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[MUSIC]

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Now that you have Node.js
on your computer,

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you're obviously wanting to
immediately start using it.

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So in this exercise we
will start using Node.

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We will set up a package.json file for

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our git-test folder that we
have been working with so far,

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then we will set up a Node module
called as lite-server that

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will serve up the contents
of our git-test folder.

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And then we can browse
this index.html file and

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other files in a browser.

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And we will also see how
the lite-server will enable

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us to automatically see
updates to our browser

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window as we make changes
to our index.html file or

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any other files in our git-test folder.

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The lite-server is something we're
going to extensively use in this and

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future courses to be able to
see the changes in real time in

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a browser window as you edit
the files of your project.

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As I mentioned,
we want to set up the package.json file.

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So what exactly is this package.json
file that we're going to set up?

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So here, I have some information from

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the npmjs.org site which specifies what

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exactly is the role of
the package.json file.

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So the package.json file
serves as the documentation

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on what all other packages that
your project is dependent upon.

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So for example,
when you set up the lite-server for

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your project, that will be
recorded in the package.json file.

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So that subsequently, you can also make
use of that package in the future.

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Also, it allows you to specify
which specific version of a package

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that your project is dependent on.

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So even if the package that you
depend on changes in the future,

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you may insist that you want
the user to install only a specific

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version of the package for
use within your Node application.

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And also it makes your
builds reproducible,

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which means that when you
share your code with others,

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then they can also do installation
of all the Node modules,

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as we will see later in this exercise,
on their own computer.

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So obviously, your next question would be,
how do we create this package.json file?

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If you are starting a new project, where
you want to initialize the package.json

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file, then simply type npm init at
the prompt in the project folder.

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And then that will take
you through a set of steps

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which will enable you to
configure your package.json file.

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So let's proceed with that for
our git-test project.

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So here I am in the git-test
folder in my terminal window.

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Make sure that you also
open a terminal window or

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a command window and
then go to the git-test folder.

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And at the prompt, type npm init and then
follow along the questions that are asked.

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So for the name of the project, we'll
just leave it as the default, git-test.

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For version, we'll just leave it as 1.0.0.

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We can edit that later.

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For description,

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This is a test directory

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to learn Git and Node.

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It doesn't matter,
type some description there.

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And then the entry point,
I will just say index.html.

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Usually if it is a Node package,
the entry point would be index.js.

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Now, this folder that we have set
up is an index.html based folder,

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so that's why I just type in index.html.

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Test command, nothing.

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Git repository, If we had already setup
the Git repository in the previous

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exercise, it will automatically
prompt that for you.

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If not, this would be empty and
give you an option to type in the Git

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repository URL in case you're
using an online Git repository.

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Some keywords for your project,
which I'm going to leave blank.

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Author, type your name.

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Let's be narcissistic.

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And license.

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And then it'll show you the configuration
of the package.json file in JSON format.

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So if you're familiar with JSON,
this will look very, very familiar to you.

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So if this looks all good,
let's just say okay.

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And then that results in the creation
of the package.json files.

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So now if you list the folder contents,

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you would see the package.json
file in the folder contents.

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Open the git-test folder
in your favorite editor and

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then take a look at the contents of
package.json file in your editor.

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As the next step,
we will learn how we can install

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a Node module using NPM,
the Node Package Manager.

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So we're going to install this
node module called as lite-server.

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The lite-server will serve up
the contents of this git-test folder in

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a server that it starts up, so that you
can view the contents in a browser.

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Given that we have an index.html file,
if we serve up this folder

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then it'll be a website and
you can view the index.html in a browser.

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So let's set up the lite-server and
then we will see how we can make

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use of the lite-server to serve
up the contents of this folder.

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This is very, very useful because if you
are working on a web development project,

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you want to see the live version
of your web development project so

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that as you make changes to your project,

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you can see the changes immediately
reflected in the browser.

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So this is a very good Node package
that is very useful for this purpose.

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So let's set up the lite-server.

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To do that at the prompt,
type in npm install.

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So notice,
if you want npm to install a Node package,

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this is how you're going to invoke it.

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And then you'd say lite-server.

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And then we also want to save the fact
that our project is using the lite-server.

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So we will save this information
in the package.json file.

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So to do that,
we're going to type in --save-dev.

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Now the save-dev option specifies
that this lite-server is used for

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development dependency for our project.

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If you're installing a Node module on
which your project is directly dependent

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on, then you would install it
by simply saying --save option.

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So let's go ahead and install it.

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And you wait patiently for
the installation to take place.

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It'll take all of a few minutes for
that to complete its installation.

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Once that is installed,
then you would immediately

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notice when you look at
the contents of your folder,

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you will immediately notice that there is
a folder there created named node_modules.

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Now, if you go into the node_modules
you will see a whole bunch

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of other sub folders in there
which contain node modules which

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are necessary for
the lite-sever node module and so on.

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So, let's take a quick tour of
the node_modules folder to see

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what the contents of these are.

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Going to my git-test folder, if you're
going to the node_modules folder,

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you would see as I said,
a whole bunch of sub folders there.

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Normally you don't need to be rendering
into the node_modules folder,

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they just exist there because they
are needed for the lite-server.

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So, as you browse through you, should
a notice folder named lite-server here.

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When you go into the lite-server folder,
note in particular the presence of

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the index.js file and then a package.json
file, and several other things.

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So this contents of the folder
comprises the lite-server node module.

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But this lite-server node module
is dependent on other node modules

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to provide it with some
additional functionality.

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So that's the reason, when you install
the lite-server node module, it'll in turn

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install many other node modules on which
the lite-server itself is dependent on.

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So that's the reason why
you see that explosion of

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those folders inside
the node_modules folder.

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Don’t be too concerned about it, the sum
total of all this will not be more than

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a few tens of megabytes.

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So, it is not going to fill up
your directory with that junk.

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This is all essential for
node to be able to help you.

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In case you're curious about the
lite-server and how it works and so on.

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You can alway go down to this GitHub
site where the lite-server is posted and

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then look up the documentation for
lite-server.

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I will introduce you to whatever you need
to know about lite-server as we go through

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this course and the remaining courses.

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So you don't need to
worry too much about it.

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But just in case you're curious,

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you can always go to this site to find
out more details about lite-server.

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The link is provided in your
exercise instructions and

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additional resources part of this lesson.

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Once you have completed that,
then head over to the editor,

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where you have the folder,
git-test folder, open and

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then view the contents of
the package.json file.

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So you would see that the package.json
file contains exactly the information that

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you configured with your npm in it.

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So you would see the name,
version, and repository author,

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and in particular, note this
information here says devDependencies.

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And then it specifies lite-server,
and also notice it says, ^2.2.2.

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So which means that this
particular project depends upon

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lite-server that is a at
least version 2.2.2.

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All high level.

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So this is very useful for us.

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Now, why do we need this information here,
later on when you go to the other

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exercises, you will notice that when
you store this on an online repository.

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You don't want to be storing
everything in your node_modules folder.

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We will only be storing information of
all the files that we have created.

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The node_modules folder
can always be recreated by

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typing nmp install at our command prompt.

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And then based upon
the devDependencies and

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dependencies that are listed
in the package.json file.

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All the node modules that your project
depends on will automatically be

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installed.

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We will see that later on,

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on how to use npm install in this course.

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Now, now that we are at package.json file,
let's make a couple of edits so

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that we will be able to make use of
the lite-server to serve up that content.

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So, right here in this
option called scripts,

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let's add in one more here.

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So we will say, start.

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So start is a command that npm support

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which enables you to specify a bunch
of things that will be started.

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So later on,
we will see how we will make use of this.

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So here, I'm going to say, npm run lite.

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And after the test, I'm going

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to add in one more entry called,

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lite which I will
configure as lite-server.

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Okay, with these changes,
let's save the package.json file and

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then now, our project is configured.

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So that now, if you start the lite-server,

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the contents of your folder will be now
served up in your favorite browser.

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Heading back to our command prompt and
the prompt.

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If I type npm start, now you see why

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I put that entry called start
into my package.json file.

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So, if I say npm start,
whatever that start is configured as,

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in the package.json file.

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We specify that as npm run lite, and
then lite was specified as lite-server.

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So essentially,
we are saying start the lite-server.

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So once I type, npm start,
it will start the lite-server and

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it will serve up
the contents of this folder.

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Now, how do you access
the contents of this folder?

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If you want to access it locally,
you will access it by

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specifying the URL as localhost:3000.

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This is the default settings for
the lite-server.

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Furthermore, this should
automatically open

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the browser window of
your default browser and

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then show the contents of
index.html in that browser window.

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Here, you can see that I
have opened my editor and

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my browser window directed
at localhost:3000

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simultaneously side-by-side.

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So that we can see how the browser
window will immediately

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reflect any changes that we make to
our files in the git-test folder.

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So let me go to index.html.

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And then for the sake of space,
I'm going to turn that over.

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And then so here you can see that
this is the contents of this.

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And then now let me add in

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one more paragraph,

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And save the changes.

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And then you will immediately
notice that the change that

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I made to my index.html file
is reflected into my browser.

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This provides a very nice way of
being able to observe, in real-time,

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the changes that you make to your code
being reflected into your browser.

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So when you are working on a project,
it would be very appropriate for

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you to be able to see
the changes immediately.

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So when you make a change and
save the file,

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the modified code is immediately
loaded into your browser so

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you can immediately see the change
being reflected in your browser window.

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This is a very useful tool while you're
doing development of your project.

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That is the reason why I introduced
you to the lite server and

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set it up so that we can make use of it
as we develop the website in this course.

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If you recall, we had already set up our
git-test folder to be a git repository,

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so that checking again, we

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will see that we already have three
commits in our git repository.

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And this git repository is already
to our online git repository,

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which we have set up in the previous
exercise, either at bitbucket or GitHub.

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My git-test folder is
synced to my bitbucket

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repository in this particular exercise.

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So what I'm going to do now is to
show you how you can exclude some

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folders from your project folder and

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then make sure that they are not
synchronized to your online repository.

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Now as I said, the node modules
folder can always be recreated

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by typing npminstall at the prompt.

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So that's why,
when you upload the contents of

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your folder to an online git repository or

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when you do a commit of the folder
to your git repository,

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you don't want the note modules folder or
all the subfolders

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under it to be included in the, Commit.

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So how do we exclude some folders or

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some files from our folder from being
checked in into our git repository.

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So to do that,
we will set up a file named .gitignore.

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So that's the name of the file,
.gitignore.

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So to create this .gitignore file,
we will go to our editor.

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So in the editor in the git test folder,
I'm going to create a new file.

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And I will name it .gitignore.

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Note that the name begins with a dot and

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then the rest of the name
is G-I-T-I-G-N-O-R-E.

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So this is very,

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very important that you set up the fille
with exactly the name, .gitignore.

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So let's create this file called,
.gitignore, and

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the first line of that file,
we will type as node_modules.

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So what this means is that,

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the node module folder is going to
be excluded from our git commit.

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So once I create that .gitignore file and

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then add node modules into the .gitignore
file, let's save the changes.

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And then we will now do a commit of
the current state of our project

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into our git repository.

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I hope you remember your git commands.

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Let's do a git status,
and then when you do that,

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you will immediately notice that
you have the index.html file

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marked as modified and then the two new
files, .gitignore and package.json.

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So we do a git add ., and
then do a git status.

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And then you see that all these new files
have been checked in into your commit.

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Let's do a git commit,
git commit -m "fourth

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commit." And the files are committed.

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Let's push the new commit
to our online repository.

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So to do that, git push

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-u origin master.

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And wait for
it to be pushed to our server.

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Now if you go to your
online git repository,

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you will see that
the package.json file and

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.gitignore would have been checked
in into your git repository.

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Going to my bitbucket repository for
the git-test.

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You will see that when
I look at the source,

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you will see that the package.json
file has been added,

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the .gitignore has been added, and the new
index.html file has been checked in.

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So that completes this exercise.

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So in this exercise,

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we have learned how to setup
a package.json file using npm minute.

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We have learned how to
install an npm module.

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And we have learned how to use
the lite server npm module to serve up

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the contents of our project folder so
that it can be viewed in a browser.

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So this is a nice way of
serving up your contents,

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your web application or your website so

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that you can see changes in realtime
being reflected to your browser window.

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And then, we also saw how they can
set up the .gitignore so that some

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folders can be excluded from being
checked in to our git repository.

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This completes this exercise.

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So with this, I'm sure you would
have gotten a good handle on

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the use of both git and
then also node and node modules.

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Don't worry.

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We will be using node
extensively in various ways

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as you go through the courses
of this specialization.

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This is just a start.

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[MUSIC]