1 00:00:02,270 --> 00:00:06,345 What is Full Stack Web Development?. 2 00:00:06,345 --> 00:00:11,565 Let me clarify to you a few terms so that we start with a common understanding 3 00:00:11,565 --> 00:00:18,035 of full stack web development as applied in this specialization. 4 00:00:18,035 --> 00:00:22,415 We often hear people talking about the front end and the back end. 5 00:00:22,415 --> 00:00:27,000 The front end is where we are delivering the content to the user, 6 00:00:27,000 --> 00:00:32,335 typically in a browser where the user accesses the information. 7 00:00:32,335 --> 00:00:36,740 This is where we use technologies like HTML, 8 00:00:36,740 --> 00:00:41,475 CSS and JavaScript to render the content for the user. 9 00:00:41,475 --> 00:00:48,380 This information delivery is supported behind the scenes by 10 00:00:48,380 --> 00:00:57,180 a back end support which is typically implemented these days using technologies like PHP, 11 00:00:57,180 --> 00:01:02,770 Java, ASP.NET, Ruby, Python or NodeJS. 12 00:01:02,770 --> 00:01:08,320 We often hear people talking about the three-tier architecture for web development. 13 00:01:08,320 --> 00:01:14,260 In this approach, the entire web application is organized into three different layers. 14 00:01:14,260 --> 00:01:20,580 The presentation layer which is concerned with delivering the information to the user. 15 00:01:20,580 --> 00:01:23,390 So, this is usually the UI related 16 00:01:23,390 --> 00:01:26,780 concerns that are dealt with at the presentation layer. 17 00:01:26,780 --> 00:01:29,840 The business logic layer on the other hand is concerned 18 00:01:29,840 --> 00:01:32,760 more about the data, the data validation, 19 00:01:32,760 --> 00:01:39,285 the dynamic content processing and generating the content to be delivered to the user. 20 00:01:39,285 --> 00:01:42,545 This is backed up behind the scenes 21 00:01:42,545 --> 00:01:46,090 with the data persistence layer or the data access layer. 22 00:01:46,090 --> 00:01:52,085 So, this is concerned with how we store and interact with the data, 23 00:01:52,085 --> 00:01:58,620 typically in the form of a database and access this data through an API. 24 00:01:58,620 --> 00:02:03,020 Exploring this further, let us see what is implemented 25 00:02:03,020 --> 00:02:08,145 typically in the traditional web development in each of these three layers. 26 00:02:08,145 --> 00:02:13,520 The business logic layer is usually implemented these days using technologies like Ruby, 27 00:02:13,520 --> 00:02:19,250 Python, PHP, Java, C++ or ASP.NET. 28 00:02:19,250 --> 00:02:25,520 This business logic layer is interacting behind the scenes with 29 00:02:25,520 --> 00:02:28,340 the persistent data typically stored in 30 00:02:28,340 --> 00:02:34,465 a relational database and accessed by the business logic layer. 31 00:02:34,465 --> 00:02:37,415 The business logic layer is also concerned 32 00:02:37,415 --> 00:02:41,015 with the rendering of information to the front side, 33 00:02:41,015 --> 00:02:44,415 typically, in the form of server-side rendering this case. 34 00:02:44,415 --> 00:02:47,540 So, the HTML, CSS and JavaScript is generated on 35 00:02:47,540 --> 00:02:52,530 the server-side and then sent over to the client-side in the form of a web page. 36 00:02:52,530 --> 00:02:58,870 In this approach, we need specialists in each of these three layers. 37 00:02:58,870 --> 00:03:06,465 So, a front-end specialists typically would be well-versed in HTML, CSS and JavaScript. 38 00:03:06,465 --> 00:03:10,310 The business logic specialist would be 39 00:03:10,310 --> 00:03:14,975 well-versed in one of the technologies that is used for 40 00:03:14,975 --> 00:03:17,375 implementing the business logic and then you need 41 00:03:17,375 --> 00:03:24,275 a data specialist who will be well-versed in the relational database management system. 42 00:03:24,275 --> 00:03:29,480 There is an increasing trend towards using a single language 43 00:03:29,480 --> 00:03:34,510 to implement the entire stack, this being JavaScript. 44 00:03:34,510 --> 00:03:38,300 So, you could have the front-end implemented, for example, 45 00:03:38,300 --> 00:03:43,805 as a single page application using frameworks like Angular or React. 46 00:03:43,805 --> 00:03:46,520 You have the server-side or 47 00:03:46,520 --> 00:03:51,130 the business logic layer being implemented using technologies like NodeJS, 48 00:03:51,130 --> 00:03:53,425 which is also dependent on JavaScript. 49 00:03:53,425 --> 00:03:58,430 Then you have the data storage itself being implemented using technologies 50 00:03:58,430 --> 00:04:03,960 like MongoDB which stores data in the form of JSON documents. 51 00:04:03,960 --> 00:04:11,525 The information exchange between the server-side and the client-side is usually done 52 00:04:11,525 --> 00:04:19,760 using JSON as the format and the server-side supports a REST API endpoint. 53 00:04:19,760 --> 00:04:25,065 We will cover all these technologies as part of this specialization. 54 00:04:25,065 --> 00:04:27,870 So, as you go through this specialization, 55 00:04:27,870 --> 00:04:31,370 you will see that on the presentation layer side, 56 00:04:31,370 --> 00:04:33,795 we will cover Bootstrap 4, 57 00:04:33,795 --> 00:04:39,665 an Angular or React for implementing front-end applications. 58 00:04:39,665 --> 00:04:42,350 Then on the business logic layer, 59 00:04:42,350 --> 00:04:45,154 we will be using NodeJS and NodeJS modules 60 00:04:45,154 --> 00:04:51,230 and Express for implementing the business logic layer. 61 00:04:51,230 --> 00:04:54,920 We'll also consider back end as a service and then 62 00:04:54,920 --> 00:04:59,760 the data support implemented using MongoDB.