WEBVTT 1 00:00:00.400 --> 00:00:01.890 Hi guys and welcome back. 2 00:00:01.890 --> 00:00:03.760 In this video, we're going to be completing 3 00:00:03.760 --> 00:00:06.280 our user menu and finishing stage one 4 00:00:06.280 --> 00:00:07.500 of our application. 5 00:00:07.500 --> 00:00:09.100 Just as a reminder, let's quickly go through 6 00:00:09.100 --> 00:00:10.287 the code that we've got right now. 7 00:00:10.287 --> 00:00:15.150 This here is app.py our main user interaction file. 8 00:00:15.150 --> 00:00:17.981 We've got our menu, that let's users pick from their options 9 00:00:17.981 --> 00:00:21.350 then we print a welcome, create the tables 10 00:00:21.350 --> 00:00:23.830 with our database and then we have our loop 11 00:00:23.830 --> 00:00:25.387 that runs the menu over and over 12 00:00:25.387 --> 00:00:26.970 allowing the user to pick different things 13 00:00:26.970 --> 00:00:28.470 and we're gonna do different things 14 00:00:28.470 --> 00:00:30.460 depending on their input. 15 00:00:30.460 --> 00:00:32.470 Then we've got database.py, 16 00:00:32.470 --> 00:00:33.970 where we have all our queries, 17 00:00:33.970 --> 00:00:37.180 and a few functions that allow us to interact 18 00:00:37.180 --> 00:00:39.850 with a database from another Python file. 19 00:00:39.850 --> 00:00:42.908 We've got create tables, that runs and creates the tables, 20 00:00:42.908 --> 00:00:45.290 we've got add movie, to insert a new movie 21 00:00:45.290 --> 00:00:47.570 into the database, given two arguments. 22 00:00:47.570 --> 00:00:50.110 We've got get movies that retrieves movies 23 00:00:50.110 --> 00:00:54.390 that might be upcoming or old movies if this is false. 24 00:00:54.390 --> 00:00:56.320 Watch movie, that sets a movie to watch 25 00:00:56.320 --> 00:00:58.660 by updating the table. 26 00:00:58.660 --> 00:01:01.300 And get watched movies which only returns 27 00:01:01.300 --> 00:01:03.510 those movies that have already been watched. 28 00:01:03.510 --> 00:01:05.470 So let's go over to app.py 29 00:01:05.470 --> 00:01:07.760 and start filling in this menu. 30 00:01:07.760 --> 00:01:09.090 The first thing we're gonna want to do 31 00:01:09.090 --> 00:01:11.020 is to add new movies. 32 00:01:11.020 --> 00:01:13.330 So what I usually like to do here 33 00:01:13.330 --> 00:01:15.753 is to go ahead and create a prompt 34 00:01:15.753 --> 00:01:19.320 add movie function just because this function here 35 00:01:19.320 --> 00:01:22.360 is going to ask the user for a couple of pieces of data 36 00:01:22.360 --> 00:01:26.170 it might parse some dates and call the database file, 37 00:01:26.170 --> 00:01:28.930 so it makes sense to have it in it's own function. 38 00:01:28.930 --> 00:01:30.210 Remember that functions in Python 39 00:01:30.210 --> 00:01:33.010 like having two lines at the start and at the end. 40 00:01:33.010 --> 00:01:34.644 So I'm just gonna add that in to give it a bit more 41 00:01:34.644 --> 00:01:36.440 room to breathe. 42 00:01:36.440 --> 00:01:37.804 So the first thing we want to do here 43 00:01:37.804 --> 00:01:40.750 is find out the data we need from the user, 44 00:01:40.750 --> 00:01:41.913 so that's gonna be title, 45 00:01:41.913 --> 00:01:45.450 and we're gonna add movie title in here 46 00:01:45.450 --> 00:01:49.230 and we also need the release date. 47 00:01:49.230 --> 00:01:52.810 So we're gonna do input of release date, 48 00:01:52.810 --> 00:01:56.415 in dd, mm, yyyy format. 49 00:01:56.415 --> 00:01:59.040 This just means day, month, year, 50 00:01:59.040 --> 00:02:01.100 you can pick whichever date format you want in here 51 00:02:01.100 --> 00:02:02.564 we're gonna learn how to parse those 52 00:02:02.564 --> 00:02:05.040 into a timestamp just now. 53 00:02:05.040 --> 00:02:07.520 So now that we've got a string representing the date 54 00:02:07.520 --> 00:02:09.180 presumably in this format, 55 00:02:09.180 --> 00:02:12.130 we can use the date time module to parse it. 56 00:02:12.130 --> 00:02:15.120 So let's go over to the top and above our import 57 00:02:15.120 --> 00:02:17.410 we're gonna import the date time module. 58 00:02:17.410 --> 00:02:19.880 The reason why I put it above our import by the way, 59 00:02:19.880 --> 00:02:21.150 is because normally in Python 60 00:02:21.150 --> 00:02:23.840 you will import you know the standard library, 61 00:02:23.840 --> 00:02:25.490 the modules that come with Python 62 00:02:25.490 --> 00:02:28.130 at the very top you're own modules after that. 63 00:02:28.130 --> 00:02:29.810 So that's why I'm doing that. 64 00:02:29.810 --> 00:02:33.360 And here we are going to then go ahead and parse this. 65 00:02:33.360 --> 00:02:34.193 The first thing we're going to do is 66 00:02:34.193 --> 00:02:37.770 to use a date time module to parse 67 00:02:37.770 --> 00:02:41.410 the string into a date time object. 68 00:02:41.410 --> 00:02:42.830 When we have a date time object, 69 00:02:42.830 --> 00:02:45.990 we can very easily get the timestamp that it represents. 70 00:02:45.990 --> 00:02:47.760 So we will do parsed date, 71 00:02:47.760 --> 00:02:49.990 is gonna equal to datetime.datetime 72 00:02:49.990 --> 00:02:51.870 and that just gives us the date time class 73 00:02:51.870 --> 00:02:53.730 inside the date time module. 74 00:02:53.730 --> 00:02:58.730 And then we're gonna use STRP time for string, parse, time 75 00:02:58.770 --> 00:03:01.450 to parse the string into a date time. 76 00:03:01.450 --> 00:03:02.930 And this takes two arguments, 77 00:03:02.930 --> 00:03:05.070 the release date string in this case, 78 00:03:05.070 --> 00:03:06.823 which should be in this format, 79 00:03:06.823 --> 00:03:09.780 and then it also takes a format string 80 00:03:09.780 --> 00:03:11.560 or something to tell the date time module 81 00:03:11.560 --> 00:03:14.420 what format this string is in. 82 00:03:14.420 --> 00:03:16.150 So that is gonna be percent D 83 00:03:16.150 --> 00:03:18.310 and that tells the date time module that 84 00:03:18.310 --> 00:03:23.000 we've got essentially two numbers as the date of the month, 85 00:03:23.000 --> 00:03:25.090 then percent M that tells the date time object 86 00:03:25.090 --> 00:03:28.730 that we've got the two numbers as the month of the year, 87 00:03:28.730 --> 00:03:31.630 and then percent uppercase Y that tells the date time module 88 00:03:31.630 --> 00:03:34.440 that we've got four digits as the year. 89 00:03:34.440 --> 00:03:36.390 Notice that these are separated by dashes 90 00:03:36.390 --> 00:03:39.620 just like we have in our user prompt there 91 00:03:39.620 --> 00:03:42.150 which means that we should expect this here 92 00:03:42.150 --> 00:03:45.280 to be matching the input that the user typed. 93 00:03:45.280 --> 00:03:47.820 Now that we've got that, we have a date time object. 94 00:03:47.820 --> 00:03:50.230 And as you can remember from the database module, 95 00:03:50.230 --> 00:03:54.330 we can now do timestamp equal parsed date.timestamp 96 00:03:54.330 --> 00:03:56.950 calling the method in the date time object 97 00:03:56.950 --> 00:03:59.670 gives us the timestamp that it represents. 98 00:03:59.670 --> 00:04:00.800 And now that we have all that, 99 00:04:00.800 --> 00:04:03.483 we can simply call database.add movie, 100 00:04:04.880 --> 00:04:06.965 pass it in the title and the timestamp, 101 00:04:06.965 --> 00:04:10.440 and we're good to go, that should be added to the table. 102 00:04:10.440 --> 00:04:12.120 We can simply now call this function 103 00:04:12.120 --> 00:04:13.520 from the user menu 104 00:04:14.700 --> 00:04:16.810 and that should be asked with the ability to 105 00:04:16.810 --> 00:04:18.220 add new movies. 106 00:04:18.220 --> 00:04:19.340 I would recommend at this point 107 00:04:19.340 --> 00:04:22.350 to run your code and see if it works. 108 00:04:22.350 --> 00:04:23.721 So we're gonna run the code, 109 00:04:23.721 --> 00:04:27.320 go into the db browser to check out the file 110 00:04:27.320 --> 00:04:30.800 that this creates and see if a movie appears in there. 111 00:04:30.800 --> 00:04:34.520 So we'll do Python app.py, 112 00:04:34.520 --> 00:04:36.060 and then we're gonna add the new movie 113 00:04:36.060 --> 00:04:39.050 for example The Matrix by, 114 00:04:39.050 --> 00:04:40.730 oh I actually don't know when it was released, 115 00:04:40.730 --> 00:04:42.510 let's say the first of January, 2002 116 00:04:43.670 --> 00:04:44.560 and there we go. 117 00:04:44.560 --> 00:04:46.790 So now what we wanna do is go into db browser 118 00:04:46.790 --> 00:04:50.040 and see if we have inserted a timestamp, 119 00:04:50.040 --> 00:04:52.487 a long set of numbers as the release date 120 00:04:52.487 --> 00:04:54.050 and of course whether the movie is there 121 00:04:54.050 --> 00:04:55.600 and has the correct name. 122 00:04:55.600 --> 00:04:57.440 So I'm gonna exit by typing six 123 00:04:57.440 --> 00:04:59.290 and then let's go over to db browser. 124 00:05:01.100 --> 00:05:02.900 So we're here in db browser 125 00:05:02.900 --> 00:05:06.170 and you can see that I've got my movies table created, 126 00:05:06.170 --> 00:05:08.620 we can go ahead into browse data 127 00:05:08.620 --> 00:05:12.170 and you'll see that The Matrix is here, 128 00:05:12.170 --> 00:05:15.000 and we've got our timestamp there, 129 00:05:15.000 --> 00:05:18.120 notice that the timestamp is a float or a real number 130 00:05:18.120 --> 00:05:20.249 as we've selected when we created our table, 131 00:05:20.249 --> 00:05:23.000 but that's totally fine, timestamps can have 132 00:05:23.000 --> 00:05:26.004 you know decimal numbers if they are fractions of a second 133 00:05:26.004 --> 00:05:29.020 in some cases, in this case though, it is not. 134 00:05:29.020 --> 00:05:31.360 Notice that the watched column has a value of zero 135 00:05:31.360 --> 00:05:33.400 because we haven't seen this movie yet. 136 00:05:33.400 --> 00:05:36.390 All right, so I recommend that as we go along, 137 00:05:36.390 --> 00:05:38.810 every time we add a new function to the menu, 138 00:05:38.810 --> 00:05:41.710 you run your programme, try it out, 139 00:05:41.710 --> 00:05:42.740 look at db browser, 140 00:05:42.740 --> 00:05:45.280 make sure that the things that should be there 141 00:05:45.280 --> 00:05:47.000 are indeed there 142 00:05:47.000 --> 00:05:49.040 and that is going to let you find any problems, 143 00:05:49.040 --> 00:05:51.298 before your app gets really long and complicated 144 00:05:51.298 --> 00:05:53.270 and it's difficult to find stuff in it. 145 00:05:53.270 --> 00:05:54.710 In order to save you time though, 146 00:05:54.710 --> 00:05:57.280 I'm not going to be doing that every step of the way, 147 00:05:57.280 --> 00:06:00.070 but you should do that as you code along with me. 148 00:06:00.070 --> 00:06:02.120 So let's say that the user enters two, 149 00:06:02.120 --> 00:06:05.000 now we want to view upcoming movies, 150 00:06:05.000 --> 00:06:07.640 so we're going to create a new function here, 151 00:06:07.640 --> 00:06:11.920 print movie list, and that is going to take a set of movies, 152 00:06:11.920 --> 00:06:13.030 or a list of movies, 153 00:06:13.030 --> 00:06:16.293 and it's going to print upcoming movies, 154 00:06:17.270 --> 00:06:19.660 and then we're going to go through 155 00:06:19.660 --> 00:06:22.620 the movies for movie in movies, 156 00:06:22.620 --> 00:06:25.433 and then we're going to print the movie information. 157 00:06:29.150 --> 00:06:31.280 So here we're simply printing movie zero 158 00:06:31.280 --> 00:06:32.480 which is the title, 159 00:06:32.480 --> 00:06:35.250 and movie one which is the timestamp. 160 00:06:35.250 --> 00:06:39.740 And then we're going to add that. 161 00:06:39.740 --> 00:06:41.590 So that's just a few dashes there 162 00:06:41.590 --> 00:06:42.850 and a new line character, 163 00:06:42.850 --> 00:06:44.880 so that the next time that we print something out, 164 00:06:44.880 --> 00:06:47.710 it appears on the next line or two lines down really. 165 00:06:47.710 --> 00:06:49.550 Okay, now we can go ahead 166 00:06:49.550 --> 00:06:53.015 and do something like this, print movie list, 167 00:06:53.015 --> 00:06:56.630 but of course we do have to pass in a bunch of movies 168 00:06:56.630 --> 00:06:57.790 that we want to print out 169 00:06:57.790 --> 00:07:02.350 so we'll do movies equal database.get movies, 170 00:07:02.350 --> 00:07:04.270 and we're gonna pass in true. 171 00:07:04.270 --> 00:07:07.100 Remember two views upcoming movies, 172 00:07:07.100 --> 00:07:09.080 so we want to pass true to get movies, 173 00:07:09.080 --> 00:07:11.170 so that we get only the upcoming movies, 174 00:07:11.170 --> 00:07:13.690 I'll open this database.py here, 175 00:07:13.690 --> 00:07:16.590 and remember that get movies has the upcoming parameter 176 00:07:16.590 --> 00:07:18.230 that defaults to false, 177 00:07:18.230 --> 00:07:20.440 but we're passing in true so that we will only get 178 00:07:20.440 --> 00:07:22.050 the upcoming movies. 179 00:07:22.050 --> 00:07:24.840 Then remember to pass in the movies list 180 00:07:24.840 --> 00:07:27.950 into print movie list as the argument. 181 00:07:27.950 --> 00:07:30.700 Let's move over to three and print all the movies, 182 00:07:30.700 --> 00:07:32.210 what we have to do is actually, 183 00:07:32.210 --> 00:07:34.480 basically the same but instead of true here, 184 00:07:34.480 --> 00:07:35.510 just don't pass anything 185 00:07:35.510 --> 00:07:37.000 and it's gonna default to false, 186 00:07:37.000 --> 00:07:38.570 then we're gonna get all the movies 187 00:07:38.570 --> 00:07:40.310 and we're gonna print them out. 188 00:07:40.310 --> 00:07:41.930 However, something interesting to note, 189 00:07:41.930 --> 00:07:43.079 is that the print movie list 190 00:07:43.079 --> 00:07:45.670 always prints upcoming movies 191 00:07:45.670 --> 00:07:49.200 as a string, even when we've selected all movies. 192 00:07:49.200 --> 00:07:50.340 So instead of what were going to do 193 00:07:50.340 --> 00:07:53.470 is were going to accept a heading in here 194 00:07:53.470 --> 00:07:55.790 and we're going to instead of upcoming, 195 00:07:55.790 --> 00:07:58.910 just put the heading and then we're going to pass in 196 00:07:58.910 --> 00:08:02.173 either upcoming, or all, 197 00:08:03.610 --> 00:08:05.810 into the argument list there 198 00:08:05.810 --> 00:08:08.690 so that we will either print upcoming movies, 199 00:08:08.690 --> 00:08:10.200 or all movies. 200 00:08:10.200 --> 00:08:11.510 Now let's run this again, 201 00:08:11.510 --> 00:08:12.760 I know I said I wouldn't, 202 00:08:12.760 --> 00:08:14.380 but I wanted to show you what happens 203 00:08:14.380 --> 00:08:15.420 when you view the movies 204 00:08:15.420 --> 00:08:18.730 you got The Matrix on and in a timestamp of course 205 00:08:18.730 --> 00:08:20.130 because that is the value 206 00:08:20.130 --> 00:08:21.780 that's coming back from the column. 207 00:08:21.780 --> 00:08:23.750 And so we want to change that 208 00:08:23.750 --> 00:08:27.120 so that instead of the timestamp, we see the entire date. 209 00:08:27.120 --> 00:08:28.933 So again we're gonna use the daytime module 210 00:08:28.933 --> 00:08:32.440 to parse the timestamp into a daytime object 211 00:08:32.440 --> 00:08:36.320 and then the daytime object to converted into a string. 212 00:08:36.320 --> 00:08:39.210 So the movie date variable is gonna be our date time object, 213 00:08:39.210 --> 00:08:42.551 is datetime.datetime from timestamp 214 00:08:42.551 --> 00:08:46.720 on movie one, and then the human date is gonna be 215 00:08:46.720 --> 00:08:51.720 the movie date.STRFtime for string, format, time 216 00:08:52.150 --> 00:08:54.320 and then we pass in, just like we did here, 217 00:08:54.320 --> 00:08:57.310 a string representing the format that the want 218 00:08:57.310 --> 00:08:59.430 the timestamp to be converted to. 219 00:08:59.430 --> 00:09:01.550 And here I'm not gonna use the M or Y 220 00:09:01.550 --> 00:09:04.440 I'm gonna use B, D, Y, 221 00:09:04.440 --> 00:09:05.750 I think that's a little bit more readable 222 00:09:05.750 --> 00:09:06.770 when you're printing things out. 223 00:09:06.770 --> 00:09:10.170 But that is gonna show the month, day and year, 224 00:09:10.170 --> 00:09:12.260 but the month is gonna be a three letter string, 225 00:09:12.260 --> 00:09:13.700 now instead of movie one here, 226 00:09:13.700 --> 00:09:16.090 we want to print the human date. 227 00:09:16.090 --> 00:09:17.260 All right, let's show you that 228 00:09:17.260 --> 00:09:19.320 so that you can see it works, 229 00:09:19.320 --> 00:09:22.340 you an see that The Matrix was released on Jan, 230 00:09:22.340 --> 00:09:23.793 oh one, 2002. 231 00:09:24.730 --> 00:09:26.660 If you wanted to show the day first, 232 00:09:26.660 --> 00:09:28.470 then that's totally fine, just walk them around, 233 00:09:28.470 --> 00:09:31.220 say something like D, B, Y 234 00:09:31.220 --> 00:09:33.290 and you can do that if you prefer. 235 00:09:33.290 --> 00:09:36.760 All right so we've got inputs one, two and three sorted 236 00:09:36.760 --> 00:09:38.690 now we need to move on to four, 237 00:09:38.690 --> 00:09:41.080 which is to mark a movie as watched. 238 00:09:41.080 --> 00:09:43.280 Here what we're gonna do is ask the user 239 00:09:43.280 --> 00:09:45.006 what movie they want to mark as watched 240 00:09:45.006 --> 00:09:46.367 and then we will go and pass that 241 00:09:46.367 --> 00:09:48.250 in to our database function. 242 00:09:48.250 --> 00:09:51.760 So again, we're gonna create prompt, watch movie 243 00:09:51.760 --> 00:09:53.890 and this function here is going to ask the user 244 00:09:53.890 --> 00:09:56.920 for the movie title, we're gonna ask them something like 245 00:09:56.920 --> 00:09:59.223 enter movie title you've watched, 246 00:10:00.580 --> 00:10:04.040 and then we're going to simply do database.watch movie 247 00:10:04.040 --> 00:10:05.530 and pass in the movie title, 248 00:10:05.530 --> 00:10:07.260 as you know that's going to pass that into the query 249 00:10:07.260 --> 00:10:09.910 and that's gonna run updating our database. 250 00:10:09.910 --> 00:10:12.230 Then in here we can say prompt, 251 00:10:12.230 --> 00:10:14.050 watch movie and that's it. 252 00:10:14.050 --> 00:10:17.670 The last thing is to print out the watched movies. 253 00:10:17.670 --> 00:10:19.850 Again, we're gonna use the thing that we used 254 00:10:19.850 --> 00:10:22.250 in two and three to print out the upcoming 255 00:10:22.250 --> 00:10:25.530 or all movies, but now instead of database.get movies 256 00:10:25.530 --> 00:10:28.070 we're gonna say get watched movies 257 00:10:28.070 --> 00:10:29.700 and that's gonna give us all the watched movies 258 00:10:29.700 --> 00:10:33.330 and in here we're gonna say watched movies instead. 259 00:10:33.330 --> 00:10:34.510 That's really about the gist of it 260 00:10:34.510 --> 00:10:36.590 and I'm sure you can see that now, 261 00:10:36.590 --> 00:10:39.400 the app.py code although it's you know 262 00:10:39.400 --> 00:10:40.560 it's starting to get a little bit long 263 00:10:40.560 --> 00:10:42.380 and there's a few date parsings 264 00:10:42.380 --> 00:10:43.656 and things like that in here, 265 00:10:43.656 --> 00:10:47.360 it's actually pretty easy to understand. 266 00:10:47.360 --> 00:10:49.780 All we're going is we're getting user data 267 00:10:49.780 --> 00:10:51.173 and we're interacting with a database 268 00:10:51.173 --> 00:10:54.060 passing in or retrieving data from it. 269 00:10:54.060 --> 00:10:56.640 As long as the database holds our truth 270 00:10:56.640 --> 00:10:58.040 about our application or the data 271 00:10:58.040 --> 00:11:00.290 that our application is working with, 272 00:11:00.290 --> 00:11:02.900 then all of the Python code is doing really 273 00:11:02.900 --> 00:11:05.450 is interacting with the database and adding, 274 00:11:05.450 --> 00:11:08.090 changing or retrieving stuff. 275 00:11:08.090 --> 00:11:10.700 Also remember that because all our data interactions 276 00:11:10.700 --> 00:11:13.900 are encapsulated in the database.py file, 277 00:11:13.900 --> 00:11:16.720 then all we have to do is make sure that that reflects 278 00:11:16.720 --> 00:11:19.350 what we want to use and we can just use that 279 00:11:19.350 --> 00:11:21.270 from other places and we don't really have to worry 280 00:11:21.270 --> 00:11:23.062 about how that works. 281 00:11:23.062 --> 00:11:26.140 For example, we can easily change this 282 00:11:26.140 --> 00:11:29.250 so that instead of SQLite is uses PostgreSQL 283 00:11:29.250 --> 00:11:31.960 and as long as we keep the same function names 284 00:11:31.960 --> 00:11:36.450 app.py is not gonna care what it's using in the background. 285 00:11:36.450 --> 00:11:37.710 All right thank you guys for watching 286 00:11:37.710 --> 00:11:40.470 remember to run the code, verify everything's working 287 00:11:40.470 --> 00:11:41.880 before you move on. 288 00:11:41.880 --> 00:11:43.040 I hope you enjoyed this video 289 00:11:43.040 --> 00:11:44.690 and I'll see you in the next one.