WEBVTT 00:00.880 --> 00:01.610 Hi there. 00:01.630 --> 00:05.230 In this lecture, we see Anatoly Karpov playing against Tigran Petrosian. 00:05.230 --> 00:09.610 So the two absolute icons of positional chess, two world champions. 00:10.300 --> 00:13.610 Basically, Petrosian is inspiration for Anatoly Karpov. 00:13.630 --> 00:17.950 He said that in interviews that his style is basically like Petrosian. 00:17.950 --> 00:22.030 But playing for a win in one of the Gibraltar interviews of Anatoly Karpov. 00:22.720 --> 00:28.090 So these players both basically they usually avoid dynamic pawn structures. 00:28.090 --> 00:31.390 They embrace positions very strongly. 00:31.390 --> 00:37.420 If opponents have dynamic pawn structures where opponents of say, got double pawns or isolated pawns, 00:37.420 --> 00:41.200 they love sucking the counterplay out of such positions. 00:41.200 --> 00:47.110 And then the opponents really just end up crumbling that they lose because of the weaknesses. 00:47.350 --> 00:51.280 So in this game, will one of the players here create weaknesses? 00:51.280 --> 01:00.700 Let's see E4 from Karpov C6 d4 D5 We have 92, so very solid Korakuen, which Kopf plays himself the 01:00.700 --> 01:13.380 comic Con we see 37 Bishop c49gf69g5 e6 Queen E to aim, I think hold on like B six Isn't this grabbing 01:13.400 --> 01:13.780 light squared? 01:13.780 --> 01:18.290 Bishop What if Queen takes the E4 is coming Bishop before is played. 01:18.310 --> 01:22.270 So the reason here is why can't Black take on D4? 01:22.840 --> 01:25.900 Can you see why for five points Black didn't do this? 01:27.490 --> 01:28.810 Yeah, we have a tempo gainer. 01:28.810 --> 01:30.190 Knight One, two, three. 01:30.490 --> 01:36.280 And actually here we can play 95 and it's very difficult for black to defend F seven. 01:36.760 --> 01:39.650 If Queen B five, we're going to take on B five and take on F seven. 01:39.670 --> 01:40.650 Thanks very much. 01:40.660 --> 01:42.580 And black structure is a bit of a wreck here. 01:42.580 --> 01:44.050 We've got a huge advantage here. 01:45.040 --> 01:52.210 So a five is played, a three, a four bishop, a2h6. 01:52.210 --> 01:57.760 The light goes back C five, C free Bishop D seven. 01:58.450 --> 02:02.830 If C takes the four, we don't have to have an isolated Queen's one we can take with a knight. 02:02.830 --> 02:05.020 And this position is about even. 02:05.590 --> 02:07.720 But Bishop de seven was played. 02:09.580 --> 02:12.340 We have now 95 C techs, C techs. 02:12.340 --> 02:14.440 So there is an isolated Queen's pawn situation. 02:14.440 --> 02:18.630 So is it Karpov playing with great risk, with a dynamic pawn structure? 02:18.640 --> 02:22.300 The isolated Queen's pawn does afford these hooks on C five and E five. 02:22.300 --> 02:24.820 There's activity on the adjacent files. 02:24.940 --> 02:27.670 Sometimes there's threats of sacrificing the knight. 02:28.060 --> 02:32.110 So is Karpov taking the role of an attacking player, sacrificing pawn structure? 02:32.110 --> 02:33.520 Here, let's have a look. 02:33.560 --> 02:37.360 Knight gm3 Black Castles, White Castles, Bishop E eight. 02:37.570 --> 02:44.380 So that reinforces the f seven pawn Bishop RD to Knight BD two five Rook fc one. 02:44.380 --> 02:45.460 Queen B six. 02:45.850 --> 02:47.170 Bishop C four. 02:48.250 --> 02:54.610 Bishop See six rook e one and now Knight see seven. 02:56.200 --> 03:02.560 So as if to play Bishop dd five to get a nice comfortable blockade on the RD five square. 03:02.980 --> 03:10.510 Karpov now takes on C six and it's actually black, which compromises his pawn structure a little bit 03:10.510 --> 03:12.040 with B, Take C six. 03:12.040 --> 03:14.620 So this is a bit of a sacrifice of pawn structure. 03:14.950 --> 03:22.600 So the basic premise is positional players usually love it when the opponent tries to play dynamically 03:22.600 --> 03:27.790 with their pawn structures because their play is designed to shut down counterplay. 03:28.300 --> 03:35.740 And the animal metaphors, the kind of snakes that strangle the opponents or the spiders that kind of 03:36.190 --> 03:44.830 paralyze and then then eat the victims later, You know, these animal metaphors like boa constrictor 03:44.830 --> 03:50.230 and spider, they're about letting your opponent have a bit of counterplay, but they fundamentally 03:50.230 --> 03:50.890 damage structure. 03:50.890 --> 03:56.200 If we can take the counterplay compensation out of the equation, we're left with bad pawns. 03:56.200 --> 03:59.290 But hear both sides, you could say, have bad pawns. 04:01.540 --> 04:03.970 So it's an interesting situation, it turns out here. 04:04.240 --> 04:08.240 Queen take C-6 is technically more accurate. 04:08.260 --> 04:09.130 Engines prefer this. 04:09.130 --> 04:11.800 It keeps the structure more intact for black. 04:11.890 --> 04:19.330 And if we take this situation, G 3.5 white has a like square bishop black counterpart. 04:19.330 --> 04:21.430 But this blockade is pretty solid looking. 04:21.430 --> 04:24.420 This should be about even they usually just draw that. 04:24.610 --> 04:26.080 They're good friends, I believe. 04:26.290 --> 04:29.710 I mean, Trojans, compas, hero, basically. 04:29.710 --> 04:34.690 But there's a risk incurred would be take C six. 04:35.170 --> 04:41.440 Sure black has in the short term some play on the B file and it looks as though well the blockade is 04:41.440 --> 04:42.250 going to be great. 04:42.250 --> 04:43.330 Where is white going to win? 04:43.540 --> 04:44.920 How is white going to win this? 04:46.480 --> 04:49.990 But yeah, definitely Queen C six is objectively more accurate. 04:49.990 --> 04:56.140 We see B, C six, Bishop four, CD five and now Bishop E five. 04:57.130 --> 05:00.820 Look 58, Rook 81 and now Bishop D six. 05:01.120 --> 05:02.500 We have Rook D two. 05:03.250 --> 05:04.810 Bishop 6e5. 05:04.810 --> 05:06.310 So this is an interesting moment. 05:06.310 --> 05:10.750 I mean, black's still got this potentially theoretical, you know, this weakness, this potential 05:10.750 --> 05:14.560 backward pawn on a semi foul. 05:14.560 --> 05:15.790 You know, this is like one way road. 05:15.820 --> 05:19.150 There's this weakness which makes it more exploitable than usual. 05:20.440 --> 05:22.720 C five instead seems more accurate. 05:22.720 --> 05:27.520 Just dissolve the weakness and dissolve whites weakness in the process. 05:27.730 --> 05:37.330 So no side has got a weak pawn structure in a way, and this should be only a small edge for white. 05:37.330 --> 05:40.450 This situation is only a small entry point. 05:41.890 --> 05:45.700 So for whatever reason this dissolving move wasn't played. 05:46.210 --> 05:54.160 Petrosian preferred bishop takes E five and Karpov now is improving his pawn structure. 05:54.160 --> 05:55.390 We have D takes E five. 05:55.420 --> 05:59.530 You can see that the white pawn structure is more solid than the black pawn structure. 06:00.040 --> 06:01.720 This is the best way to take. 06:01.720 --> 06:03.550 So there's a variety of reasons here. 06:03.550 --> 06:07.090 One is the best way, as well as getting rid of the isolated Queen's pawn. 06:07.090 --> 06:13.960 Sometimes maybe the fourth rank could be useful as well for targeting pawns later on. 06:13.960 --> 06:20.170 A For that for Frank, there is a victim here potentially, and we've given it more accessibility to 06:20.170 --> 06:30.550 that potential weak pawn victim know if we played Knight 25 there's no real point here for white black 06:30.550 --> 06:31.390 solid enough. 06:31.390 --> 06:32.320 There isn't enough. 06:32.320 --> 06:36.250 I say Queen's pawn perk here or even C six is not a big deal. 06:36.250 --> 06:37.090 So. 06:37.090 --> 06:40.270 And in Queen Tang's E five, let's say Rook five. 06:40.270 --> 06:44.800 This position is also not such a big deal, you know. 06:45.190 --> 06:47.440 Rook seven It's about even that. 06:47.440 --> 06:53.620 I say Queen's pawn is a big target, So d text gets rid of that target. 06:54.160 --> 06:57.640 We have 97 G free, 9f8. 06:57.730 --> 07:03.790 So it looks as though black's never really going to get mated with an idea of Bishop D three in Queen 07:03.790 --> 07:10.030 E four it's safe guiding h seven We have rook d one now Rook d seven. 07:11.020 --> 07:15.070 It seems here 97 might be another way of playing it. 07:15.070 --> 07:18.640 And this should only be a small edge for Waynes. 07:19.120 --> 07:29.650 But we've rook d seven let's say Queen E four we have rook B seven, rook C two and now rook aba rook 07:29.650 --> 07:32.920 rd 297. 07:33.070 --> 07:34.480 King G two. 07:35.530 --> 07:39.580 Queen H two Queen A five and H four. 07:40.300 --> 07:48.820 We have Rook D seven and our bishop E to rook d five rook d4. 07:49.000 --> 07:54.580 And now you can see that the four frank actually hold on and sic a four. 07:55.120 --> 07:57.580 Yeah, that takes was good, wasn't it? 07:57.580 --> 08:02.080 This for Frank statistically gives a lot of new resources. 08:02.080 --> 08:06.510 An extension of a square vacation move When we vacate square, we've got new resources. 08:06.510 --> 08:11.470 It's like statistically we've opened up the four frank, so we've got new resource possibilities across 08:11.470 --> 08:11.620 that. 08:11.620 --> 08:13.060 For Frank we've opened up pieces. 08:13.060 --> 08:15.070 So Rook takes a four is on the cards. 08:15.070 --> 08:16.870 So Petrosian took that off. 08:17.890 --> 08:18.970 Queen takes DD four. 08:18.970 --> 08:20.380 So is this such a big deal? 08:20.380 --> 08:24.940 C Six we have 95 which just offers C six up on a plate immediately. 08:24.940 --> 08:29.170 So why on earth would take and Petrosian just sacrificed the pawn here. 08:29.170 --> 08:33.130 So this is a big question about this game. 08:33.130 --> 08:35.260 Why give up C six? 08:35.350 --> 08:38.320 It's not as if b two is going to take in the Queen protects b two. 08:39.400 --> 08:42.400 If we look at this, if we look at nine, five is an alternative. 08:44.600 --> 08:45.440 Hitting the queen. 08:45.440 --> 08:47.540 So Queen E four, C five. 08:48.590 --> 08:51.920 We still have this kind of pool which is vulnerable. 08:51.920 --> 08:57.140 And in fact, let's have a look here at H five and let's say. 08:58.300 --> 09:01.450 Black plays energetically with G five. 09:01.480 --> 09:05.900 Here H takes 9/10. 09:05.920 --> 09:11.320 Bishop D Free ends up with a small armchair and this looks a bit frightening to create more structural 09:11.320 --> 09:11.710 weaknesses. 09:11.710 --> 09:14.770 But it's only a small edge if we look at alternatives. 09:17.740 --> 09:24.040 So instead of G five, let's say Black just was waiting for white to do something with the C five pawn. 09:24.040 --> 09:27.790 Remember, a four is also it's under strain the black position. 09:27.790 --> 09:31.480 The problem is Black's position is under strain with these weaknesses. 09:31.480 --> 09:37.480 Let's say Bishop de Fray, which kind of virtually pins the nine because there's possibilities of G 09:37.480 --> 09:46.330 for, let's say, Bishop DD three and let's say now Queen C six, nine, E seven. 09:48.060 --> 09:52.260 And we don't want to take on C five because taking A taking on B two. 09:52.260 --> 09:58.740 But let's say this position Y improves the pieces, improves the pieces and let's say G six. 09:58.740 --> 10:02.400 Now let's say we have this position. 10:05.070 --> 10:08.010 Is there enough compensation for Black's dynamic structure? 10:08.100 --> 10:12.600 So Black has the more dynamic structure than white because of these weaknesses. 10:13.170 --> 10:15.230 A retreat move is kind of deadly here. 10:15.240 --> 10:16.230 91. 10:19.320 --> 10:24.810 The nights coming to d free where it does the trick of defending and attacking. 10:25.510 --> 10:32.770 So say King G 793 blacks on the start point of being completely dismantled. 10:32.790 --> 10:35.070 So, so much for the dynamic structure. 10:35.160 --> 10:39.210 If C four we're taking on c four with the night protecting B two. 10:39.570 --> 10:42.360 If C eight, we're just going to take on C five. 10:46.060 --> 10:48.170 And then we've got all sorts of possibilities as well. 10:48.190 --> 10:50.710 Like 1966, this is just better for white. 10:50.710 --> 10:51.220 That's check. 10:51.220 --> 10:53.980 And then we've got all sorts of possibilities. 10:55.240 --> 11:00.040 So 95, we start to understand why this pawn sacrifice was played. 11:00.160 --> 11:05.890 Maybe frozen felt a sense of doom with that pawn. 11:05.890 --> 11:08.140 Anyway, so sacrificed it here. 11:08.740 --> 11:16.540 And this looks nifty for this diagonal for a moment rook C4 hammering this pawn again on a four. 11:16.570 --> 11:21.010 We have Queen B seven and rook C two, protecting B two. 11:21.100 --> 11:22.570 Like changing the mind Doesn't matter. 11:22.570 --> 11:24.070 We can change our mind in chess. 11:24.070 --> 11:26.650 We don't have to be biased by our previous moves. 11:27.370 --> 11:31.810 So Knight B six, But now Compas plays Bishop B five. 11:31.810 --> 11:35.650 So this like square bishop without the counterpart is making itself felt. 11:35.680 --> 11:46.510 There are options like taking a pawn, for example, on a four we have 9g6 if 95 bishops C six here 11:46.510 --> 11:52.210 is nice and then taking on a four protects the rook so you can see how black's getting dismantled. 11:52.570 --> 11:55.930 If we look at this again with Queen a six we can take. 11:57.550 --> 12:01.780 The pawn with the queen, in fact, here with a small edge. 12:01.960 --> 12:04.720 Or we can even just take on D five. 12:04.720 --> 12:06.100 And this shouldn't be a problem. 12:06.220 --> 12:11.920 This is also very nice for white to pawns up. 12:13.510 --> 12:15.220 So yeah, more than the small edge. 12:15.550 --> 12:21.670 So 9g6 was tried and now Queen D sinks. 12:23.730 --> 12:26.880 So not indulging any counterplay. 12:26.880 --> 12:27.840 This is the key thing. 12:27.840 --> 12:33.840 This pin is to be respected against the night with possibilities of nine takes e52. 12:33.840 --> 12:37.590 The Queen wants the guard on E five doesn't want to take on a four just yet. 12:37.590 --> 12:39.360 So Queen de six is played. 12:40.860 --> 12:45.510 And this introduces the possibility of a rook on the seven, which introduces juicy targets. 12:46.230 --> 12:54.030 We have Queen eight and this is a case of exploiting a file to get onto the ranks now. 12:54.540 --> 13:00.110 So the first well and the last move here, move 42 The answer to life, universe and everything. 13:00.120 --> 13:04.250 If you read Hitchhiker's Guide to Galaxy so I Move 42 is a decisive move. 13:04.260 --> 13:05.610 Can you see what that is? 13:15.420 --> 13:16.850 It's Bishop C six. 13:16.860 --> 13:19.110 It just improves the position even more. 13:19.110 --> 13:24.270 First, I'm pinning the knight and Petrosian resigned if Queen A seven point is here. 13:24.270 --> 13:25.650 Bishop e four. 13:26.670 --> 13:28.830 And that's with tempo because it's threatening. 13:28.830 --> 13:35.370 Bishop takes and queen takes off takes So so the knight goes back but now with tempo again rook c seven 13:35.370 --> 13:36.780 and there's not even a rook B seven. 13:36.780 --> 13:38.580 The bishop dominates that diagonal. 13:39.060 --> 13:41.520 The queen is taken out and there's winning moves here. 13:41.520 --> 13:43.200 There's plenty of winning moves now. 13:44.980 --> 13:48.610 So in this position, a simple one is takes of seven. 13:50.350 --> 13:52.360 Looking at the bait rook. 13:52.390 --> 13:54.400 Or we could play Queen E seven. 13:54.490 --> 13:55.660 So we're going to make soon. 13:55.660 --> 13:59.590 But as night BD seven and we get material, we just win material. 13:59.830 --> 14:02.320 This is just winning for white. 14:02.680 --> 14:08.380 So, yes, it's an interesting game between two absolute geniuses of positional play. 14:10.210 --> 14:17.080 And the inspiration, you could say, of Anatoly Karpov taking Petrosian and Petrosian himself influenced 14:17.080 --> 14:17.910 by Nimzowitsch. 14:17.920 --> 14:19.630 So we've got to study Nimzowitsch in this course. 14:19.630 --> 14:20.950 We've got to look at the roots. 14:22.540 --> 14:27.070 And Nimzowitsch was a firm believer in prophylaxis, so preventative measures. 14:27.070 --> 14:33.340 So prevention has its killer application in absorbing all the perks of a dynamic pawn structure. 14:33.340 --> 14:39.010 If someone doubles pawns or has an isolated pawn or a backward pawn, they're doing so for short term 14:39.010 --> 14:40.060 compensation. 14:40.690 --> 14:46.120 But if we use prevention a repeat until prevents prevent, prevent until the opponent's counterplay 14:46.120 --> 14:48.730 is non-existent, what are they left with? 14:48.940 --> 14:50.440 The left were weaknesses. 14:50.770 --> 14:52.060 And we also have the option. 14:52.060 --> 14:53.740 We don't even need to win those weaknesses. 14:53.740 --> 14:55.180 We don't need to win those pawns. 14:55.300 --> 14:56.890 We can go for a king attack. 14:57.340 --> 14:58.660 We have options. 14:58.780 --> 15:00.280 We don't always have to win material. 15:00.280 --> 15:01.120 We can go for the king. 15:01.660 --> 15:04.000 Checkmate and king ends end of the war. 15:04.000 --> 15:05.830 Not just the battle to win a pawn. 15:05.830 --> 15:06.780 It ends the war. 15:06.790 --> 15:10.420 So this shift to the seventh Frank is very instructive as well. 15:11.290 --> 15:15.670 So, yes, this domination, eventual domination of the board, getting to that seven Frank, is absolutely 15:15.670 --> 15:16.510 decisive. 15:16.720 --> 15:19.360 So there are various positional themes here. 15:19.660 --> 15:22.360 And yeah, this is a very special game. 15:22.630 --> 15:29.110 Petrosian rarely loses and it's a very special game between these two friends who have very similar 15:29.110 --> 15:30.490 boa constrictor styles. 15:30.490 --> 15:35.680 They're both called boa constrictors in their time, and Adams is another boa constrictor. 15:35.680 --> 15:39.220 Basically, you could all call them all spiders or boa constrictors. 15:39.220 --> 15:40.330 It's the same result. 15:40.330 --> 15:42.520 They paralyze eventually their opponents. 15:42.520 --> 15:48.520 They love it when opponents try and sacrifice pawn structure for dynamic short term compensation. 15:48.520 --> 15:53.890 The preventative measures, the repeat until preventative measures, until opponents are crumbling, 15:54.070 --> 16:00.850 gives the positional players options not just to win weak pawns but invade, get to juicy seventh frank 16:00.850 --> 16:01.600 possibilities. 16:01.600 --> 16:02.710 Go for the King. 16:02.710 --> 16:08.320 Either take the pawns once the compensation has gone from a dynamic structure or go for the king. 16:08.500 --> 16:12.160 So yeah, if we can't win a fall, let's go for the king. 16:12.910 --> 16:14.140 Beautiful stuff. 16:14.590 --> 16:21.130 So, yes, a very, very special encounter between the two, both of them my heroes of positional chess, 16:21.130 --> 16:26.920 along with Adams and Nimzowitsch, my four heroes of positional chess. 16:26.920 --> 16:29.080 I'm mentioning in this game annotation. 16:29.080 --> 16:32.130 Och, I hope you enjoyed it very much.