, I, of course, wanna import express 27 00:01:11,460 --> 00:01:16,460 by requiring express here like this. 28 00:01:16,460 --> 00:01:18,550 And then get access to the router 29 00:01:18,550 --> 00:01:21,420 by calling express.Router 30 00:01:21,420 --> 00:01:24,283 as we did it many times before in this course. 31 00:01:25,160 --> 00:01:28,750 And of course, we also wanna export this router in the end 32 00:01:28,750 --> 00:01:31,090 but in between, we wanna configure it 33 00:01:31,090 --> 00:01:34,280 and, for example, add our get route here. 34 00:01:34,280 --> 00:01:37,490 This one get route for /quote 35 00:01:37,490 --> 00:01:41,660 or if we load these routes such that /quote 36 00:01:41,660 --> 00:01:45,410 is already set as a prefix and filter in app.js, 37 00:01:45,410 --> 00:01:48,000 we can have just slash here, 38 00:01:48,000 --> 00:01:50,083 and then point at our controller. 39 00:01:51,170 --> 00:01:54,000 And then to show you what I mean with that prefix, 40 00:01:54,000 --> 00:01:58,190 in app.js, we can, of course, include our routes. 41 00:01:58,190 --> 00:02:01,190 So here I can add my quoteRoutes 42 00:02:01,190 --> 00:02:06,190 by requiring ./routes/quote.routes like this. 43 00:02:07,830 --> 00:02:11,780 And then instead of registering this route here like that, 44 00:02:11,780 --> 00:02:14,000 we can use app.use 45 00:02:14,000 --> 00:02:17,360 and then add /routes as a prefix here, 46 00:02:17,360 --> 00:02:19,763 and as you learned, this will act as a filter. 47 00:02:20,750 --> 00:02:23,830 And it will then be removed from the path thereafter 48 00:02:23,830 --> 00:02:27,910 and then matching requests with that prefix removed 49 00:02:27,910 --> 00:02:30,540 from there path will be forwarded 50 00:02:30,540 --> 00:02:32,630 to the middleware we specify here. 51 00:02:32,630 --> 00:02:35,360 In this case, to our quoteRoutes config 52 00:02:35,360 --> 00:02:37,570 where the router will then check 53 00:02:37,570 --> 00:02:41,310 which route best fits this incoming request. 54 00:02:41,310 --> 00:02:43,530 And here, of course, we only have one route, 55 00:02:43,530 --> 00:02:46,743 so if that doesn't fit, no route will handle this. 56 00:02:48,170 --> 00:02:51,160 So that's this first step here. 57 00:02:51,160 --> 00:02:53,710 Now we can add the quotes.controller 58 00:02:53,710 --> 00:02:56,330 or add some functions to it to be precise. 59 00:02:56,330 --> 00:03:01,330 For example, the getRandomQuote function, 60 00:03:01,470 --> 00:03:04,220 which will be a middleware in the end, 61 00:03:04,220 --> 00:03:06,940 as all controller actions are. 62 00:03:06,940 --> 00:03:11,940 And hence here we get request, response and next as always. 63 00:03:13,210 --> 00:03:16,420 And here we then can send back our data, 64 00:03:16,420 --> 00:03:19,110 which I sent back before as well 65 00:03:19,110 --> 00:03:23,073 with res.json and quote set to our quote. 66 00:03:23,980 --> 00:03:27,110 We'll get a random quote here soon. 67 00:03:27,110 --> 00:03:29,370 And then, of course, we wanna expose that 68 00:03:29,370 --> 00:03:31,810 and here we just have one function, 69 00:03:31,810 --> 00:03:35,070 so we could directly export it like this 70 00:03:35,070 --> 00:03:38,550 but if we anticipate that we might have more functions, 71 00:03:38,550 --> 00:03:40,290 more actions in the future, 72 00:03:40,290 --> 00:03:43,180 we can instead export an object, 73 00:03:43,180 --> 00:03:45,470 add a key of getRandomQuote 74 00:03:45,470 --> 00:03:48,153 and point at the getRandomQuote function. 75 00:03:49,370 --> 00:03:53,140 And with that, we can then go to quotes.routes 76 00:03:53,140 --> 00:03:55,860 and include our controller here. 77 00:03:55,860 --> 00:03:58,610 And I'm going through that with a bit more speed 78 00:03:58,610 --> 00:04:01,630 because these are all things we did multiple times 79 00:04:01,630 --> 00:04:03,090 throughout the course already. 80 00:04:03,090 --> 00:04:05,420 There's nothing new about this. 81 00:04:05,420 --> 00:04:07,530 I include my controller here 82 00:04:07,530 --> 00:04:10,883 from controllers/quotes.controller like that. 83 00:04:11,970 --> 00:04:13,510 And then here for this route, 84 00:04:13,510 --> 00:04:16,783 we can point at quotesController.getRandomQuote. 85 00:04:19,220 --> 00:04:21,053 Now, this would be our first step. 86 00:04:22,420 --> 00:04:24,960 Now, I wanna store my quotes in a database 87 00:04:24,960 --> 00:04:27,530 and then get random quotes from there 88 00:04:27,530 --> 00:04:32,530 and therefore, I will install mongodb, this driver 89 00:04:32,870 --> 00:04:35,633 so that I can send requests to the database. 90 00:04:38,570 --> 00:04:39,403 Like this. 91 00:04:41,460 --> 00:04:45,570 And I will also install as a development dependency 92 00:04:45,570 --> 00:04:48,020 with save-dev nodemon 93 00:04:48,020 --> 00:04:52,030 so that we can use that for running our Node server. 94 00:04:52,030 --> 00:04:55,040 That's, of course, optional, as it always was. 95 00:04:55,040 --> 00:04:57,500 But with that in package.json, 96 00:04:57,500 --> 00:05:00,320 I'll quickly edit this script, 97 00:05:00,320 --> 00:05:01,660 and add a start script 98 00:05:01,660 --> 00:05:04,193 where I use nodemon to run app.js. 99 00:05:05,450 --> 00:05:08,440 And then more importantly, in the database.js file, 100 00:05:08,440 --> 00:05:12,120 I wanna set up a connection to my MongoDB database. 101 00:05:12,120 --> 00:05:15,890 And for this, I have a MongoDB database server running 102 00:05:15,890 --> 00:05:17,300 on my local machine. 103 00:05:17,300 --> 00:05:20,000 As in many other course sections, 104 00:05:20,000 --> 00:05:22,330 if you wanna follow along on your machine, 105 00:05:22,330 --> 00:05:24,530 you need to make sure you have one installed 106 00:05:24,530 --> 00:05:26,810 and up and running on your machine as well 107 00:05:26,810 --> 00:05:30,503 just as shown before in the course in the MongoDB sections. 108 00:05:32,250 --> 00:05:36,973 So in here we can then import mongodb like this. 109 00:05:38,327 --> 00:05:39,290 And then add a function 110 00:05:39,290 --> 00:05:43,090 for initializing the database connection so to say. 111 00:05:43,090 --> 00:05:46,500 And I'll add a database helper variable here, 112 00:05:46,500 --> 00:05:49,923 which will hold the connected database as soon as we got it. 113 00:05:50,760 --> 00:05:52,640 And this will be a async function 114 00:05:52,640 --> 00:05:56,113 because in here, I will use the MongoClient, 115 00:05:57,630 --> 00:06:01,003 which we get from the MongoDB package like this. 116 00:06:01,870 --> 00:06:05,187 MongoClient is mongodb.MongoClient like that. 117 00:06:08,880 --> 00:06:10,220 And then in this async function, 118 00:06:10,220 --> 00:06:14,410 we can await MongoClient.connect, 119 00:06:14,410 --> 00:06:16,550 and then here we have our URL, 120 00:06:16,550 --> 00:06:21,550 which by default is mongodb://localhost:27017. 121 00:06:26,100 --> 00:06:28,493 And this will return us a connected client. 122 00:06:29,440 --> 00:06:32,800 And then we can store the concrete database 123 00:06:32,800 --> 00:06:36,350 to which we wanna talk by calling db on this client, 124 00:06:36,350 --> 00:06:39,268 and to db we pass the name of the database, 125 00:06:39,268 --> 00:06:41,950 and I'll just use first-api here. 126 00:06:41,950 --> 00:06:44,100 The database name, of course, is up to you. 127 00:06:45,370 --> 00:06:47,750 And then I'll add another function 128 00:06:47,750 --> 00:06:50,097 with the name of getDb 129 00:06:50,097 --> 00:06:52,590 where we could, first of all, 130 00:06:52,590 --> 00:06:56,100 check if we maybe don't have a database. 131 00:06:56,100 --> 00:06:59,280 So we tried to call this function too early 132 00:06:59,280 --> 00:07:01,900 in which case, I'll throw a new error 133 00:07:01,900 --> 00:07:05,663 where I say database not connected, for example. 134 00:07:07,350 --> 00:07:09,650 And else if we make it pass this if check, 135 00:07:09,650 --> 00:07:13,680 I return this database helper variable, 136 00:07:13,680 --> 00:07:14,513 and then in the end, 137 00:07:14,513 --> 00:07:17,110 we just have to export these two functions 138 00:07:17,110 --> 00:07:18,590 that we defined here 139 00:07:18,590 --> 00:07:23,100 with module.exports pointing at an object here 140 00:07:23,100 --> 00:07:26,823 where we export initDb like this. 141 00:07:27,950 --> 00:07:31,313 And where we export getDb like this. 142 00:07:33,820 --> 00:07:35,350 So that's this. 143 00:07:35,350 --> 00:07:36,610 And now with this added, 144 00:07:36,610 --> 00:07:40,590 we can go to the model, to the quote.model here, 145 00:07:40,590 --> 00:07:43,703 and in there, define a Quote class, 146 00:07:44,640 --> 00:07:49,640 and already import db by requiring going up one level, 147 00:07:50,730 --> 00:07:54,680 data/database, and in there, 148 00:07:54,680 --> 00:07:59,680 I'll now add a static async method getRandomQuote, 149 00:08:01,520 --> 00:08:04,343 which should do what the name suggests. 150 00:08:05,550 --> 00:08:09,440 And, of course, I'll also already export this Quote class 151 00:08:09,440 --> 00:08:11,823 so that we can use it in other files. 152 00:08:12,660 --> 00:08:14,260 Now, for the logic in here, 153 00:08:14,260 --> 00:08:16,440 what I'll do, and I'll say right away, 154 00:08:16,440 --> 00:08:18,160 this is not the only way of doing it, 155 00:08:18,160 --> 00:08:21,120 but it's hopefully a very understandable way, 156 00:08:21,120 --> 00:08:23,750 what I'll do here is I'll get all my quotes 157 00:08:23,750 --> 00:08:28,413 by awaiting db.getDb collection quotes. 158 00:08:30,630 --> 00:08:33,840 That's where I expect the quotes to be stored. 159 00:08:33,840 --> 00:08:35,700 And we'll have to add them manually 160 00:08:35,700 --> 00:08:37,090 because as mentioned before, 161 00:08:37,090 --> 00:08:40,650 this API won't have any endpoints or methods 162 00:08:40,650 --> 00:08:42,380 for adding quotes. 163 00:08:42,380 --> 00:08:44,820 We'll later build another example API, 164 00:08:44,820 --> 00:08:47,800 which will have all CRUD operations. 165 00:08:47,800 --> 00:08:49,640 This one won't. 166 00:08:49,640 --> 00:08:52,560 So here I just reach out to quotes, 167 00:08:52,560 --> 00:08:54,180 and I wanna find all quotes 168 00:08:54,180 --> 00:08:57,820 by calling find and get them back as an array. 169 00:08:57,820 --> 00:09:00,840 So with that, I'll fetch all the quotes in the database. 170 00:09:00,840 --> 00:09:03,280 And, of course, this is a bit inefficient 171 00:09:03,280 --> 00:09:06,660 if we only wanna get a single random quote, 172 00:09:06,660 --> 00:09:09,660 but again, there would be alternatives with MongoDB 173 00:09:09,660 --> 00:09:13,090 but this approach hopefully is very understandable, 174 00:09:13,090 --> 00:09:15,070 and since the focus of this section here 175 00:09:15,070 --> 00:09:17,920 is not optimizing MongoDB queries, 176 00:09:17,920 --> 00:09:20,070 I would have a whole course about MongoDB 177 00:09:20,070 --> 00:09:22,160 if you would be interested in that. 178 00:09:22,160 --> 00:09:25,617 But instead here, I wanna focus on building APIs 179 00:09:25,617 --> 00:09:28,963 and therefore, I wanna focus on writing understandable code. 180 00:09:30,030 --> 00:09:31,825 So here we get all the quotes. 181 00:09:31,825 --> 00:09:34,320 And now to get a randomQuote, 182 00:09:34,320 --> 00:09:38,010 we can use a object built into JavaScript, 183 00:09:38,010 --> 00:09:39,460 both on the browser side, 184 00:09:39,460 --> 00:09:41,253 as well as on NodeJS. 185 00:09:42,225 --> 00:09:44,160 And that's the Math object. 186 00:09:44,160 --> 00:09:47,390 There we can use the floor method 187 00:09:47,390 --> 00:09:49,950 to round a number down. 188 00:09:49,950 --> 00:09:52,203 So 0.5 would become 0. 189 00:09:52,203 --> 00:09:54,510 1.2 would become 1. 190 00:09:54,510 --> 00:09:56,860 1.8 would also become 1. 191 00:09:56,860 --> 00:09:58,790 That's the idea here. 192 00:09:58,790 --> 00:10:01,230 And the value which I wanna round down 193 00:10:01,230 --> 00:10:04,040 is the result of another calculation 194 00:10:04,040 --> 00:10:06,780 where I use Math.random, 195 00:10:06,780 --> 00:10:08,510 which produces a random number 196 00:10:08,510 --> 00:10:11,890 between zero and one, one excluded. 197 00:10:11,890 --> 00:10:16,303 So it's actually the range zero up to 0.99999. 198 00:10:17,410 --> 00:10:19,610 And I'll multiply this 199 00:10:19,610 --> 00:10:22,580 with quotes.length. 200 00:10:22,580 --> 00:10:25,380 So the number of quotes I have. 201 00:10:25,380 --> 00:10:27,020 Now, to give you an example, 202 00:10:27,020 --> 00:10:32,020 if we had an array with three items, 203 00:10:32,120 --> 00:10:33,530 and yes, these are not quotes 204 00:10:33,530 --> 00:10:34,920 but these are items, 205 00:10:34,920 --> 00:10:36,633 then the length is three. 206 00:10:37,580 --> 00:10:40,000 Keep in mind that the indexes of the items 207 00:10:40,000 --> 00:10:42,260 are zero, one, and two though. 208 00:10:42,260 --> 00:10:44,850 With the formula I have up here, 209 00:10:44,850 --> 00:10:46,860 Math.random could be any value 210 00:10:46,860 --> 00:10:49,480 between zero and one, one excluded. 211 00:10:49,480 --> 00:10:51,203 So it will never be one. 212 00:10:52,070 --> 00:10:54,743 So if Math.random is 0.8, for example, 213 00:10:54,743 --> 00:10:57,330 that would be multiplied with three 214 00:10:57,330 --> 00:11:00,520 and this, of course, would give us 2.4. 215 00:11:00,520 --> 00:11:02,493 Thanks to Math.floor, 216 00:11:03,370 --> 00:11:06,340 2.4 would become 2 217 00:11:07,294 --> 00:11:09,640 and therefore, we would get the item with index two, 218 00:11:09,640 --> 00:11:11,163 which is the last item here. 219 00:11:12,100 --> 00:11:14,173 If this would not be 0.8 but 0.1, 220 00:11:15,170 --> 00:11:18,760 this would, for example, become 0.3 as a result, 221 00:11:18,760 --> 00:11:23,160 and Math.floor of 0.3 would be 0, 222 00:11:23,160 --> 00:11:26,610 so we would select the first item in the array. 223 00:11:26,610 --> 00:11:29,802 And that's what I'm doing here with the quotes array. 224 00:11:29,802 --> 00:11:33,923 And then I'll return that randomQuote which I got here. 225 00:11:35,690 --> 00:11:37,840 Now back in the quotes.controller, 226 00:11:37,840 --> 00:11:41,500 we can, of course, include this Quote class 227 00:11:41,500 --> 00:11:45,273 by requiring it from models/quote.model, 228 00:11:46,170 --> 00:11:49,210 and instead of returning a hard coded quote here, 229 00:11:49,210 --> 00:11:53,430 I got my randomQuote by using await, 230 00:11:53,430 --> 00:11:56,250 and for this, we wanna turn this into async function 231 00:11:56,250 --> 00:11:59,360 as we did many times before in the course. 232 00:11:59,360 --> 00:12:00,410 Quote.getRandomQuote. 233 00:12:03,030 --> 00:12:04,800 And then it's this randomQuote, 234 00:12:04,800 --> 00:12:06,900 which I'll return as a quote here 235 00:12:06,900 --> 00:12:09,573 in my response, in my JSON response. 236 00:12:10,800 --> 00:12:13,350 And still that is basically the only thing 237 00:12:13,350 --> 00:12:16,550 that makes this demo project different compared 238 00:12:16,550 --> 00:12:19,860 to all the other projects we had in this course. 239 00:12:19,860 --> 00:12:21,560 We're not rendering a template. 240 00:12:21,560 --> 00:12:24,810 We have no HTML code and no templates therefore, 241 00:12:24,810 --> 00:12:27,460 and we have no CSS code therefore 242 00:12:27,460 --> 00:12:29,440 but when it comes to the backend logic, 243 00:12:29,440 --> 00:12:31,840 to models and controllers and so on, 244 00:12:31,840 --> 00:12:33,430 it's the same as always. 245 00:12:33,430 --> 00:12:35,084 Nothing is different there. 246 00:12:35,084 --> 00:12:37,320 And that's why it was so important 247 00:12:37,320 --> 00:12:39,240 to use the other approach first 248 00:12:39,240 --> 00:12:42,690 because now you can easily also build APIs 249 00:12:42,690 --> 00:12:45,480 but you can also build regular websites. 250 00:12:45,480 --> 00:12:47,380 Both is possible. 251 00:12:47,380 --> 00:12:49,170 Back to this example though, 252 00:12:49,170 --> 00:12:52,820 with that done, we can go back to app.js 253 00:12:52,820 --> 00:12:53,653 because, of course, 254 00:12:53,653 --> 00:12:56,680 there we have to initialize our database. 255 00:12:56,680 --> 00:13:01,680 So here I'll get my db object by requiring ./data/database. 256 00:13:03,300 --> 00:13:06,970 And then before we start listening on port 3000, 257 00:13:06,970 --> 00:13:09,580 I'll call initDb. 258 00:13:09,580 --> 00:13:11,150 This will return a promise 259 00:13:11,150 --> 00:13:13,520 and since I'm not inside of a function here, 260 00:13:13,520 --> 00:13:16,490 I can't use await here. 261 00:13:16,490 --> 00:13:19,000 In some NodeJS versions, you actually can 262 00:13:19,000 --> 00:13:21,560 but it's safer to just use the other way 263 00:13:21,560 --> 00:13:23,360 of handling promises, 264 00:13:23,360 --> 00:13:25,830 which is to use the then method. 265 00:13:25,830 --> 00:13:28,630 Then pass an anonymous function to it. 266 00:13:28,630 --> 00:13:31,150 And listen inside of this anonymous function, 267 00:13:31,150 --> 00:13:34,950 which will only be executed once this promise here is done. 268 00:13:34,950 --> 00:13:38,260 So once the database connection was established. 269 00:13:38,260 --> 00:13:42,210 And, of course, we can then also add catch here 270 00:13:42,210 --> 00:13:46,380 to catch errors with this anonymous function 271 00:13:46,380 --> 00:13:47,320 and, for example, 272 00:13:47,320 --> 00:13:52,320 console.log connecting to the database failed like this. 273 00:13:55,820 --> 00:13:57,640 Now, we can also, by the way, 274 00:13:57,640 --> 00:14:00,800 add our default error handler, 275 00:14:00,800 --> 00:14:03,450 which we also did before in the course 276 00:14:03,450 --> 00:14:06,010 with this error handling middleware, 277 00:14:06,010 --> 00:14:07,360 which could also be stored 278 00:14:07,360 --> 00:14:09,810 in a separate file in a middlewares folder 279 00:14:09,810 --> 00:14:11,580 if you wanted to. 280 00:14:11,580 --> 00:14:15,300 And then there we could also add error handling. 281 00:14:15,300 --> 00:14:17,050 The difference again would be 282 00:14:17,050 --> 00:14:21,310 that we don't render some 500 template now, 283 00:14:21,310 --> 00:14:24,840 but that instead we would still return some JSON data. 284 00:14:24,840 --> 00:14:26,590 Maybe with an error message, 285 00:14:26,590 --> 00:14:28,060 like something went wrong 286 00:14:28,060 --> 00:14:30,313 or maybe more details if we have them. 287 00:14:31,670 --> 00:14:34,870 We still also wanna set our status code 288 00:14:34,870 --> 00:14:37,280 and with APIs, that status code 289 00:14:37,280 --> 00:14:39,330 is actually even more important 290 00:14:39,330 --> 00:14:42,470 that it was with regular websites. 291 00:14:42,470 --> 00:14:45,040 There it's also recommended to set it 292 00:14:45,040 --> 00:14:49,360 but with APIs, since we're not returning anything visual, 293 00:14:49,360 --> 00:14:53,070 it's even more important to set clear status codes 294 00:14:53,070 --> 00:14:55,520 and return clear data 295 00:14:55,520 --> 00:14:59,580 so that the user, the customer of an API 296 00:14:59,580 --> 00:15:03,640 will be able to understand if a certain action succeeded, 297 00:15:03,640 --> 00:15:06,440 and if it didn't, why it didn't. 298 00:15:06,440 --> 00:15:08,030 So here it's even more important 299 00:15:08,030 --> 00:15:10,330 to set a status code of 500 300 00:15:10,330 --> 00:15:14,440 to indicate that something went wrong on the server side. 301 00:15:14,440 --> 00:15:16,663 And here I need a semicolon. 302 00:15:17,790 --> 00:15:20,800 Okay, so that's the updated app.js file, 303 00:15:20,800 --> 00:15:23,630 updated model and controller and routes. 304 00:15:23,630 --> 00:15:25,189 This should all be connected. 305 00:15:25,189 --> 00:15:27,450 Now, of course, we need quotes 306 00:15:27,450 --> 00:15:29,680 so that fetching a randomQuote actually 307 00:15:29,680 --> 00:15:31,910 has a chance of succeeding. 308 00:15:31,910 --> 00:15:35,080 For this, I opened Mongo shell 309 00:15:35,080 --> 00:15:38,420 and again, I have the MongoDB server up and running. 310 00:15:38,420 --> 00:15:42,180 And I then use this first-api database 311 00:15:42,180 --> 00:15:45,490 because that is the database I'm connecting to here 312 00:15:45,490 --> 00:15:50,490 in my database.js file, first-api. 313 00:15:51,510 --> 00:15:54,110 And now once I'm connected to this database, 314 00:15:54,110 --> 00:15:59,110 I wanna insertOne quote into quotes. 315 00:15:59,260 --> 00:16:02,420 Or actually not just one but I'll use insertMany, 316 00:16:02,420 --> 00:16:05,830 which simply allows me to insert many documents. 317 00:16:05,830 --> 00:16:08,340 You simply pass an array with square brackets 318 00:16:08,340 --> 00:16:11,200 to insertMany, and then your documents 319 00:16:11,200 --> 00:16:15,280 as comma-separated objects so to say. 320 00:16:15,280 --> 00:16:16,970 And then for every quote, 321 00:16:16,970 --> 00:16:20,170 I just wanna have a text field let's say, 322 00:16:20,170 --> 00:16:23,030 which then holds the quote text. 323 00:16:23,030 --> 00:16:27,750 And here I'll just add some dummy quotes 324 00:16:27,750 --> 00:16:31,153 all stored in a text field in these quote documents. 325 00:16:45,750 --> 00:16:47,530 Here we go. 326 00:16:47,530 --> 00:16:48,950 And now I'll hit Enter 327 00:16:48,950 --> 00:16:52,070 and these three documents were now inserted, 328 00:16:52,070 --> 00:16:54,370 and hence if I access my quotes 329 00:16:54,370 --> 00:16:58,010 and find all the documents with the proper syntax, 330 00:16:58,010 --> 00:17:00,210 here they are. 331 00:17:00,210 --> 00:17:01,650 Now with that all done, 332 00:17:01,650 --> 00:17:05,339 back in quote.model, we have one last adjustment to make. 333 00:17:05,339 --> 00:17:07,240 I'm, of course, still returning randomQuote, 334 00:17:07,240 --> 00:17:08,390 which is a number though, 335 00:17:08,390 --> 00:17:09,960 not the actual quote, 336 00:17:09,960 --> 00:17:12,839 so this is actually the randomQuoteIndex 337 00:17:12,839 --> 00:17:15,140 if we wanna label this correctly, 338 00:17:15,140 --> 00:17:17,730 which I want, so I renamed it. 339 00:17:17,730 --> 00:17:21,920 And instead I get the concrete randomQuote now 340 00:17:21,920 --> 00:17:23,560 by accessing quotes 341 00:17:23,560 --> 00:17:26,022 and then the quote for this randomQuoteIndex. 342 00:17:28,000 --> 00:17:29,460 And it's then this randomQuote, 343 00:17:29,460 --> 00:17:30,420 which I wanna return 344 00:17:30,420 --> 00:17:32,620 but also not the quote like this, 345 00:17:32,620 --> 00:17:36,092 but instead, we should access the text property here 346 00:17:36,092 --> 00:17:39,690 because I stored a concrete quote text 347 00:17:39,690 --> 00:17:41,690 under that text property 348 00:17:41,690 --> 00:17:44,270 in those documents in the collection. 349 00:17:44,270 --> 00:17:46,863 Hence we should access the text property here. 350 00:17:47,920 --> 00:17:50,120 In addition, I noticed that in app.js, 351 00:17:50,120 --> 00:17:51,917 I had a tiny mistake. 352 00:17:51,917 --> 00:17:54,020 The prefix for the routes here 353 00:17:54,020 --> 00:17:57,150 should, of course, not be /routes but /quote. 354 00:17:57,150 --> 00:17:59,320 Thinking and talking simultaneously 355 00:17:59,320 --> 00:18:01,740 did not go well together here. 356 00:18:01,740 --> 00:18:03,853 So this should be /quote. 357 00:18:05,200 --> 00:18:06,820 With all that done though, 358 00:18:06,820 --> 00:18:09,710 we should be able to run npm start 359 00:18:09,710 --> 00:18:11,553 thanks to this newly added script. 360 00:18:13,050 --> 00:18:17,170 We now get different quotes here every time we reload. 361 00:18:17,170 --> 00:18:18,470 And it's a random quote 362 00:18:18,470 --> 00:18:21,043 so you can't tell which quote you'll get. 363 00:18:21,880 --> 00:18:25,740 And this is now an API that does a bit more 364 00:18:25,740 --> 00:18:27,960 than it did before but, 365 00:18:27,960 --> 00:18:29,510 and that's really important, 366 00:18:29,510 --> 00:18:32,640 in the end, it's really nothing new. 367 00:18:32,640 --> 00:18:35,390 It is just a controller, a model 368 00:18:35,390 --> 00:18:37,780 and some routes, and the only key difference 369 00:18:37,780 --> 00:18:39,690 is that we never turn views 370 00:18:39,690 --> 00:18:43,040 because we got no views and we want no views. 371 00:18:43,040 --> 00:18:46,600 And we have no front end CSS or JavaScript code. 372 00:18:46,600 --> 00:18:49,620 Instead, all we have here is backend code 373 00:18:49,620 --> 00:18:51,230 and we exchange data. 374 00:18:51,230 --> 00:18:53,013 We return JSON data. 375 00:18:54,520 --> 00:18:57,050 Now, to finish this, of course, 376 00:18:57,050 --> 00:18:59,910 we could also add error handling here therefore, 377 00:18:59,910 --> 00:19:02,470 just as we did it before in the course 378 00:19:02,470 --> 00:19:06,300 because all these concepts you learned about didn't change. 379 00:19:06,300 --> 00:19:08,820 So when you work with a database, 380 00:19:08,820 --> 00:19:11,730 you might want to try catch this, 381 00:19:11,730 --> 00:19:15,030 and then call return next error here 382 00:19:15,030 --> 00:19:19,123 to forward this error to Express.js error handler. 383 00:19:20,030 --> 00:19:22,340 And since randomQuote is now scoped 384 00:19:22,340 --> 00:19:25,190 to the try block but I wanna use it thereafter, 385 00:19:25,190 --> 00:19:28,390 we now either have to move this code here 386 00:19:28,390 --> 00:19:31,583 into the try block so that it has the same scope 387 00:19:31,583 --> 00:19:34,030 or we keep it here 388 00:19:34,030 --> 00:19:37,770 and we then add this as a variable, the randomQuote, 389 00:19:37,770 --> 00:19:41,090 and we set this variable inside of the try block. 390 00:19:41,090 --> 00:19:43,283 Both solutions will do the trick. 391 00:19:44,330 --> 00:19:46,630 Now, this won't change the behavior here 392 00:19:46,630 --> 00:19:48,920 but again, it is important to understand 393 00:19:48,920 --> 00:19:52,220 that you build a regular web backend. 394 00:19:52,220 --> 00:19:53,190 The key difference 395 00:19:53,190 --> 00:19:55,730 is that we don't have any front end code though 396 00:19:55,730 --> 00:19:58,023 but that instead we exchange data.