WEBVTT

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Hi there.

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In this lecture, I want to talk about my positional heroes, which I based this course on largely.

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And the course is evolving, so more and more game examples will be added as the course extends.

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It's a very fundamental course, so I see it as important for my own chess development to get as many

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good examples as possible in the key areas of positional patterns.

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So the first layer of this course is actually British GM Michael Adams.

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And you might ask, well, he wasn't a world champion.

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He was close to becoming a world champion, actually.

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And one of the Friday knockouts.

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He's consistently been over 2700 for many, many years.

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I've seen Michael Adams play in real life and he became a personal hero.

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I've also played him in casual games.

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I even had a one day game against him in Lloyds Bank Masters of 1993.

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I just admire how he plays so calmly and crushingly positionally, crushingly, and has great versatility

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as well.

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Brilliant tactician and just piles on the pressure of games, which he really elegantly pulls on the

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pressure.

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It's just caused so much admiration for his positional style.

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And I tended to do YouTube videos comparing him actually to even newer networks, how he can get the

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counterplay out of opponent's positions, leaving them with no decent counterplay and, you know, just

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crush them quite often, actually much quicker than you expect in some of the British championship games,

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which we see in this course.

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So, yeah, I'm a personally I'm personally a big fan of Michael Adams.

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The second layer is a more traditional example for positional courses is Anatoly Karpov.

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So he really did focus on positional chess as distinct from Garry Kasparov.

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In fact, I felt there was a kind of switch in world champions, often between static world champions,

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dynamic static, as in more interested in the longer term aspects of the position slow steady versus

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the dynamic aggressive.

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So like sporran for Alekhine, they're more interested in the dynamics of the game.

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So each world chess champion did bring something special to the table.

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Botvinnik, for example, was known not just as a great positional player but also deep opening preparation

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and valued the performance training for the performance.

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He had people blowing cigars in his face as training.

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You know, smoking was a thing in those days, but each world chess champion basically did bring something

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to the table in general.

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Now, of course, you know Steinitz actually, Steinitz, between Steinitz and Laskar, they created

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the positional foundation.

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So you might think, Well, shouldn't I have had more Steinitz and Lasker?

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I will use Steinitz and Lasker game examples as appropriate.

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But I wanted to put an emphasis on more modern positional chess, which factors in the issues that we

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face today in the Steinitz and Lasker era.

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Quite often players seem to underestimate the damage done by reckless pawn moves like pull moves are

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irreversible on the chessboard compared to other types of moves you see quite often in Lasker wins,

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people are self-destructing, and I wanted a more modern view on positional chess.

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Now my third layer is actually nimzowitsch nimzowitsch through my system.

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This book called My System, which I recommend.

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There's a new algebraic edition and it's very, very readable and it's funny and it has some very,

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very important positional, I would say, patterns.

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I wouldn't get strictly carried away calling them principles or laws of positional chess, because it

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really depends on your positions, how you apply the patterns.

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I think patterns is more encouraging you to think for yourself to be in the driving seat.

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So Nimzowitsch apparently was a big influence on Tinker and Petrosian, who became known as the Master

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of prophylaxis.

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So with prevention prophylaxis, Petrosian hardly lost any games.

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He had this kind of invincibility reputation.

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And it's interesting that Karpov in Gibraltar interviews basically says he's Petrosian style, but playing

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for a win instead of a draw.

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So can you imagine?

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You're very hard to beat, but also you're kind of relentless in trying to beat the opponents as well.

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So it's a kind of a low risk way of winning.

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So for Karpov, but the root influence, if we look at the roots, Nimzowitsch has influenced many modern

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grandmasters through his teachings.

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Now, further layers, this is an evolving course.

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I will add great game examples from other positional players, including Capablanca, Smyslov, Petrosian,

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Kramnik and Carlsen as appropriate.

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So the course I see is as an evolving course, but I'll give you a really good powerful start point

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for this course.

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So I really think this is a high priority course to master and these layers of positional players.

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I have the belief we will learn a lot of things, perhaps not even seen in other positional courses.

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We will learn some key patterns.

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So the course will have lots of game examples through the great positional players of all time.

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Now, you also see sometimes because we're focusing on carbon atoms, we can also see even opening similarities

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and preferences.

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For example, Karp often admins both liking the nimzowitsch and the fence, so they respect Nimzowitsch.

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Basically, if they like the NIMS of Indian offense, you know, that's that's a heads up to Nimzowitsch

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is my system.

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A lot of players will avoid the nimzowitsch engine play, not afraid for the Queen's engine but also

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carp often Adams like against the French defense to play the tarrasch variation.

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So this doesn't lead to as much structural damage, usually for white as the main line.

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What's called the main line was the main line widower.

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So this quite often leads to double pawns.

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Now positional players like Adams and Karpov often don't like having their pawns messy.

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They like building on the static advantages, the advantages that are more easily to accumulate.

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And yeah, we see by focusing on these two players, we do see some parallels, which in my view helps

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reinforcement of positional patterns and opening ideas as well as we go through games from end to end.

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I like seeing games end to end, so we pick up a lot of hints and tips through the openings, middle

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game and end games.

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But of course, you know, the focus of each lecture has a positional point quite often, which I'll

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amplify.

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So we also have these animal metaphors, Karpov and Petrosian, known as boa constrictors.

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So boa constrictors have this habit.

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It doesn't matter how large the prey is, they kind of paralyze the prey and can win.

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And Adams was nicknamed The Spider by Garry Kasparov because he has this great maneuvering style, which

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in my view, works just like the boa constrictor style.

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So this kind of restrictive style, until the opponents haven't really got much to do, is a really

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great effective style.

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And if you ever play, for example, the Lila neural network, even on giving Lila only like 10 seconds

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of movie, you'll see that there's this idea that you get run out of moves.

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You might not be blasted tactically because Lehrer's not even calculating that much, but positionally

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to be absolutely positionally crushed, at least the positions.

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You're quite sad and not very optimistic about any tactical chances at all.

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So this positional style is a very, very powerful style.

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And nimzowitsch, we have to give him credit for actually creating the language of positional chess.

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That's why he wasn't a world chess champion.

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But he was a world title contender.

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Maybe he bragged a bit too much and Alexander Alekhine didn't give him a challenge match.

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And maybe morally you could argue Alekhine should have because Nimzowitsch had won some great moments.

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But Nimzowitsch his most important contribution is within the hyper moderns.

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They found useful exceptions to establish theory.

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So, so many ideas revolving around the censor that you don't need to necessarily occupy the center.

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You can pressurize it from afar.

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Think Ito bishops and some really interesting concepts in my system, like over protection prophylaxis

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and emphasis on rooks on the seventh rank.

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So sometimes the exams are which overly categorized like rook on the seventh perhaps, but in general

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he created a language we could talk about positional chess, especially blockade.

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When we blockade pawns with like a knight blockade, different types of blockade.

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The most effective type of blockade nimzowitsch is favorite.

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Blockade is like when there's double pawns in a knight blockading say on C4 later, if the light square

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bishops got exchanged off.

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So that was kind of nimzowitsch favorite blockade.

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But basically the language set out by Nimzowitsch has persisted and has become highly influential for

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positional chess thereafter.

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So you might think, Well, why wasn't it Steinitz and Lasker?

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Laskar was really using a lot of the theories of Steinitz to great effect, being world champion for

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so many years.

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But sometimes people felt that Lasker had such a universal style, it was difficult to actually say

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he was a positionally oriented player.

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He was kind of the first universal player.

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According to Vladimir Kramnik, the first 2700.

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Steinitz did talk a lot for his magazine writings and the ink wars He had a lot to say about, and that

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was the rise of the scientific viewpoint on chess, about accumulating, accumulating advantages and

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the elements of a chess position, how to evaluate positions.

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And so that was an absolutely vital foundation between Steinitz and Lasker.

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It's an absolutely vital foundation.

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And of course, it's it's there has to be game examples from from Steinitz and Lasker as well.

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So och positional players in general love to accumulate the more permanent and therefore advantages

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easier to accumulate if not just drifting away, taken away from you so easily.

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We're talking about kind of investments on the chessboard that you can rely on later.

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So you install, for example, double pawns in the opening.

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You've still got it 20 moves later this this impact on the opponent's pawn structure and related week

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squares.

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So it's kind of investments on the chessboard that can't be taken away that easily.

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You could see it like that.

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And it has to me a strong component of put yourself beyond the fate of war.

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He talked about the the effects of fighters in the past.

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They put themselves upon the feet before going on to the attack.

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And we see that on the chessboard time and time again in these game examples.

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So defense or strengthening first before indulging in wild attacks or tactics.

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And when endgames are reached, the advantage is often win games as well.

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So I'm going to show you now my most enjoyable loss in my lifetime was against.

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It was a privilege to play Michael Adams in the 1993 17 Floyds Black Masters, and I'll take it from

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Adams perspective.

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So I played D four, Adams played nine, F six.

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We have C four.

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And on this occasion, Adams chose the Benko Gambit.

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So we see quite dynamic gambits quite often from Adams.

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And the Bank of Gambit was a tool of choice in many of his Lloyds Bank master games.

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So very, very exciting already.

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You wouldn't think a positional player would make use of any gambits, but Adams did.

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So I played B six.

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I'd written an art school around the time on the Barnet Chess Club website about B six, a kind of counter

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against the bank card game.

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So the idea would be to usually aim for this maneuver with 9c4 with tempo and cuts out, try and limit

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the opponent's activity.

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We have 9c3g6 from Adams, E, four D, six Bishop E to Bishop G seven.

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So so far I haven't played too badly with the white pieces.

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Now after 932, Bishop takes e to Queen, takes E to BD 79c4.

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We have Queen C seven and now I move, which usually you see if if anyone even grandmasters play the

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move f four quite often they end up losing.

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There's been Feingold's mention that you shouldn't use the f pawn that much if you if you play with

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the f pawn, you're asking for trouble.

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But I did play with the f pawn.

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And the thing is, it does weaken the possession quite fundamentally.

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In the long term.

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A better bet, it seems, would be Bishop G five and this keeps White's position more solid and white

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should be able to claim a small edge here.

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But now with F4, I'm going downhill here.

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I've also deprived, of course, the Bishop G five associated pressure by locking in the bishop we have

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might be six and now this simplification actually causes stress for the person with greater space because

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there's a responsibility with a space advantage.

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And this means that White's extra space.

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Yeah, it's is it a liability?

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Potentially.

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If there's less pieces to manage that space, you end up with potentially just weaknesses.

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We have E five so I'm trying to gain space, but again, am I being left with weaknesses?

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I wasn't too convinced with my position already.

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And the funny thing is about this knight going back to E!

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This is a thing about positional players.

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Sometimes it looks like almost anti positional, but there's a net gain if this knights maneuvered to

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the center.

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So you've got to think about the net game is improving now the piece so C seven Queen F two and also

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of course it's a lovely feature to have the pawn on A six supporting Knight.

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B five We have Rook ABA.

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I've analyzed this game in great depth.

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Later on in the course.

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I just wanted to highlight in general some points of this game.

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So this was an inaccuracy, ab1, B free.

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And I still might be able to claim equality here, but with this move I'm making things slightly worse.

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Queen b4 Rook for one.

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Rook b seven We have Queen C to 95 and I'm left spectating here this positional maneuver and you might

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think again.

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Hang on.

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Isn't it kind of anti positional in that Adams's pawns might be doubled so 94 Knight d4 he plays this

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anyway despite the apparent effects you know the pawns are temporarily doubled e takes e tanks but does

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it actually matter because the bigger point here.

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Blacks call this bishop without a counterpart.

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Blacks caught this potential to now make use of this e file.

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And of course this is an interesting pawn, but this e file could be good and often only f to Queen

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a five.

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Also this kind of disconnected pawn on D five.

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So does it actually matter?

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Overall, we have to think about the overall obsession when we think positionally.

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Overall, it looks as though is this an anti positional decision what Adams played.

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But actually I'm the one with a more exploitable weakness this disconnected pawn on D five which is

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being hit now.

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So yes I'm being positionally outplayed overall it's the overall that counts Quincy four Rooks seven

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Queen B free rook C five.

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And I try and potentially gain some compensation.

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I played Queen F3 and now we have.

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Queen cites a two.

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So maybe, you know, there's some slight tricks if he took b4 and then trying to lure the queen in

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a bit of hassle.

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Yeah, but, you know, he's avoiding that.

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Just playing queen takes a two.

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I play nightly free Rook cci.

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And now night before and I had this level of excitement.

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I'm going to get a night on C six, but it's how effective it is.

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Is this not really that effective?

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The Queen goes, The C four is not particularly effective.

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Sometimes we have to judge nights not just in how they look, good positioning, but are they actually

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concretely effective.

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And the thing is, overall, this is the running argument about this game.

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Overall, Black now has significant pressure on the e-file.

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We see rook free and now a lovely move to try and gain authority on this e-file and hold DD for quite

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comfortably.

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Can you see what Adams played here.

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A very lovely move dispelling any notions really that I'm going to get DD four as well.

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Five and it means that there's going to be rookie forward supported rookie for for doubling rooks and

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this of course supports D four.

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So this is really I'm getting positionally crushed here now so rookie for authority on the e-file is

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a bad sign.

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If rooks enter on the ranks they're going to cause havoc for me and a lovely subtle weakness provocation

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move here Can you see at some points.

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You know.

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Bishop six So my second rank is being weakened with another committal pull move and our rookie free

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rook takes three, Rook takes three going for the rook.

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Activity to go to my king.

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Queen H one.

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This is rather embarrassing.

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Embarrassing.

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Now, if Queen F2 rookie two wins my queen So Queen H one Queen C to Czech King H three And now just

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Bishop takes F four and I have to resign now.

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Although I was crushed, it was just an honor to play such a strong player on their way to becoming

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a super grandmaster later.

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But Adams had already, you know, he'd actually won.

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One of the additions of Elisabeth Moss as we see some noise about Masters Games in general in this course.

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It's really amazing playing style, in my view, how advantages are being built systematically with

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minimal risk, minimal counterplay.

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So yes, he's a positional chess hero of mine.

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I think in general it's nice to be a well rounded player, although I like to attack and I like tactical

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chess.

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Seeing this other other aspects of chess, it shows that chess is such a rich game and you can play

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a play with like a boa constrictor style, just removing counterplay from the opponents and thinking

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about the overall balance of elements just because things might visually look bad, like double pawns

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or visually look good.

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You've got to think about this overall picture of what's happening on the chessboard and the opportunities

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and what what is the exploit ability factor that was able to exploit the authority on the e-file, create

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targets and win material with devastating effect.

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And it's not just a spectator in the end.

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So and so what about the double pawns?

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So yes, a great game and really did inspired me and inspire me.

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And it has been an inspiration to check out many other games of Michael Adams starting in Lloyds Bank

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Masters and also British championship games.

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And, you know, he can crush British grandmasters quite often less than 50 moves.

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We'll see.

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So, yes, a great positional hero of mine.

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So there you have it.

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In this course, we do emphasize Adams Carpe off, Nimzowitsch and then we'll look at other classic

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players.

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So, Steinitz, Lasker.

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Of course, I kind of take for granted that they aren't the foundation of positional chess, modern

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positional chess.

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But then later Capablanca Smyslov, Petrosian, Kramnik, Carlsen and Nimzowitsch is in there.

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He's an influential plan because of his writings.

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In my system.

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So I hope that's an interesting introduction for inspiration for the positional heroes in this course.

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Okay, that's very much.
