WEBVTT 00:01.090 --> 00:01.930 Hi there. 00:02.200 --> 00:07.990 In this lecture, we see Anatoly Karpov playing against Enver Bookish in 1978, began the tournament 00:07.990 --> 00:09.840 around 14. 00:09.850 --> 00:19.780 So for from Karpov we have a book Hitch playing C five, we have a3d6 default C text Default 1964 Nice 00:19.780 --> 00:21.400 f69c386. 00:21.400 --> 00:26.560 So the Sicilian knight off we have Bishop E, two and E five might be free. 00:26.560 --> 00:35.290 Bishop e seven both sides castle and our preventative move A four to prevent b59c6 King H one. 00:35.290 --> 00:38.230 We have Bishop E, six and F four. 00:39.640 --> 00:48.970 We have Knights b4 and now Karpov commits to F five, Bishop D seven and we can see that D five is important 00:49.180 --> 00:52.090 potentially for black liberating the position here. 00:52.330 --> 00:58.000 For example, this Bishop's locked in right now in the pawn chain we see Bishop G five. 00:58.270 --> 01:00.790 So here is a kind of preventive move. 01:01.090 --> 01:03.730 Bishop G five So Bishop C six is played. 01:04.480 --> 01:08.110 So there's a war with the D five square ongoing war here. 01:08.290 --> 01:14.920 If D five was played immediately in this situation, Bishop takes off six, Bishop takes off six, E 01:14.920 --> 01:15.910 takes D five. 01:15.940 --> 01:18.310 Doesn't seem to carry any controversy with it. 01:18.310 --> 01:21.760 White is just simply better and has just won a pawn. 01:21.760 --> 01:25.990 But let's keep a view on this idea of D five as a pawn break. 01:26.230 --> 01:34.720 We have Bishop C six, Bishop F3 again, kind of preventing the five firmly rook st Queen E two So for 01:34.720 --> 01:41.850 the moment temporarily taking an eye off D five but Rook could replace the Queen on D one We have h 01:41.890 --> 01:44.080 six if d five here. 01:44.920 --> 01:48.220 This is slightly different already because. 01:50.990 --> 01:56.150 We we can we can play Bishop takes f6 but there's D takes E four in this situation. 01:57.550 --> 02:00.150 And if Bishop takes E for Bishop takes F six. 02:00.160 --> 02:06.540 This situation, for example, is only a small edge for white, but definitely a small edge. 02:06.550 --> 02:08.380 So H six is played. 02:08.680 --> 02:17.480 We have Bishop h4b6 Rock 51, Queen C seven, and now we see Bishop G three. 02:17.500 --> 02:28.480 This is an interesting move if G four that in fact with the king on H one and the bishop kind of X-raying 02:28.480 --> 02:33.610 the king, it actually is dangerous for black Lady five in this situation. 02:33.610 --> 02:43.780 So Bishop takes F six here, D takes E four as example, 984, G takes F six. 02:44.560 --> 02:51.280 And this situation is going to be unpleasant for white after 95, nine, G three for Queenie. 02:51.280 --> 02:58.360 Free Bishop takes her free queen takes her free eight Black is actually better overall here so you can 02:58.360 --> 03:00.280 see how things can go badly wrong. 03:01.030 --> 03:04.870 So yes, D five as a break here is very interesting. 03:10.140 --> 03:21.060 And there's also tactical ideas on it's D five in this situation, like nine takes D five hits the H 03:21.060 --> 03:22.020 for bishop. 03:22.470 --> 03:24.450 So if it takes D five. 03:27.250 --> 03:31.150 1965 that h for Bishop is here. 03:31.150 --> 03:32.650 So Bishop takes here. 03:34.420 --> 03:39.250 Black could just take on h four or take on C six first. 03:39.580 --> 03:42.820 But this isn't going to be great for white. 03:42.820 --> 03:44.620 So Bishop takes H four here. 03:44.620 --> 03:46.990 Isn't great for white either. 03:48.040 --> 03:49.570 Okay, so interesting position. 03:49.570 --> 03:52.960 And the C file is obviously a concern for white as well. 03:55.220 --> 03:59.570 So in a nutshell G4 be very, very risky here to play. 03:59.830 --> 04:02.110 G4 is very, very weakening. 04:02.120 --> 04:03.020 So Bishop G. 04:03.020 --> 04:04.760 G3 is played now. 04:04.760 --> 04:05.480 Bishop B seven. 04:05.480 --> 04:11.360 If we test D five in this position, we can just take here and there's no problem. 04:11.540 --> 04:13.940 We can take on D five, no problem. 04:13.940 --> 04:17.120 We can say on D five this is no problem. 04:17.120 --> 04:22.640 Planck doesn't have enough play here to justify losing material in that manner. 04:22.640 --> 04:29.180 So Bishop B seven is played rook DD two rook and now strengthening the grip on D five. 04:29.180 --> 04:32.780 So there's a lot of prevention, but it's active surveillance. 04:32.780 --> 04:37.250 You could call this just active surveillance of the D five square. 04:39.200 --> 04:44.180 There isn't a lock and key on it yet, so that is a bit riskier than lock and key. 04:44.180 --> 04:48.440 If it was absolutely blockaded, then we can firmly say D five is impossible. 04:48.530 --> 04:56.900 We see 98 and actually this introduces a France Bishop G five which is exposing the awkwardness of the 04:57.140 --> 05:02.060 rook hasn't got D frame, so we have h four preventing g five but it could also be used for an attack 05:02.060 --> 05:06.050 later if the G four moves later with g4g5. 05:06.050 --> 05:07.130 So we have. 05:07.130 --> 05:12.530 Yeah, it's an interesting situation just to show if H three Bishop G five what does might do is difficult. 05:12.530 --> 05:14.080 One's going to lose the exchange. 05:14.090 --> 05:17.810 So H four we have no it's f six the knight going back. 05:18.290 --> 05:23.960 Bishop F two and then we have Knight D seven here. 05:23.960 --> 05:30.380 If we look at rookie eight, it's an interesting position again, you know G four there is actually 05:30.380 --> 05:31.400 D five here. 05:31.400 --> 05:39.490 If E takes E four, this actually leads to a situation where it's only going to be a small edge for 05:39.500 --> 05:39.680 one. 05:39.680 --> 05:46.460 It's funny enough because this situation Queen C two Black does actually have a little bit of play to 05:46.460 --> 05:50.480 contain White's advantage in material. 05:50.480 --> 06:01.730 This this is an interesting situation for Black and if D five straight off the bat E takes again here 06:02.930 --> 06:04.310 it's not quite so good. 06:04.310 --> 06:10.490 Knight takes E four and Bishop G three is a pain for black in this position. 06:10.820 --> 06:14.330 So this situation Knight takes F six check. 06:14.330 --> 06:17.510 Rook takes the check, Rook takes the check. 06:18.290 --> 06:21.890 Queenie Bishop takes B seven, Bishop takes F four. 06:21.920 --> 06:25.880 You can see that's not a good outcome for black to play D five immediately. 06:25.880 --> 06:34.460 So anyway, 97 we have G three, King G one might be a little bit more solid actually with a small edge, 06:34.460 --> 06:43.160 but G Free was played King F eight Knight C one We have Queen C four, Queen E one and our Queen seven. 06:43.160 --> 06:50.510 In fact, Black could have played the B five pawn move because I mean, this actually had to be played. 06:50.510 --> 06:59.870 It seems this takes eight takes King H two There's 19 C two here as a little trick, 4b4 and White would 06:59.870 --> 07:03.800 have to kind of bail out it seems for a draw otherwise blacks just out. 07:03.830 --> 07:12.830 So a draw by continually attacking the queen may be could be the result if if queen before there's rook 07:12.860 --> 07:15.980 be free skewering the queen and bishop so you know be a draw there. 07:15.980 --> 07:17.990 So that is a really interesting possibility. 07:17.990 --> 07:24.500 B five it seems to be, you know, an important player, but Queen C seven we have Queen G one now. 07:24.500 --> 07:32.330 So looking at B six, seemingly trying to tie down Black 95 Knight one to E two we have Bishop C six 07:33.020 --> 07:34.430 and they'll be free. 07:34.550 --> 07:39.710 It seems here as though G four might be actually more accurate. 07:39.860 --> 07:46.580 So Knight takes a four, taking on a four, Bishop takes a four, B three, Bishop C six and then G 07:46.580 --> 07:46.790 five. 07:46.790 --> 07:53.840 The attack potential is actually okay here and we can take out B six and G takes six. 07:53.840 --> 07:55.250 We don't need to take on the eight. 07:55.250 --> 08:00.260 We can go for the King as a priority with f six Bishop takes up six knight G three. 08:00.260 --> 08:05.210 So the priority would be to get a king attack with Bishop C five being instrumental. 08:05.210 --> 08:07.340 So forget trying to win the exchange. 08:07.340 --> 08:09.680 This situation is very dangerous. 08:09.680 --> 08:15.260 With Black's king, for example, here there's a raging attack. 08:15.260 --> 08:17.030 The king's now back in the center. 08:17.180 --> 08:22.730 And this is a strong attack potential where one should end up being significantly better. 08:22.730 --> 08:24.440 Well, E five is crushing. 08:25.310 --> 08:27.800 So, yes, that sort of thing is amazing. 08:27.800 --> 08:35.960 So G four does seem actually a logical move, but be free safeguarding a four. 08:36.710 --> 08:37.940 We have Queen B seven. 08:37.940 --> 08:41.330 So letting black amplify the D five threat again. 08:42.380 --> 08:50.420 So black has many pieces trying to get in d51 de queen G two again restricting preventing D five. 08:50.600 --> 08:52.160 Queen C seven Yeah. 08:52.160 --> 08:54.320 D five is certainly if we test D five here. 08:54.660 --> 09:01.590 Certainly the active surveillance is stronger if E four is a little track 1984, this doesn't really 09:01.590 --> 09:03.000 help black on this occasion. 09:03.000 --> 09:06.360 So 1965 and we're just scooping up material. 09:06.390 --> 09:07.320 Bishop Take five. 09:07.620 --> 09:08.390 Bishop takes the file. 09:08.400 --> 09:09.540 We're just winning material. 09:09.540 --> 09:09.900 So. 09:09.900 --> 09:11.010 Quincy seven. 09:11.520 --> 09:12.690 Bishop E three. 09:12.690 --> 09:16.320 We have Bishop F six, King H two, Queen E seven. 09:16.560 --> 09:17.310 Queen F two. 09:17.310 --> 09:18.240 Bishop B seven. 09:18.240 --> 09:19.380 Bishop G two. 09:20.250 --> 09:27.750 Here it seems as though King H three was more appropriate supporting H four, which means that G four 09:27.750 --> 09:31.770 can be played, which means that there's an incoming G five potential. 09:31.770 --> 09:35.340 So here Queen G three for G five is actually dangerous. 09:35.340 --> 09:41.700 If Black has to resort to G five himself, then this situation is going to be in White's favor. 09:42.330 --> 09:43.590 So anyway, Bishop G. 09:43.590 --> 09:49.200 Two was played Don't King G eight, Queen F3, King seven, Queen H five. 09:50.400 --> 09:53.760 And Karpov is a little bit asking for trouble here. 09:54.060 --> 09:57.900 The Queen is a tempo gainer on H five. 09:57.900 --> 10:02.700 If a knight was on F six, the knight would not just be hitting the Queen, but it would also be supporting 10:02.700 --> 10:03.870 the D five break. 10:03.870 --> 10:05.670 Just imagine that possibility. 10:05.670 --> 10:10.590 So Queen for eight we have rook f one in this situation. 10:10.590 --> 10:16.530 Now if g for g six and that kind of embarrasses the queen. 10:16.530 --> 10:23.400 If queen takes h six, this is no good because g five check black has bishop takes and blacks can stand 10:23.400 --> 10:24.360 much better there. 10:24.780 --> 10:27.030 So Rook have one. 10:27.720 --> 10:35.460 We have 97 and that scenario of 9f6 for ad5 is coming up rook c one and 10:38.250 --> 10:43.980 annotators past annotators without strong engines might suggest that this was a critical mistake, and 10:43.980 --> 10:48.000 as if black could just equalize, Black can actually do better than Rook six. 10:48.000 --> 10:50.850 This is a disaster of a move. 10:50.850 --> 10:53.250 It's an instructive disaster move. 10:53.550 --> 11:00.150 It actually turns White's active surveillance of the D five square into what Nimzowitsch would call 11:00.360 --> 11:01.470 lock and key. 11:01.920 --> 11:08.640 You know, when Nimzowitsch was talking about past pawns, we can also relate that to strategic pawn 11:08.640 --> 11:09.000 breaks. 11:09.000 --> 11:14.850 We can have strategic pawn breaks under active surveillance, but a lock and key would be a blockade. 11:14.880 --> 11:16.110 Just like a blockade. 11:16.110 --> 11:18.630 We have a lock and key for a past pawn. 11:18.630 --> 11:23.820 So Nimzowitsch was saying criminals are like criminal past pawns, like criminals that need to be kept 11:23.820 --> 11:26.690 under lock and key access. 11:26.690 --> 11:31.380 Surveillance isn't enough in this situation, it turns out. 11:32.250 --> 11:33.540 Bishop is seven. 11:33.540 --> 11:36.060 Funny enough because of the Great Queen. 11:37.240 --> 11:38.500 On H five this night. 11:38.500 --> 11:41.800 F six is really a strong idea. 11:45.850 --> 11:51.270 The Queen will have to go back if g for here splat Knight of six traps the Queen. 11:51.280 --> 11:55.750 So let's say the Queen goes back and look at this position. 11:56.170 --> 12:03.790 If the queen's on free, that's no good for relationship to the defined break d five here and Black's 12:03.790 --> 12:04.720 liberated. 12:07.480 --> 12:08.900 This might make you feel better. 12:08.900 --> 12:14.300 It makes me feel a bit better that sometimes I try and play positioning like Karpov against Sicilian 12:14.300 --> 12:16.530 knight offs and horrible things happen. 12:16.550 --> 12:19.190 This would be a horrible thing happen happening. 12:19.610 --> 12:21.210 He takes DD five here. 12:21.230 --> 12:24.140 There's my six temporary pawn sac. 12:26.220 --> 12:28.940 And you might think, What is this nonsense? 12:30.530 --> 12:31.790 What does White do? 12:32.840 --> 12:34.840 Black's going to get this pawn back now. 12:34.850 --> 12:38.270 Black's got a lot of firepower on this --. 12:38.270 --> 12:41.200 One, two, three, four. 12:41.210 --> 12:42.530 We can take on basics. 12:42.530 --> 12:43.310 Sure. 12:43.850 --> 12:48.470 But then rook six and it's a positional kind of -- sacrifice. 12:49.700 --> 12:51.320 Now, let's examine Bishop. 12:51.320 --> 12:53.930 Gee, one head might be 65. 12:54.230 --> 12:56.540 And look at this position emerging. 12:56.960 --> 12:58.820 This is just going to be better for black. 13:04.290 --> 13:11.040 Or if if C four here, you know, it's just going to be in a much better position. 13:11.040 --> 13:14.790 So it does turn out that Bishop e seven is actually rather strong. 13:15.060 --> 13:17.670 It's this battle of the D five break. 13:19.270 --> 13:21.610 Yeah, it's just a strong position for black. 13:21.610 --> 13:23.710 So this is actually a total disaster. 13:23.710 --> 13:24.360 Move. 13:24.370 --> 13:26.350 Rookie sex, Total disaster. 13:26.350 --> 13:28.930 Move till we get this locking key, so to speak. 13:28.930 --> 13:34.120 90 5d6 is now like a criminal kept under lock and key. 13:34.120 --> 13:35.830 That pawn break has gone. 13:35.920 --> 13:37.720 It's just not a legal move. 13:37.720 --> 13:38.210 That's. 13:38.230 --> 13:39.310 That is prevention. 13:39.310 --> 13:43.450 When something isn't a legal move, then we can say it's under lock and key. 13:44.230 --> 13:49.780 So we have now a crushing possession and white can get on with things without worrying about the day 13:49.780 --> 13:50.410 five break. 13:50.410 --> 13:58.060 Finally, the queen actually from not being justified from being a tempo gainer is great on H five now 13:58.420 --> 14:04.780 after Black's disaster move, why is now threatening with tempo nine takes? 14:07.410 --> 14:08.580 F six sometimes. 14:08.580 --> 14:09.000 Sometimes. 14:09.000 --> 14:13.110 But also, you know, hitting this night, that's that's the key thing because this night's actually 14:13.110 --> 14:14.610 protecting F six. 14:14.610 --> 14:17.490 But the key thing is it takes P four as a threat. 14:19.670 --> 14:21.800 And what is black do about that? 14:24.620 --> 14:26.720 Well, Black takes on day five. 14:27.770 --> 14:30.950 So we have this lock and key now over the DD six pawn. 14:31.490 --> 14:32.720 And now. 14:35.520 --> 14:36.300 Bishop E4. 14:36.330 --> 14:38.280 Lock and key over the e pawn as well. 14:38.280 --> 14:39.870 That's legally blockade. 14:40.230 --> 14:41.970 It's illegal for black to play E4. 14:41.970 --> 14:42.930 It's not a legal move. 14:42.960 --> 14:44.190 That's the way to stop that. 14:44.190 --> 14:47.910 Otherwise, if Black gets to play F1, it's a bit of a life in the position. 14:49.140 --> 14:52.680 So Bishop e for here this locking key business is powerful. 14:52.680 --> 14:55.320 95 that's just taken. 14:57.560 --> 14:58.710 Rook, take five. 14:58.730 --> 15:00.440 It doesn't matter about giving up a bishop for a knight. 15:00.440 --> 15:04.490 If the lock and key can be held over the e pawn and the d pawn. 15:04.490 --> 15:05.450 And now g four. 15:05.450 --> 15:08.990 And here black resigns. 15:10.070 --> 15:12.710 It is a crushing attack without any counterplay. 15:13.610 --> 15:15.200 So, yes, prevention. 15:15.200 --> 15:16.910 Let's distinguish prevention here. 15:16.910 --> 15:23.000 Active surveillance versus lock and key locking keys to be preferred if King hag5. 15:23.180 --> 15:26.240 This position we have lots of attacking options. 15:26.240 --> 15:27.980 We don't even have to rush with f6. 15:27.980 --> 15:31.670 We can play rook f one get black to weaken the g six square. 15:32.390 --> 15:38.390 And in this position, for example, we can install a rook on G six and this is just crushing stuff, 15:38.510 --> 15:39.560 this position. 15:40.460 --> 15:44.390 It doesn't matter if we lose the exchange here. 15:45.430 --> 15:50.680 And we're going to play things like 9 to 5 G seven soon as well as Queen E free. 15:50.680 --> 15:52.630 We can build up if black takes. 15:52.630 --> 15:54.790 This is just all over. 15:54.790 --> 15:56.440 G seven is coming now. 15:56.530 --> 15:58.210 Black would have to give up the queen. 15:58.690 --> 16:01.360 So it's it's a fascinating game. 16:02.380 --> 16:04.810 It's a start of discussion. 16:04.810 --> 16:05.650 In this game. 16:06.850 --> 16:10.420 It looked as though conference play was entirely appropriate. 16:10.420 --> 16:17.200 But there are certain slight subtle downsides of the way Karpov played it with the Queen on H five. 16:17.200 --> 16:25.210 It really is a battle of the D five break this game and it shows that sometimes we don't want to offer 16:25.210 --> 16:25.720 tempo. 16:25.720 --> 16:27.010 Gaining moves to your opponent. 16:27.010 --> 16:29.020 Yeah, Before the disaster. 16:29.050 --> 16:30.130 Roxy six. 16:34.190 --> 16:39.840 It is a situation where Bishop e seven and Black's actually doing really well. 16:40.200 --> 16:44.770 Black needs to play dynamically This idea of having to protect the B six pawn. 16:44.790 --> 16:46.400 Black has to play dynamically. 16:46.410 --> 16:52.500 And you know, it's funny that in a Karpov Kasparov world Championship match game, Karpov lost on the 16:52.500 --> 16:57.750 white side of Sicilian winning B six pawn, but somehow generate a lot of counterplay with the black 16:57.750 --> 16:57.990 side. 16:57.990 --> 17:05.040 So I think that has to be a conscious option that sometimes you do have to sacrifice a pawn to be able 17:05.040 --> 17:10.020 to liberate the position that liberation will D5 break. 17:10.290 --> 17:18.180 It's a fascinating game with opportunities sometimes for black, especially towards the end. 17:18.180 --> 17:19.320 Yeah, it's funny one. 17:19.320 --> 17:22.710 So yeah, for me the big lesson here. 17:24.180 --> 17:27.060 Be a bit cynical about active surveillance. 17:27.060 --> 17:32.130 If you're not legally preventing a certain move, you've always got to watch out for it. 17:32.130 --> 17:37.950 And there's going to be situations you might actually be inadvertently enhancing a certain pawn break 17:37.950 --> 17:41.820 if you give tempo gainers like a queen, which might be subject to attack. 17:41.820 --> 17:43.050 So fascinating stuff. 17:43.050 --> 17:47.250 I hope you enjoyed this discussion and example game hens too much.