WEBVTT 00:09.720 --> 00:15.010 Friends will come back in this list and we're going to talk about file folder permissions in the next 00:15.540 --> 00:19.660 in our previous list and we'll learn how to create and manage groups. 00:19.870 --> 00:26.170 So in this lesson we're going to talk about the file folder permissions file folder permissions allows 00:26.230 --> 00:31.530 us to secure our file folder again or try to use the Rexus. 00:31.540 --> 00:32.110 OK. 00:32.350 --> 00:39.980 There are basically three permissions that can set for a file or folder that is read write and execute. 00:40.000 --> 00:40.570 OK. 00:40.930 --> 00:41.190 OK. 00:41.200 --> 00:45.060 Before moving file permissions we need to know the file types. 00:45.070 --> 00:45.500 OK. 00:45.730 --> 00:50.320 So let's see the file types are available inside the Linux environment. 00:50.380 --> 00:59.740 The first type is the regular fights Regel files means that could be a text file or any image file or 00:59.740 --> 01:01.930 in the Final Exit could well file. 01:02.020 --> 01:08.340 OK all these files are comes under the category of regular files and these are denoted by this hyphen 01:08.350 --> 01:15.200 symbol then the directory files all the directories that are present in the links are calderas the directory 01:15.220 --> 01:21.360 files they're treated as files and they are now read by the symbol D. 01:21.580 --> 01:24.970 And the third type of file is a special file so. 01:25.200 --> 01:27.840 They are having their special purposes. 01:27.880 --> 01:30.930 So let's see those special files here. 01:30.940 --> 01:38.230 The first kind is the block file the block files are the hardware files and which are located inside 01:38.230 --> 01:41.500 the directory OK we're going to see it later. 01:41.560 --> 01:42.730 How that looks. 01:42.760 --> 01:48.770 But for now just understand block files are the hardware files and denoted by the symbol B. 01:48.880 --> 01:51.650 Then the next file sarcastic to do X Files. 01:51.870 --> 01:58.720 And these are denoted by symbol C and like a standard input output stream they are work like input output 01:58.720 --> 02:00.140 stream. 02:00.460 --> 02:03.160 Then the next category is by face. 02:03.170 --> 02:05.610 These are denoted by symbol B. 02:05.770 --> 02:08.260 And these are also called as the FIFO. 02:08.260 --> 02:10.090 That is first in first out. 02:10.280 --> 02:10.860 OK. 02:11.230 --> 02:17.610 The next step is symbolic links or symbolic files and these are denoted by the symbol. 02:17.670 --> 02:18.490 OK. 02:18.640 --> 02:21.650 In windows we can create a shot good for any file. 02:21.690 --> 02:24.670 Ok so the symbolic links are work like that. 02:24.820 --> 02:28.130 And these are denoted by symbolical. 02:28.310 --> 02:28.900 OK. 02:29.200 --> 02:32.310 The next and the last type of file is socket files. 02:32.320 --> 02:40.870 And these are denoted by symbol s and these files are used by these applications to communicate with 02:40.960 --> 02:41.810 each other. 02:41.960 --> 02:46.710 OK so these are the basic file types which are present in the Linux environment. 02:46.750 --> 02:47.070 OK. 02:47.110 --> 02:48.030 So let's see. 02:48.040 --> 02:55.330 Practically now how to view these types and also how to apply different kinds of access permissions 02:55.330 --> 02:57.020 to the file folders. 02:57.690 --> 03:01.250 Well first of all let's understand the file types here. 03:01.270 --> 03:05.390 So let's get inside there and here. 03:06.000 --> 03:07.530 Yes. 03:08.000 --> 03:08.570 OK. 03:08.740 --> 03:16.890 Now here you can see at the beginning shows us see the inner hard at some file shows the. 03:17.050 --> 03:17.510 OK. 03:17.590 --> 03:20.660 Let's try it again. 03:21.110 --> 03:21.560 OK. 03:21.580 --> 03:27.010 Here you can see at the beginning of some file it shows B and then. 03:27.150 --> 03:27.860 OK. 03:27.880 --> 03:30.700 All these beginning characters didn't mind the file. 03:30.760 --> 03:35.110 Ok whether it is a directory or a block file or symbolically. 03:35.140 --> 03:35.680 OK. 03:35.920 --> 03:44.770 So with this come on we can see the file type here and the next three options here determine the permissions 03:45.280 --> 03:52.540 and the permissions are categorized in three types that this user group and other users. 03:52.810 --> 03:55.660 OK let's understand this here. 03:55.750 --> 04:01.260 The first three here little minds read and write access for user. 04:01.360 --> 04:01.790 OK. 04:01.930 --> 04:07.020 The first three it reminds the user access means so what kind of permissions. 04:07.020 --> 04:13.990 The user is having for this fine then the next tree determines the group what kind of permissions the 04:13.990 --> 04:16.180 group is having for these files. 04:16.360 --> 04:22.960 So this file is currently having a read write permissions for the group and also for the owner or the 04:22.960 --> 04:23.560 user. 04:23.710 --> 04:24.400 OK. 04:24.460 --> 04:31.570 And the next are the last three that are wise to all the user permissions means what other users could 04:31.570 --> 04:33.310 do with this file. 04:33.510 --> 04:33.940 OK. 04:34.120 --> 04:37.380 So these permissions here are read and write. 04:37.390 --> 04:44.890 So in this way these permissions are set here in the Linux environment so they can serve this permission 04:44.890 --> 04:46.620 in the same manner. 04:46.780 --> 04:47.350 OK. 04:47.440 --> 04:49.900 Here with the help of see more come on. 04:49.900 --> 04:52.670 So let's get to the home directory here. 04:52.990 --> 04:54.490 Let's get the here. 04:54.550 --> 04:55.920 There are two files. 04:55.920 --> 04:59.750 So first of all let's remove these files. 05:00.860 --> 05:08.490 Came in directly and you got the key. 05:08.900 --> 05:09.610 OK. 05:09.850 --> 05:11.420 Let's create a new file. 05:11.750 --> 05:12.670 STUDENT. 05:12.770 --> 05:13.910 Yes. 05:14.490 --> 05:17.080 Now do the permissions. 05:17.420 --> 05:17.870 OK. 05:17.910 --> 05:24.950 It is Harry Reid the writer for owner or the user then for a group it is having read write and for other 05:24.960 --> 05:27.650 users it is having only read access. 05:27.660 --> 05:29.880 So how to change the permissions. 05:30.180 --> 05:37.540 So with the permission there are two methods to change or set the permissions for a file or folder. 05:37.620 --> 05:40.430 The first one is alphabetic order. 05:40.440 --> 05:41.340 You can call it. 05:41.340 --> 05:46.050 It takes permission and the next one is numeric mid-tone. 05:46.080 --> 05:49.800 So let's see how to apply different permissions here. 05:49.970 --> 05:54.000 That text Rogel textual Stylistics still way. 05:54.060 --> 06:01.050 So you know there is a common quality more it's used more you can search different permissions for a 06:01.050 --> 06:02.540 file or folder. 06:02.910 --> 06:12.030 So suppose I want to set the permissions for the user so to stype you then the permission you need to 06:12.050 --> 06:13.490 add a symbol. 06:13.710 --> 06:19.340 And suppose I want to add only what I want to add or read write promotion. 06:19.370 --> 06:28.540 R stands for W4 right and x4 execute and then the file name the file name is still student be XTi. 06:28.560 --> 06:30.820 Now let's do. 06:30.930 --> 06:33.260 Sorry Alice. 06:33.480 --> 06:39.690 And here you can see we set the permissions for the user that is read write and execute. 06:39.990 --> 06:44.240 And for a group there is only a read and write permission. 06:44.770 --> 06:52.270 So suppose I want to set the same permission for group and then just replace this youth with G. 06:52.320 --> 06:55.630 Now is permissions applied to the group. 06:56.280 --> 06:58.070 So let's view. 06:58.260 --> 07:03.550 And now here you can see the read write and execute permissions applied to the group. 07:03.930 --> 07:11.850 And suppose I want to pare it to other users means the user which are not belonging to the group ok. 07:11.970 --> 07:14.780 Or it is not the owner of the file. 07:14.810 --> 07:21.720 Then for those kinds of user I want to add the simple machine that is read write and execute and then 07:21.720 --> 07:26.100 simply replace this it all or stands for other uses. 07:26.100 --> 07:30.620 And hit enter and see here again. 07:30.780 --> 07:37.890 Now here you can see user group and other users all are having the read write execute permission for 07:37.890 --> 07:38.670 this file. 07:38.850 --> 07:46.070 I get in this way you can set the permissions for a file with prophecy is more common and what you do 07:46.140 --> 07:49.750 if you want to remove the permissions from a file. 07:50.070 --> 07:52.240 So just replace this symbol. 07:52.350 --> 07:59.160 When this enter and let's see the result. 07:59.290 --> 08:05.700 OK here you can see all the permissions are removed for the other users. 08:05.710 --> 08:10.880 Suppose I want to insert only read the permissions. 08:10.870 --> 08:15.560 Now just read on. 08:16.040 --> 08:23.950 And here you can see other uses and having only the permissions in this way you can set the permissions. 08:24.430 --> 08:30.200 OK you can add all the permission at that time or remove all the permissions for a file. 08:30.370 --> 08:42.240 OK at the same time with the technique like this you all OK and just minus and then right x. 08:42.250 --> 08:50.380 I want to remove right and exclude permissions from all that is user group and other people or other 08:50.680 --> 08:59.430 users then simply hit enter and no let's view helis. 09:00.460 --> 09:06.260 And here you can see I've removed the right and executive permissions for user group and other users 09:06.310 --> 09:10.840 and here only reader permission is allowed for all the users. 09:10.980 --> 09:20.180 And in the same way you can add this permission at the same time that is with the help of this combination 09:20.180 --> 09:26.070 the Yuji hopeless in the blue that is only read and write. 09:26.260 --> 09:29.090 Now let's view. 09:30.110 --> 09:30.580 OK. 09:30.580 --> 09:35.570 Now here again the user group and other users are having the read write permission. 09:35.590 --> 09:41.210 So in this way you can set or remove the permissions for a file. 09:41.590 --> 09:46.960 Ok this is the alphabetic or textual way to add the permissions. 09:47.000 --> 09:48.090 OK under Linux. 09:48.130 --> 09:51.250 So the next way I would like to show you is the numeric way. 09:51.430 --> 10:00.720 So in the normal form for really permission there is a value collarless for an For write permission. 10:00.730 --> 10:03.800 Number two is used and for secured permission. 10:03.820 --> 10:05.320 Number one is user. 10:05.440 --> 10:14.170 So if you want to had real permissions for all get the permission Neki for all that is user group and 10:14.170 --> 10:17.510 other users you can simply use food for food. 10:17.630 --> 10:18.350 OK. 10:18.460 --> 10:19.680 And hit enter. 10:19.720 --> 10:21.320 Now let's view. 10:21.930 --> 10:22.370 OK. 10:22.420 --> 10:28.660 Now here you can see the root permission is applied to all these user groups and other users. 10:29.080 --> 10:33.150 And suppose we want to add a read and write permission. 10:33.190 --> 10:41.710 So what do you need to do is you need to fall in to do get out of 4 and 2 and then four plus two is 10:41.710 --> 10:42.400 six. 10:42.400 --> 10:55.360 So six now read and write permissions that apply to the user id enter Gil sorry again not read write 10:55.360 --> 10:57.850 permissions are applied to the user. 10:57.850 --> 11:04.240 And if you want to add all the permissions to the user then you need to add the exact permission means 11:04.240 --> 11:07.000 one to this six that is seven. 11:07.420 --> 11:07.980 OK. 11:08.140 --> 11:11.150 So dental. 11:12.460 --> 11:17.150 And now read write execute permissions are applied to the user here. 11:17.270 --> 11:17.680 OK. 11:17.800 --> 11:18.860 Or the owner. 11:19.120 --> 11:25.780 So in this way you can't simply do this mathematical combination or numeric combination and you can 11:25.840 --> 11:29.560 apply the permissions to the file. 11:29.560 --> 11:36.940 Suppose I want to apply these permissions to all that user group and or do then I can simply add this 11:36.940 --> 11:39.110 convention here 7 7 7. 11:39.490 --> 11:40.100 OK. 11:40.390 --> 11:42.150 Now let's do the research. 11:42.490 --> 11:48.360 And here you can see for all that is user group and other users all the permissions are applied. 11:48.480 --> 11:49.160 OK. 11:49.510 --> 11:57.450 So in this way you can set the permissions for a file or folder inside the Linux environment. 11:57.490 --> 11:57.960 OK. 11:58.190 --> 11:58.450 OK. 11:58.450 --> 11:59.720 There are some switches. 11:59.770 --> 12:00.520 OK. 12:00.550 --> 12:02.350 You can use here. 12:02.360 --> 12:04.610 Go see it's more common I suppose. 12:04.840 --> 12:09.340 There is a directory and subdirectory and you want to like the result could then. 12:09.390 --> 12:13.860 In which case you can use the switch Ifan are OK. 12:14.080 --> 12:22.030 And if you want to apply the result OK to each file inside a directory then in that case you can use 12:22.270 --> 12:23.590 her fancy. 12:23.920 --> 12:26.880 And if there are some error messages. 12:27.220 --> 12:33.520 Is this command is showing then in that case you can use Hi-Point have to block that error messages 12:33.580 --> 12:35.160 in the output. 12:35.170 --> 12:42.350 There is also a technique to apply if you said 0 0 0 ok then all the permissions are removed. 12:42.340 --> 12:44.010 Here from this file. 12:44.080 --> 12:49.050 So if you are trying to read it let's look at student Lochley XTi. 12:49.120 --> 12:49.410 OK. 12:49.420 --> 12:51.640 It says permission is denied. 12:51.640 --> 12:56.370 You need to be sudo access or administrator Google these file contents. 12:57.310 --> 13:06.520 So now after removing here all the permissions if you want to add the permission to user group and to 13:06.550 --> 13:09.790 other users then you can simply go like this. 13:09.800 --> 13:17.020 école who are the X this will add a read write an executive permissions all OK. 13:17.090 --> 13:21.790 So don't tell us. 13:22.640 --> 13:26.150 And here you can see all the permissions applied. 13:26.350 --> 13:34.860 So in this way you can manage or set up the permissions file or folder and you can block an authorized 13:34.880 --> 13:36.390 user access. 13:36.400 --> 13:36.960 OK. 13:37.060 --> 13:38.840 With the help of these permissions.