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We created our first custom property,

2
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our first CSS variable, and so far,

3
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you might have some question marks on your mind.

4
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You saw how we can create this,

5
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and now we replace the value

6
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for the background color property with this variable,

7
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but basically, this doesn't help us a lot.

8
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Well, let's now add more variables to this project

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because then you will see

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why variables are a very great helper

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to keep our projects well-organized,

12
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but also very dynamic

13
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when it comes to changing existing values.

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For this, we'll first see which other gray tones

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we have in our CSS file here.

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If we scroll down,

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we see that we have this RGB code for the color property.

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As I said,

19
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we have the color property here

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and the background color property up there,

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which are obviously two different properties,

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but both use a color, a different gray scale in our case,

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therefore we can, of course,

24
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also assign this predefined variable to our color property.

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What we can do therefore is we can take this RGB code,

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so I'll simply copy paste it,

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now I'll add a second variable,

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again with the dash dash color name, dash gray,

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because it will be another gray tone.

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And 100 here was a very light gray tone,

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this one here is a lot darker,

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so we could give this a value of let's say 600 maybe,

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we'll see if this is working.

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We can, of course change our values,

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and now we'll paste this RGB code.

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With that, we have a second CSS variable,

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and what we can do now of course,

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is we can, well, basically take this custom property.

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I'm always using both of these terms interchangeably here

40
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to make sure you become used to these.

41
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So we take this custom property,

42
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now we go to our h1 selector, delete the existing value,

43
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now add VAR and parenthesis,

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and paste our custom property that we created.

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If we save this now and go back to the project,

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you see that our h1 element, if we inspect it in here,

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now uses this color down here in the dev tools.

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If it would unselect it,

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it would become black, a bit hard to see,

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but you'll see that there is a difference

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if I switch it again and again,

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and with that, we are also using

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this custom property in here.

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With that, well, still, this is nice to have,

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but not a big helper,

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Therefore let's add some more custom properties.

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For this, I go back, and now we'll scroll down

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a bit further for our project.

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Here, for example, in the card-info class,

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we have another gray tone,

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So we take this RGB code of the color property,

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scroll up, and now this is kind of in-between

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these two existing ones, so I'll add it right here,

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dash dash color, once again, dash gray.

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And now maybe a value of 400, let's say,

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and there I now paste this new RGB color,

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and you already see it with the help of visuals to decode,

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that we have this light gray tone for 100,

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there's a bit one, 400,

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and then we have 600 for the dark one,

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but let's see if we have more.

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Yes, we have.

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Here for our price class selector,

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we have this very dark gray, so let's take this one,

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and let's copy it again, and let's scroll up,

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and let's create another custom property,

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so dash dash color, dash gray.

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And here we could say maybe 900,

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as it is a very dark gray tone,

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we paste this, and we are done.

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And now we only have to replace our existing values

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with the corresponding custom properties.

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So for example,

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if we check out this 134 value here for the card-info color,

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we can simply take the custom property name we created,

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so color gray 400.

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We go down here, replace it, add the VAR keyword,

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and our parenthesis, and paste the custom property.

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If we scroll down further,

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we see that also our price info class

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is using this RGB code.

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Therefore, we can do the same thing once again,

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we delete the existing RGB code,

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we add the VAR keyword, add the parenthesis,

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and paste our custom property.

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I think this should be it with the 134 RGB code.

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Let's see. Yes, it is.

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So now we could replace our 58 RGB code right here,

99
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so let's delete it immediately.

100
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Let's add the VAR keyword.

101
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Oh, oops, one parenthesis is enough.

102
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Let's go up,

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and let's take the custom property we defined,

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and let's scroll down now,

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and let's add it here as a color

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for our sub-feature-text class.

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And finally, let's scroll up once again.

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We still have our 41 RGB color here for our price class,

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so we can also delete this one,

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add the VAR keyword and the parenthesis,

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now scroll up, and take the custom property

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with the 900 gray value,

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scroll down once again, and add it to this variable.

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With that, we replaced most of our gray tones here

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when it comes to the color or the background color property

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with this newly-added custom property logic.

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So if we save this now and go back,

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you'll see that nothing changed, so nothing broke,

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so our page is still working.

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But if we would now say that our gray tone, for example,

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if we go back, that our gray tone

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with the value of 400 here, so for the card-info class,

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and for the price-info, is not the one we want here.

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Then we can scroll up, simply change it from to a...

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this one here to a lighter or darker one.

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So I'll change this to some other color now,

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maybe this very light red,

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just to make sure you can immediately see

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what this is all about.

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Of course we'll change it back to gray soon.

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So let's save this.

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And if we now go back to our project,

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you'll see that both of these elements

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now have this red color applied.

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And that's the great advantage of variables,

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instead of applying individual color codes

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to single elements,

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we use predefined scales,

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which we can use in different elements,

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and which we can also change over time

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in case we are not totally happy with our color choice.

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Here we could say that the red is maybe not the perfect fit,

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therefore we can go back, and change it back to,

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well, let's say this gray for example,

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may be a bit darker like this, save it,

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and we are good again.

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And this logic,

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whilst for this project is not completely necessary,

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can of course be very helpful in bigger projects where,

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well, the code is very long,

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and we're changing the color code individually

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for all elements again and again, would be a mess,

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and would of course also lead to many errors.

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We are, of course not limited to our gray color here,

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when it comes to custom properties.

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We can go back, and we could also say

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that for our primary color, this blue tone here,

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we also want to have a custom property

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and a bigger color range.

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Let's get started with the background color

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for the price class here for example.

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If we take this RGB code, and scroll up,

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and again, go to the HTML element,

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there, we again define our custom property

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with dash dash color,

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as we are again, referring to a value,

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which is related to a color.

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Now this will be our primary color on the website,

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and now we again need an indication of the,

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well, lightness or darkness of that color,

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so I might get started with 500,

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we'll see if this is all right,

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and I'll paste this.

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And then we see that this is yeah,

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maybe rather a 300 here,

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so it's maybe at this value.

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So this would be our first custom property

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for the primary color.

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And by scrolling down,

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we see that we also have a blue color here for the button.

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So it's this one for the button class,

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which will also be used for the hover effect

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that we have here when hovering over this button.

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So we use this one, and go up.

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Now declare a second custom property for the primary color,

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so dash dash color, dash primary,

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and now maybe dash 700, as this is a darker color tone,

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so we paste this now,

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and now we could add more colors, if we want to,

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here for this project, these two colors are sufficient.

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So we can now replace our lighter color

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with this color-primary-300,

193
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so by going down here, we can change this

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with our VAR keyword once again,

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so here in the price class selector, so VAR.

196
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And now, in this code, we also have auto completion,

197
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which means we can now refer to our custom variables

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by adding this double hyphen.

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And now we can simply say

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that this should be our primary color of 300,

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whereas further down,

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we use another color for the button class,

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and the button:hover, or class,

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or pseudo-selector down here,

205
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so we'll again,

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delete the value for the color property,

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add the VAR keyword, and the parenthesis,

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add our double hyphen,

209
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and here we'll use our primary 700 color,

210
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and we'll do the same thing down here

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for the background color,

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so we'll get rid of the existing color code,

213
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add the VAR keyword, parenthesis, double hyphen,

214
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and color primary 700.

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With this change in place,

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and we're going back to our project,

217
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you see that again, well, nothing changed,

218
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but if we now decide that our color choice is not perfect,

219
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we can simply go back and scroll up to our HTML selector,

220
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and say that our 300 blue

221
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should maybe be a bit darker, like this.

222
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And if we save this and go back,

223
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we now have a darker color for our price class here,

224
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or also for other elements or classes,

225
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which are using this custom property.

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By the way, our CSS variables so far

227
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were always related to colors as a value,

228
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and so far, we use these variables only for properties

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which can hold such a value, so the color,

230
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and the background color property in our case.

231
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What would happen if I go back now

232
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and say that for our h1 element here,

233
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I accidentally use a custom property,

234
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which is related to a color, for the font family?

235
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So we'll delete our existing font family,

236
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and instead add our CSS variable

237
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with a color of primary 700.

238
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This obviously,

239
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well doesn't work because the font family property

240
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can't hold a color as a value.

241
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Therefore, if we go back now,

242
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you see that the font family of our h1 element

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change to a fallback,

244
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so you see that we now don't have this Serif font,

245
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we now have a Sans Sara font as a fallback,

246
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so if you accidentally apply a variable,

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which is not applicable for a specific property,

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a fallback will kick in.

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In our case though, we will undo this change,

250
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and go with the Zilla Slab and serif value

251
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for the font family property.

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I don't want to dive too deep into this variable topic now

253
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because I think the core idea is clear.

254
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Generally, you are not limited to colors though

255
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to use such custom properties.

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We could, for example, also say that we want to have sizes,

257
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so in our case, font sizes, for example,

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that should also be predefined.

259
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For this, you could say that you add hyphen hyphen size,

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and now add a number of one, for example.

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For sizes, we typically don't use values

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from 100, 50, 200, and so on,

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we use values like one, two, three,

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as we typically don't have so many steps in between.

265
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So there we could say that our smallest size on the page

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is the one we should define right now.

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And if I quickly check our code,

268
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from a font size perspective,

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we see that the smallest font size we are actively using,

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for the other elements we're using default values,

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is this 18 pixel font size.

272
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Then I could, of course,

273
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also say that the smallest font size I have in here

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should be 18 pixels,

275
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like this.

276
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And then I could define the largest font size on the page

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with hyphen hyphen size dot five, for example,

278
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which will probably be our price here with 50 pixels.

279
00:14:38,580 --> 00:14:43,083
So if we go up, we can also add 50 pixels right here now,

280
00:14:44,870 --> 00:14:47,910
and now go down, it's the same logic

281
00:14:47,910 --> 00:14:49,640
that we saw for the colors.

282
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Go to the font size, delete the 50 pixels value,

283
00:14:56,140 --> 00:14:59,670
instead add the variable hyphen hyphen,

284
00:14:59,670 --> 00:15:02,920
and now say this should be size-five,

285
00:15:02,920 --> 00:15:07,530
whereas down here, for our 18 pixels value,

286
00:15:07,530 --> 00:15:09,180
for the button class,

287
00:15:09,180 --> 00:15:14,180
we want to use VAR dash dash size one.

288
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With this in place and saved, if we go back to the project,

289
00:15:19,420 --> 00:15:21,540
you again see nothing changed,

290
00:15:21,540 --> 00:15:24,540
but if we now decide that the price, for example,

291
00:15:24,540 --> 00:15:28,400
should be a bit bigger or smaller,

292
00:15:28,400 --> 00:15:30,190
then we can go back to the code,

293
00:15:30,190 --> 00:15:33,820
scroll up to our custom properties,

294
00:15:33,820 --> 00:15:38,820
and say that this should be 60 pixels, for example.

295
00:15:38,844 --> 00:15:40,270
With this in place, if we go back,

296
00:15:40,270 --> 00:15:42,090
we see that the price increased,

297
00:15:42,090 --> 00:15:45,090
and this would also affect all other properties

298
00:15:45,090 --> 00:15:48,740
which hold that CSS variable as a value.

299
00:15:48,740 --> 00:15:50,280
However, I don't like this look,

300
00:15:50,280 --> 00:15:52,893
so let me go back to 50 here.

301
00:15:54,340 --> 00:15:58,010
So this is basically how custom properties

302
00:15:58,010 --> 00:16:00,333
or CSS variables work.

303
00:16:02,520 --> 00:16:03,830
In this project, of course,

304
00:16:03,830 --> 00:16:06,500
these don't help us too much to be honest,

305
00:16:06,500 --> 00:16:07,950
but in bigger projects,

306
00:16:07,950 --> 00:16:11,040
these are a great helper for different color ranges,

307
00:16:11,040 --> 00:16:13,740
for different sizes, and so on.

308
00:16:13,740 --> 00:16:16,200
Before we dive into another topic though,

309
00:16:16,200 --> 00:16:19,470
there is one thing that I quickly want to explain to you,

310
00:16:19,470 --> 00:16:21,150
and this is the reason why

311
00:16:21,150 --> 00:16:23,960
we are using the HTML selector here

312
00:16:23,960 --> 00:16:26,253
to add these custom properties.

