WEBVTT 00:00.960 --> 00:01.860 Hi there. 00:01.890 --> 00:07.920 In this lecture we see Anatoly Karpov against Garry Kasparov in the 1994 Karpov Kasparov World Championship 00:07.920 --> 00:09.150 match, round three. 00:10.110 --> 00:12.900 So we have E four from Karpov. 00:14.610 --> 00:16.010 These are still in defense. 00:16.020 --> 00:24.860 We have 93, e6d4c takes the 419 6490 69b5, D six. 00:24.870 --> 00:27.450 And now Karpov chooses a miracle D bind. 00:27.480 --> 00:31.860 So C four tries to get a bind on B five and D five here. 00:32.310 --> 00:34.980 This is a great positional choice. 00:35.550 --> 00:41.970 We have 9f6 .12 c3a6 93. 00:42.720 --> 00:44.970 Bishop e seven Bishop E two. 00:44.970 --> 00:47.400 Both sides Castle B six. 00:47.400 --> 00:51.060 So Karpov has great positional control here. 00:51.270 --> 00:57.750 From the opening we have Bishop E three targeting B six, Bishop B seven. 00:57.990 --> 00:59.370 And now a very interesting move. 00:59.370 --> 01:00.140 Queen B free. 01:00.150 --> 01:05.210 So the idea is just to try and get back to defend that B six target. 01:05.220 --> 01:11.850 So for example, 97 and one could get a very comfortable looking position here, even though objectively 01:11.850 --> 01:12.780 it's about equal. 01:12.790 --> 01:15.990 White does look quite comfortable here. 01:16.620 --> 01:20.610 But Kasparov actually had a novelty move in mind. 01:20.610 --> 01:23.580 He actually played Knight a five. 01:24.330 --> 01:33.570 So this hits the queen and it also looks at E four cup off here, accepts the challenge and plays Queen 01:33.570 --> 01:36.360 Saxbe six accepts this trail of pawns. 01:36.360 --> 01:44.400 Queen two is possible, but Black could play 9c6 and this is an even position but Queen B six, we have 01:44.400 --> 01:45.780 nine takes E four. 01:47.130 --> 01:50.760 There's a little bit of controversy. 01:50.760 --> 01:51.600 You might think here. 01:51.600 --> 01:54.810 It looks like a sense pawn has been traded for a flank pawn. 01:55.080 --> 01:57.320 So why would Karpov do this? 01:57.330 --> 02:04.380 Well, he does actually have a 3 to 1 pawn majority on this side of the board, and it's easier quite 02:04.380 --> 02:06.510 often if one's king is not behind it. 02:06.510 --> 02:10.770 So even though Black's got majority of pawns on this side of the board because the king's behind it, 02:10.770 --> 02:13.650 it's more difficult later to use that majority in general. 02:13.800 --> 02:15.030 So it is interesting. 02:15.030 --> 02:20.430 Knight takes E for Bishop, takes E for Queen, takes the eight, and now Bishop takes the eight. 02:21.240 --> 02:25.860 The thing is, if Rook eight takes the eight, tactics are super important. 02:26.190 --> 02:30.570 Bishop B six that would folk rock and knight winning in exchange. 02:30.780 --> 02:39.420 So Bishop takes D eight and now this does lead to a tempo gain actually because D six is neglected. 02:39.420 --> 02:46.170 Now Rook 81 with tempo and tempo is actually it's not just for attacking chess players, it's for any 02:46.170 --> 02:46.920 test players. 02:46.920 --> 02:52.890 If we can work with tempo, it's kind of safeguarding us from the amazing Wolf of resources. 02:52.890 --> 02:57.810 A very resourceful opponent, especially Garry Kasparov, has at their disposal if it's all working 02:57.810 --> 02:59.610 with tempo of positional play. 03:00.060 --> 03:03.300 So here attacking D six, we have D five. 03:03.390 --> 03:12.180 It seems Kasparov is not content to play Bishop E seven in this case, Knight B one improves that worse 03:12.180 --> 03:17.850 pace with a vengeance because now actually with Knight C free with tempo. 03:17.880 --> 03:22.260 This is the key thing, working with tempo and then a move like be free. 03:22.260 --> 03:28.590 We have a solid pawn structure here, free to one pawn majority and a nice fixed target on D six. 03:28.590 --> 03:35.920 This is a beauty of a position to take it further if need B seven for Bishop six Bishop Default White 03:35.940 --> 03:38.040 has a really nice pleasant advantage here. 03:38.220 --> 03:48.540 So D five is played instead we have a three bishop F five and yeah, this loses a pawn essentially. 03:48.540 --> 03:52.620 C takes D five, E takes Rook, takes D five. 03:52.620 --> 04:00.450 But is there a backfire with Bishop E6 skewing the rook and the pawn there before we even get into that 04:00.780 --> 04:02.700 C takes D five is interesting. 04:02.700 --> 04:04.260 You might have thought, well, what about g four? 04:04.260 --> 04:06.420 So there's no bishop e six later. 04:06.450 --> 04:10.590 The thing is G four weakens dark squares. 04:10.590 --> 04:18.630 So C takes E takes rook, takes rook here is more effective here than it was with the pawn on G two. 04:19.380 --> 04:24.180 Because if we play, for example, King F2, then unfortunately, can you see what black plays? 04:25.220 --> 04:25.700 Yeah. 04:26.490 --> 04:28.250 Bishop For just winning material. 04:28.300 --> 04:29.660 E Freeze dropping off there. 04:31.490 --> 04:39.770 So basically, if Rook FD won instead, which is resourceful against the eights, this position, it 04:39.770 --> 04:44.110 could end up with a slight advantage, but it's a bit of complexity we really don't need. 04:44.120 --> 04:45.980 So C takes his plate. 04:46.760 --> 04:47.750 E tanks. 04:47.870 --> 04:48.650 Rook tanks. 04:48.650 --> 04:48.980 D five. 04:49.010 --> 04:50.120 Allowing the skewer. 04:51.140 --> 04:52.490 But now rook dd six. 04:52.490 --> 04:53.600 So hitting a six. 04:53.600 --> 04:55.370 So it's still going to be a pawn up now. 04:55.370 --> 04:58.400 So still a pawn up again for two three pawns. 04:58.910 --> 05:02.540 It's only a one passport over here now, Rook eight. 05:02.570 --> 05:04.570 This actually makes things worse, though, for Smurf. 05:04.670 --> 05:07.650 If rook takes a six, Bishop takes a six. 05:07.670 --> 05:12.230 Bishop e seven White can improve the Knights with Knight B five. 05:12.230 --> 05:13.820 And it's a very pleasant position here. 05:13.910 --> 05:19.520 It's a small edge at least, but that's really what Kasparov should have played, it seems, because 05:19.550 --> 05:22.040 Rook actually makes things worse now. 05:22.730 --> 05:28.430 It seems maybe preparation let him down here. 05:28.430 --> 05:37.010 If this was all prepared gambit, maybe the team smarter team had expected Bishop D form, in which 05:37.010 --> 05:39.410 case might be free is interesting. 05:39.800 --> 05:41.510 And Bishop B six check. 05:41.510 --> 05:44.780 And here 90 C five kind of tries to win the rook. 05:45.500 --> 05:49.310 We have Bishop b4 but it gets to be just an even position. 05:49.310 --> 05:51.740 There's enough play for black hair for sure. 05:51.770 --> 06:00.740 That pawn is not really going to go anywhere if rook D one rook tanks B two This is plausible rook d2 06:00.770 --> 06:02.900 This position is actually plausible. 06:03.070 --> 06:09.650 Maybe free Bishop b4 with tempo rookie eight Bishop b five with tempo and this is actually rather nice 06:09.650 --> 06:11.330 after A it's crushing. 06:11.330 --> 06:14.150 So that was another plausible move it seems. 06:14.870 --> 06:16.370 Rook rd one here. 06:16.370 --> 06:23.840 This sets black some significant problems but okay, so we have Bishop C five though this is really 06:23.840 --> 06:28.970 nifty with tempo against the rook and there's another tempo gain at Bishop B five. 06:28.970 --> 06:31.790 So these tempo gainers improve the bishops. 06:31.790 --> 06:36.050 They're not so loose and is protected by the knight on a free they're with tempo. 06:36.050 --> 06:41.690 So restricting what really the opponent can do, trying to gain time for positional chess itself. 06:41.690 --> 06:45.320 So rookie sex is played if rook takes B five. 06:45.440 --> 06:50.540 This tactical idea of Bishop C doesn't work so well because of 96. 06:50.750 --> 06:53.650 So Bishop takes a six, nine, six, eight. 06:53.660 --> 06:57.770 This position leaves white with a nice advantage. 06:57.770 --> 07:04.460 It's much easier to exploit the pass born here in this two minor piece scenario so rookie six is played. 07:04.460 --> 07:14.000 We have b4 and now Knight B seven If knight be free Bishop f to Rook takes a sex bishop takes a six 07:14.000 --> 07:17.150 rook tanks B for rookie one is strong hair. 07:17.180 --> 07:19.820 That back row is a major liability. 07:21.800 --> 07:28.820 And say G six rookie eight check king G seven, rookie takes eight. 07:28.850 --> 07:30.160 It's just the major liability. 07:30.170 --> 07:36.500 The back row which echoes actually it foreshadows echoes what's going to come next in the game later. 07:36.500 --> 07:40.610 So Bishop F to Bishop E seven we have 9c2. 07:40.610 --> 07:51.680 So the threat here is on those of discovery on a 2.3 X with Bishop D five protecting that bishop by 07:51.680 --> 07:52.340 moving it. 07:52.340 --> 07:56.000 But another tempo game Rook rd one and it seems to go into a skewer. 07:56.000 --> 07:58.400 But Karpov has this under control. 07:58.430 --> 08:00.830 Guess what he plays here for 100 points. 08:04.200 --> 08:04.670 Yeah. 08:04.940 --> 08:06.060 Route 37. 08:06.390 --> 08:11.520 And it's got a simple idea behind it that actually we pressurized e seven. 08:11.520 --> 08:13.620 So we're threatening rook tanks and rook tanks. 08:13.620 --> 08:15.810 E seven Rook dear is played. 08:15.810 --> 08:21.840 If Bishop takes C2, rook takes e six getting the bishop back with interest. 08:21.870 --> 08:25.170 So here Bishop dd 7e6 We're being weak. 08:25.170 --> 08:32.550 We can afford Bishop C five to sort out our back row issues and here black will be in some pain in this 08:32.550 --> 08:32.940 position. 08:33.060 --> 08:34.530 It has a big advantage there. 08:35.460 --> 08:42.810 So, okay, Rook d a is played, but now here rook takes e six so trying to win that bishop on e seven. 08:43.380 --> 08:47.100 If rook takes B seven, this is plausible as well, actually. 08:47.100 --> 08:48.840 Rook D one check. 08:48.840 --> 08:51.090 There's 91 saving the day for white. 08:51.090 --> 08:55.230 This position leads to an advantage for white as well. 08:55.470 --> 08:57.900 So yes, that is possible. 08:59.250 --> 09:02.640 So anyway, rook tanks e six was played, which is great as well. 09:02.640 --> 09:03.930 Rook takes D seven. 09:04.260 --> 09:11.310 If bishop takes E six, we're just playing rook tanks e seven here material up. 09:11.310 --> 09:15.900 We've always got 91 if D one check as example. 09:15.900 --> 09:26.190 So Rook takes D seven and here though contemplates just a great move which sorts out all of Black's 09:26.190 --> 09:28.020 threats and is still with tempo. 09:28.050 --> 09:30.060 Can you see what it is for 500 points. 09:30.090 --> 09:31.500 Really nifty move here. 09:31.590 --> 09:33.630 Leaving black in a world of pain. 09:38.020 --> 09:40.360 So it's more of a pawn down, but off the rookie one. 09:41.260 --> 09:46.030 So safeguarding the rook means Bishop 67, is on the cards now. 09:47.320 --> 09:51.670 So what does black do if the rook leaves? 09:51.670 --> 09:56.140 The protection of the Bishop White will take because of Black's back row weakness. 09:57.100 --> 09:58.830 And here, for example, Rook RD, one check. 09:58.840 --> 10:00.880 91 Big advantage. 10:00.880 --> 10:01.670 Any king of fate. 10:01.670 --> 10:03.460 That's rookie Checkmate immediately. 10:03.460 --> 10:09.430 So Rook C seven was tried, but now again with tempo and it ends the game tempo winning move ends the 10:09.430 --> 10:11.410 game for 100 points. 10:11.410 --> 10:12.460 What would you play here? 10:14.490 --> 10:20.190 So yeah, there's a big reassurance layer when we do temperatures, even if it's attacking chess or 10:20.190 --> 10:26.580 positional chess, gaining tempo, gaining moves on the boards by force, limiting the opponent's replies 10:26.580 --> 10:29.280 means opponents can't be that resourceful. 10:29.280 --> 10:33.600 You know, sometimes tempo gaining is not you know, you have to look at what's happening in the position. 10:33.600 --> 10:35.700 Sometimes you have to assess the positions. 10:35.700 --> 10:40.020 It might be negative to try and gain tempo, but here Bishop risks crushing. 10:40.020 --> 10:41.220 End of game. 10:41.640 --> 10:48.000 If Rook takes C2, Rook takes E seven and the back row is a big problem. 10:48.000 --> 10:49.290 It's a really big problem. 10:49.290 --> 10:52.680 If G six rook takes B seven piece up. 10:52.680 --> 10:53.700 Thanks very much. 10:53.910 --> 11:00.000 If Knight RD six we play Bishop C five and one is black, do check King F two. 11:00.030 --> 11:01.200 There is a check. 11:01.200 --> 11:04.230 But now if we're careful, what would you play here for? 11:04.230 --> 11:05.430 500 points. 11:08.170 --> 11:09.400 Don't lose 500 points. 11:09.400 --> 11:11.500 There's a possibility of losing 500 points here. 11:12.280 --> 11:12.560 Yeah. 11:12.580 --> 11:14.760 King E one, not King G free. 11:14.770 --> 11:18.040 This goes into a workable configuration, 11:21.160 --> 11:22.210 potentially. 11:22.870 --> 11:25.590 And in fact, we can we can do much better than 95. 11:25.600 --> 11:27.940 We can actually play Rook take C five first. 11:28.480 --> 11:31.330 So it's like winning a whole rook with the check. 11:31.780 --> 11:36.240 So, no, we actually play King E one and this leaves black in big trouble. 11:36.250 --> 11:37.810 Check, check. 11:37.810 --> 11:39.160 King E two. 11:39.160 --> 11:41.200 No more significant checks. 11:42.430 --> 11:49.900 And if king for a rookie is checkmate because the knight being penned beautiful stuff if that carried 11:49.900 --> 11:50.260 on. 11:50.260 --> 11:52.270 But the game ended on Bishop six. 11:52.280 --> 12:01.300 I thought this was a magnificent example that we want a positional mindset, but we we also want to 12:01.330 --> 12:05.860 know what positional players in practice like Karpov, like Adams actually do. 12:05.950 --> 12:12.190 And if they gain tempos, it would be a big omission not to kind of emphasize that tempo. 12:12.190 --> 12:17.980 Gaining as part of positional chess, like in this game, really made the whole thing much smoother 12:17.980 --> 12:19.420 and more elegant of a game. 12:19.420 --> 12:24.160 More control was added, in fact, to the game, and positional players are about control. 12:24.160 --> 12:27.730 And if we can control the game with tempo gains, that's really good. 12:27.730 --> 12:28.630 Like this beautiful game. 12:28.630 --> 12:30.760 And this was a really critical match. 12:30.760 --> 12:37.630 It was a match in which Kasparov nearly got completely demolished by Karpov but came back in the end 12:37.630 --> 12:39.370 and then the match was abandoned. 12:40.570 --> 12:43.210 So it ended in a big controversy. 12:43.210 --> 12:47.470 But this was just in round three of the 1984 World Championship match. 12:47.620 --> 12:49.750 So there were immense amount of draws later. 12:49.750 --> 12:56.110 But yeah, this was absolutely Karpov made it look easy and looked like a strong favorite with this 12:56.110 --> 12:57.910 win early on in the match. 12:57.910 --> 13:00.280 Yeah, but it's the tempo Express trains. 13:00.280 --> 13:05.500 The tempo usage to my mind is very instructive and a great reminder. 13:05.500 --> 13:10.870 You know, positional chess can make use of tempos for sure, just like attacking players can make use 13:10.870 --> 13:11.710 of tempos. 13:12.250 --> 13:14.580 So winning tempo, winning time on the board. 13:14.590 --> 13:17.890 So in the extreme example, imagine you have two moves in a row. 13:17.920 --> 13:20.020 Often you can win from loads more positions. 13:20.020 --> 13:24.700 So winning tempo is really key and we see a lot of tempo gainers in this game. 13:24.820 --> 13:27.010 Okay, so much.