WEBVTT 00:00.930 --> 00:07.740 Either in this lecture, we see a magnificent example game from the first official world chess champion 00:08.340 --> 00:14.380 of chess Steinitz, this is his game against Mikhail Sugaring in 1892. 00:15.600 --> 00:21.420 So Steinitz not only was a great chess player, he was also a fantastic theoretician. 00:22.320 --> 00:28.170 So he introduced the accumulation of advantages theory. 00:28.350 --> 00:32.870 And also in doing so, that implies that there are advantages. 00:32.890 --> 00:39.720 He he created the kind of periodic table of elements of the chess board, like the bishop pawn structure, 00:39.960 --> 00:48.630 king safety, material, peace, mobility, which could be used to see if you do have an overall advantage. 00:49.380 --> 00:53.010 So maybe your opponent is up three pawns by their king. 00:53.010 --> 00:54.810 Safety is really bad. 00:54.840 --> 01:01.500 So in fact, you're still winning the overall advantage using that kind of identification of what actually 01:01.500 --> 01:03.510 are advantages in a possession. 01:04.350 --> 01:07.860 So this is a really magnificent game by him. 01:08.910 --> 01:10.620 And let's have a look. 01:10.620 --> 01:12.270 E4 from Stinnett's. 01:12.270 --> 01:17.610 We have a five score and this is in that world championship match of 1882. 01:17.610 --> 01:18.320 Round four. 01:18.450 --> 01:26.550 We see like a free 96 but should be five standard Reutter Pass 96 Berlin Defense and Aldy free from 01:26.820 --> 01:27.270 finance. 01:28.270 --> 01:31.800 This is keeping attention and is actually very popular even today. 01:32.820 --> 01:37.700 These things see Frank G thinks might be these G-7. 01:37.740 --> 01:44.100 So you see why is content to build up slowly and now plays a very, very interesting move indeed. 01:45.300 --> 01:48.240 And the concept has been reused ever since 91. 01:48.240 --> 01:53.850 If White Castle consoles immediately, the downside is the F1 square is used up and the rook would have 01:53.850 --> 01:57.870 to move then no F1 by plane, no F1 immediately before castling. 01:59.910 --> 02:03.210 It's safe enough to do so and the knight can potentially reroute. 02:03.210 --> 02:07.440 But first, Bishop, a fall might be the seven and other night centralizes. 02:08.640 --> 02:10.200 We see ninety five. 02:10.230 --> 02:17.790 The bishop drops back 96 and here in fact it doesn't even need to castle. 02:19.900 --> 02:28.060 There's an absence of a defender on seven and, you know, I love playing these kind of attacks in online 02:28.060 --> 02:29.230 chats, they win quickly. 02:29.230 --> 02:30.630 Sometimes you don't need to counsel. 02:31.030 --> 02:36.580 You can just celebrate the default position of a rock and actually always play. 02:36.580 --> 02:38.050 Just opening up the rock like this. 02:38.050 --> 02:41.320 White can actually console queen side if other pieces are needed. 02:42.580 --> 02:44.800 We see 97, 85. 02:44.800 --> 02:50.410 So the work is really being activated and creating lots of potential threats and coordinations of pieces 02:50.770 --> 02:53.260 h things offtakes. 02:53.260 --> 02:54.100 This does weaken. 02:54.100 --> 02:59.530 That so-called token of death potentially takes 90s. 02:59.530 --> 03:07.120 We see 1965 quintets and white gains of tempo by the bishop in relation to that sensitive diagonal, 03:07.960 --> 03:09.820 Quincy six and now Queeny two. 03:10.930 --> 03:15.040 So it looks as though, well, maybe black needs to handle a I, but the white kings in the center, 03:15.040 --> 03:20.520 so black just signals that and king safeties attended to as a priority. 03:20.550 --> 03:26.860 Bishop, if he does want to save the console queen side and not get involved in any potentially terrible 03:26.860 --> 03:31.090 tactical ideas, especially the Queen's like looking at Jita of my taste for a star. 03:31.300 --> 03:36.610 So it's just a more sensible just to console her and use that phone. 03:36.970 --> 03:44.110 We see King H.H., the King still being x rayed by the Rock, her White Castles Queen side. 03:45.670 --> 03:52.060 And we have Rook eighty eight and here Queen AF1 range. 03:52.060 --> 03:52.600 Interesting move. 03:53.860 --> 03:56.980 The Stones set up some very, very interesting tactical possibilities. 03:57.880 --> 04:01.870 A five ANAO default is played now. 04:01.870 --> 04:09.400 This actually serves to not only flatten the five and the Queen hasn't got that many squares here, 04:10.570 --> 04:15.720 but also encourages black to release that central control and black also 884. 04:16.460 --> 04:21.160 So if black, for example, played AFL, then D5 is going to be winning. 04:21.280 --> 04:24.040 You know, the Queen and the queen moves. 04:26.580 --> 04:27.360 No details. 04:27.790 --> 04:37.450 Is just putting loads of material because of 887 after so Black attends to that with 884, we have 1984 04:38.440 --> 04:43.900 and now Black kind of undermines himself with Bishop 64. 04:43.930 --> 04:47.340 This is a key defender of dark squares in this position. 04:47.980 --> 04:54.220 So it's like removing the offender without actually taking an effort to remove the offender, just volunteers. 04:55.920 --> 05:01.980 Itself and here you might think, well, an ordinary reCAPTCHA not capture, right? 05:03.090 --> 05:06.860 Well, this really does take positions on their own merits. 05:07.410 --> 05:09.630 You know, he didn't routinely counsel. 05:09.630 --> 05:10.170 He didn't. 05:12.560 --> 05:18.970 In fact, you know, Castle and when he played last night, then he didn't even call Swede's Castle 05:18.980 --> 05:22.820 Queen side and he's got this active rock as a result, he's got major parks. 05:23.450 --> 05:26.720 And here he doesn't routinely recaptcha, as you might think. 05:28.550 --> 05:31.200 He actually plays rock, takes the fall. 05:31.220 --> 05:35.120 He recognizes that this bishop without a counterpart. 05:36.410 --> 05:41.120 And we see that also, you know, Morpheus, Morfe, his opera game could play a devastating role, 05:41.120 --> 05:47.750 especially with the bishop hair, which finances kind of periodic table chess that also identifies as 05:47.750 --> 05:48.520 a major asset. 05:48.540 --> 05:53.330 The bishops in the middle game can be a major attacking force in the end game. 05:53.330 --> 05:54.500 Also very, very useful. 05:54.500 --> 06:01.700 They cover each other's back coverage of both kinds of square and hair with black already weakened on 06:01.700 --> 06:06.920 the squares and this rook already looking, you know, down this AFO in a scary way. 06:07.550 --> 06:13.400 This is an extremely scary position for blacks king safety all of a sudden, especially with this exchange 06:13.400 --> 06:22.220 sacrifice we see in 1964, if B5, then there's a powerful move. 06:22.490 --> 06:29.000 I wonder if you can spot it as the example which shows the dangers of the iPhone and other stuff. 06:33.620 --> 06:39.590 Yeah, I mean, Queen Differe is so powerful here it will be foresting rotates the seven and Queen Takechi 06:39.590 --> 06:40.090 six. 06:42.230 --> 06:45.380 So for example, the Queen 66 is devastating. 06:47.390 --> 06:55.220 Or if I will take these seven or 1964, you know, we're really getting in trouble with black hair. 06:56.150 --> 06:57.620 There's all sorts of things her. 06:59.140 --> 07:05.740 Including, you know, queen takes g sex and, you know, making use of both pens to put more pressure 07:05.740 --> 07:06.760 on the woman from Queens. 07:07.720 --> 07:10.480 So in fact. 07:12.600 --> 07:19.330 Know Black played 1964 and here, a beautiful move indeed is played very, very logical. 07:19.590 --> 07:24.900 So why it's got this fearsome bishop power, which, you know, is on stage in this kind of virtual 07:24.900 --> 07:27.150 periodic table of chess elements. 07:27.750 --> 07:30.890 And it's a great position to now go for it. 07:32.070 --> 07:36.750 You know, Stein is his biggest contribution is that you should really accumulate advantages first before 07:36.750 --> 07:40.020 going for the attack, because then the attacks are kind of irresistible. 07:40.590 --> 07:44.310 And he reinvented himself, even though he did become number one in the world. 07:44.310 --> 07:49.950 Following in the footsteps of Paul Morfin, Anderson, he reinvented himself with this new style kind 07:49.950 --> 07:50.930 of starlet's version. 07:50.950 --> 07:58.080 So and we're in the period of time, first version to 1992 version one of is, you know, a bit like 07:58.080 --> 07:58.500 Paul. 07:58.830 --> 08:09.090 Paul Morphin Anderson was up to 1872 in 1873 onwards, you know, he had this new oppositional style. 08:09.330 --> 08:11.900 He used his position as a magazine editor. 08:12.150 --> 08:17.130 There was a thing called the Iraq War, you know, lengthy debate debates with the players about it. 08:17.550 --> 08:20.850 But he was prepared to, you know, prove his concepts over the board. 08:21.420 --> 08:23.780 But here, anyway, it's a sparkling finish. 08:24.120 --> 08:26.460 I wonder if you can guess what went place here. 08:26.610 --> 08:30.270 If I give you five seconds to pause, video won't play. 08:31.770 --> 08:36.300 Jackel checks even the most outrageous ones, and of course, another thing we've done, you know, 08:36.510 --> 08:39.810 he's not into routine recaptures necessarily. 08:40.260 --> 08:43.280 So he plays actually wrote rotates seven check. 08:43.290 --> 08:43.590 Yeah. 08:46.330 --> 08:49.780 Of course, you need to be aware of the capsule like you're aware of a threat, but, you know, if 08:49.780 --> 08:54.820 you can find crushing, you know, blows through the process of calculation, checking not your high 08:54.820 --> 08:59.950 priority, forcing move sequences, then you can sometimes just win by force. 09:00.970 --> 09:07.210 So here what is actually winning by force after King takes a seven that needs queen, each one Jack 09:08.140 --> 09:08.680 King. 09:09.700 --> 09:15.880 And now it's important why it plays a little bit carefully here and not routinely play bishop. 09:16.120 --> 09:20.250 The Jack Bishop, 86, is one of the two strongest moves. 09:20.290 --> 09:23.010 Bishop 86 Jack or Queen six Jack. 09:23.530 --> 09:24.850 They would both result in mate. 09:24.850 --> 09:26.620 Bishop takes the big mistake. 09:26.620 --> 09:27.370 Bishop 64. 09:27.370 --> 09:28.750 Jack the rook have sex. 09:30.310 --> 09:33.300 The King needs to be brought out a bit fast. 09:33.520 --> 09:44.950 So Bishop age six, Jack was used, King have six and the Kings brought out and a can't go back to 87 09:44.950 --> 09:46.150 because of this nasty jack. 09:46.930 --> 09:50.620 So we see, you know, blacks in big trouble. 09:50.620 --> 09:58.990 If G5 Queen Textually is actually checkmate, if King AR5 then queen a forced checkmate. 09:58.990 --> 10:01.240 Look at that dance kovatchev assisting queen. 10:01.660 --> 10:03.250 So the king goes the E5. 10:04.060 --> 10:12.720 But now Queen takes the four check and can you spot the final shammi that can queen efore is checkmate 10:14.110 --> 10:19.720 the alternative mating sequence for the record and sort of bushmeat sex. 10:19.720 --> 10:25.450 You can actually just play Queen Eighty-six Jack here as well and then queen. 10:25.450 --> 10:27.040 A foreshock is devastating. 10:29.710 --> 10:38.170 As an example, the king goes back to Jack King, goes on the iPhone, Bishop takes our fight is check 10:38.170 --> 10:41.780 and mate, that bishop covers the gate square. 10:42.520 --> 10:44.170 So, yeah, a pretty crushing game. 10:45.850 --> 10:46.660 Let's go to the game. 10:46.660 --> 10:48.180 End of the game. 10:49.030 --> 10:55.990 So essentially huge contributions theoretically to the game of the world champions had something to 10:55.990 --> 11:04.120 say about Steinman's laska, a successor, you know, basically. 11:05.450 --> 11:05.990 Said. 11:07.440 --> 11:13.200 That in the beginning of the game, ignored the search for combination's abstain from violent moves 11:13.530 --> 11:20.340 aimed for small advances, accumulate them, and only after having attained these ends, then search 11:20.340 --> 11:25.620 for the combination and then with all the power of Willan incidents, because then the combination must 11:25.620 --> 11:27.950 exist, however deeply hidden. 11:28.860 --> 11:35.820 So that's what Lascher said, that that was the fundamental truth that Steinitz revealed to the chess 11:35.820 --> 11:36.300 world. 11:36.510 --> 11:45.750 You know, in summary, that players should abstain from combinations, especially when they don't have 11:45.750 --> 11:46.590 the advantage. 11:46.950 --> 11:52.590 They should build up the advantages and then later find the combinations. 11:53.550 --> 11:59.780 So it's a bit like the war going beyond the FEBA, also building up these concrete advantages. 12:00.240 --> 12:01.740 So there's definitely no back fire. 12:01.740 --> 12:07.980 And there's definitely no offense either when you do go out for the attack, for the final attack combinations. 12:09.330 --> 12:17.820 And Bobby Fisher also had admiration for Steinitz, saying he understood more about the use of squares 12:18.330 --> 12:25.260 than did Paul Morphy and contributed a great deal more to transferee because he was such a great writer, 12:25.350 --> 12:32.100 even involved in these wars, these huge debates, and he was able to prove his theories. 12:33.240 --> 12:36.210 By crushing people on the chessboard. 12:38.320 --> 12:43.780 So, yeah, a brilliant world chess champion, major contributions, the first kind of positional. 12:46.000 --> 12:53.920 Kind of grandmont, the first oppositional world chess champion, Paul Morphy and Anderson in the romantic 12:53.920 --> 12:57.920 era taught us how amazing tactics are, combinations are. 12:58.510 --> 13:05.020 But for me, Steinitz, especially in relation to more closed pawn structures, also revealed. 13:06.020 --> 13:11.360 Paul structures as a kind of storage device that you could accumulate advantages like certain little 13:11.360 --> 13:15.020 social advantages and pull structure which are not going away, they persist. 13:15.350 --> 13:22.280 So sometimes to leverage the maximum from Steinitz faries, you have more closed portions, less open 13:22.280 --> 13:30.890 and tactical, and like you slowly weaken squares, probe squares, force pawns to be pushed forward 13:30.890 --> 13:36.230 and irreversible weaknesses, and you accumulate sets of weaknesses and the opponent's positions gradually 13:36.230 --> 13:37.760 falling apart. 13:38.030 --> 13:40.360 And then you find the compensatory blow. 13:40.820 --> 13:46.670 But yeah, in more close Paul structures, the potential for accumulating advantages is greater, in 13:46.670 --> 13:51.770 my view, but a massive contributor to the state of chess theory. 13:52.070 --> 13:57.250 So there's an evolution of chess style, which I was also interested to cover on YouTube before checking 13:57.500 --> 13:59.500 the evolution of chess free on YouTube. 13:59.900 --> 14:06.200 But yeah, I tracked these early, you know, world champions, their contributions, and he made the 14:06.200 --> 14:11.860 most significant contribution to our positional understanding of the game, in my view. 14:13.680 --> 14:15.330 OK, thanks so much.