WEBVTT 00:01.310 --> 00:01.880 Hi there. 00:02.740 --> 00:07.980 In this lecture, I'm going to talk about the --'s irreversibility aspect. 00:08.360 --> 00:15.380 This is what really attracted me to do my advanced portraits, of course, because --'s reflects a 00:15.380 --> 00:20.270 very, very commendable decision that we actually take for granted quite often in the opening of often 00:20.270 --> 00:22.730 we either playful or defore. 00:22.730 --> 00:27.710 And this is the recommendation that you take this risk of doing a poor move, which is irreversible 00:28.160 --> 00:29.420 because of its benefits. 00:29.430 --> 00:36.920 When you play before you're opening up a bishop and you're opening up the queen and you're laying a 00:36.920 --> 00:39.700 stake in the center, the central squares. 00:41.330 --> 00:51.650 So if for all recommendable moves, there was in chance the modern revolution where the modernists started 00:51.650 --> 01:00.710 to question this fundamental belief that we actually need to occupy the center with --'s so, Breyer 01:00.710 --> 01:07.190 said after efore once game is in its last throes, as if, you know, this could be this is it once 01:07.190 --> 01:10.810 this week in the Nepal and in theory it is in trouble. 01:11.540 --> 01:16.400 So the hyper Montanas fault that they can actually control the center not literally by occupying with 01:16.400 --> 01:23.420 pawns, but maybe letting the opponent set up a center and gaining advantages later through undermining 01:23.420 --> 01:23.660 it. 01:26.020 --> 01:34.810 Now, I have a very interesting example game of Richard Rati, who kind of popularized the retie opening. 01:34.820 --> 01:35.990 So this is named after him. 01:35.990 --> 01:38.580 Not afraid you might think is not afraid. 01:38.720 --> 01:42.350 Such a terrible move because it's not like 844 is a terrible move. 01:42.560 --> 01:43.550 It's a flexible move. 01:43.550 --> 01:46.340 The like could always go back, totally reverse its decision. 01:47.120 --> 01:51.130 So it's an example of not committing to the center, the right opening. 01:51.470 --> 01:58.160 So this game I like to show you against kind of blank in 1924 shows there are sometimes benefits of 01:58.160 --> 02:05.240 not occupying center so rapidly, at least with 844, we see 96 and actually we see CIFOR here 02:08.420 --> 02:08.950 now. 02:09.530 --> 02:12.380 Gee, things are now before. 02:12.770 --> 02:16.130 So in fact, there's still an idea of controlling central squares. 02:16.610 --> 02:25.010 But just with a thin cazzo here where pieces can look over central squares, we see some should be two. 02:25.790 --> 02:29.390 And Capablanca counseled Jeoffrey. 02:29.390 --> 02:31.130 So I think that's on this side of the board. 02:31.820 --> 02:35.990 BASIX, G2, which should be some white console desex. 02:36.320 --> 02:37.220 The frame 02:40.160 --> 02:44.210 we see might be the seventh night we need to A5. 02:44.210 --> 02:47.690 So camp like commence a pawn in the center. 02:48.080 --> 02:58.370 Finally we say Quincy to Ruki eight, F.T. one a five, a free a six and only to have one. 03:00.710 --> 03:07.910 So is this whole opening a kind of provocation told to get black to commit these pawns which are kind 03:07.910 --> 03:08.960 of irreversible. 03:09.200 --> 03:16.400 We see now C five another pawns are locked with each other after five minutes of a free. 03:16.400 --> 03:21.110 And here we see a hint that actually maybe there is a problem with the pawn. 03:21.110 --> 03:26.150 Only five that Y can undermine with the four and try and stretch out this bishop. 03:27.950 --> 03:36.710 So Quincy's seven we see DeFore so hitting that 85 pawn of the Bishop E4 Quincy Frame Capablanca shows 03:36.710 --> 03:43.300 signs that he's not totally understanding what's going on here and why he plays after eating Ayesha's 03:43.940 --> 03:45.860 967 six to seven. 03:45.860 --> 03:46.970 Pinning this pawn 03:50.300 --> 03:53.900 better here was actually 96. 03:55.040 --> 03:57.770 So, for example, detainees see fine details. 03:58.280 --> 04:01.670 This should be fine for black resolve. 04:01.670 --> 04:09.430 This situation should be fine for black, where black can actually get control of the four by Covington 04:09.470 --> 04:12.890 starts to go a little bit wrong here with this move. 04:13.690 --> 04:20.300 Sixty 637 we see Corindi to see takes Bishop takes the form. 04:20.420 --> 04:27.680 So what's the problem that blacks pawn has been swapped off by white central control is starting to 04:27.680 --> 04:29.780 be evidence with pieces. 04:31.870 --> 04:38.980 So it's starting to show actually, you know, the fundamental goal when we move --'s especially in 04:38.980 --> 04:42.520 the center, is to try and get control of central squares. 04:42.940 --> 04:50.740 Do we really need even that occupation if it is quite commensal and is subject to undermining? 04:51.910 --> 04:58.870 So this is a very, very clever move offering CIFOR that's actually taken Bishop saying's Kinsley's 04:58.870 --> 05:04.390 Queen Bee to check King Gate now Route 66. 05:04.780 --> 05:11.560 Why Central Control starts to be superior to Blacks Now of the Quincy Farms of Haiti. 05:11.560 --> 05:14.420 One way controls this nice defo. 05:17.830 --> 05:20.130 So what has happened? 05:20.140 --> 05:24.940 Has Black really played such terrible moves by Ogborn cents a litre for it to be undermined? 05:25.840 --> 05:30.670 Well it depends who wins the war of central control, not occupation, but actual central control. 05:31.180 --> 05:33.670 So Rook a seven, we see 93. 05:36.430 --> 05:37.410 Queen five. 05:38.620 --> 05:40.210 This is a tricky position with black. 05:40.210 --> 05:47.680 Now if Rocsi 794 as an example and look at these, we can dance squares with the absence of that dance. 05:47.680 --> 05:54.570 Quite bishop here, for example, Rook takes seven would be nice to take off the rope ties and then 05:54.580 --> 05:58.480 they have six chac so there are some issues. 05:58.480 --> 06:00.640 So Quiñones five is plaint. 06:03.260 --> 06:12.860 Stopping at least 94, but after 94, yeah, this livescribe is exchanged off and white central control 06:13.310 --> 06:18.940 seems even more evident now after C4 hits in the Queen Protecting the rock. 06:18.980 --> 06:23.000 Twenty five nights he sings nicely entrenched tonight on C6. 06:24.530 --> 06:27.320 So both everyone's bishops have gone. 06:27.920 --> 06:31.730 But the aftermath in the center is very interesting to consider here. 06:32.570 --> 06:40.160 So Health 93 95, if queen aged five had, then actually this is a powerful move. 06:40.340 --> 06:42.590 135 hitting the queen. 06:43.130 --> 06:49.280 And then, you know, again, pawns don't go backwards so quickly to looking at even more pressure now 06:49.310 --> 06:56.450 on blacks possession, for example, like this is, it's getting very, very powerful for why this kind 06:56.450 --> 06:57.740 of situation winning material. 06:58.520 --> 07:07.490 So as an example, so 95 was played and here of the rook, 135 -- queen of night, that's a disaster 07:07.490 --> 07:11.080 for black Capablanca resigned. 07:11.480 --> 07:14.450 So this is a move, 31 devastation. 07:16.610 --> 07:22.220 So this game showed in a theoretical sense, you know, the threat is a worthy opening in its own right 07:22.610 --> 07:25.250 and it doesn't commit a pawn to the center. 07:25.940 --> 07:32.780 So is this kind of rewriting the rules outlined that you should start with central control? 07:33.860 --> 07:38.360 Yeah, but central control is a little bit distinct from central occupation. 07:39.320 --> 07:44.810 With the RedZone opening, you are aiming to try and control the central squares later. 07:44.810 --> 07:47.540 You're trying to dominate them as we see in this game. 07:48.410 --> 07:54.140 But it can be off to the opponents has committed pawns in the sense that if we just rewind back here, 07:54.740 --> 08:01.190 Capablanca had committed pawns and later steps were made to undermine E5. 08:02.720 --> 08:06.440 So that's a thing about --'s because they're irreversible. 08:06.440 --> 08:07.160 It's like. 08:09.600 --> 08:15.150 You're setting up sometimes the construction for the opponents to literally undermine later, maybe 08:15.150 --> 08:19.730 with the advantage of taking control over the center. 08:19.980 --> 08:23.070 So the modernists were making very, very useful points. 08:23.430 --> 08:27.150 They were trying to find useful exceptions to established theory. 08:27.690 --> 08:34.740 And this type of modern agenda is is demonstrated here against, you know, one of the strongest players 08:34.740 --> 08:35.340 in the world. 08:35.640 --> 08:43.110 Can Plancarte, 1924, Richard Reti, a leading kind of hyper modernist, carried it off to actually 08:43.110 --> 08:49.380 conceptually show that basically you don't need to literally occupy the center initially at least, 08:49.860 --> 08:52.580 and you can sort of undermine independent central construction. 08:53.130 --> 08:59.050 So we see, you know, from these humble beginnings with this undermining plan that can lead to advantage. 08:59.080 --> 09:06.240 OK, like it could have upgraded as played out, but unfamiliarity and the need to improvise in such 09:06.240 --> 09:11.640 situations will increase the possibility usually of mistakes and errors. 09:13.590 --> 09:20.940 So with this in mind, you know, pushing --'s occupying the center sometimes just be way, you know, 09:20.940 --> 09:27.900 they can be undermined as pawns are a reflection of so-called irreversible, you know, decisions. 09:28.560 --> 09:35.310 Sometimes there's a lucrative business to pushing pawns like the excitement of a possible but I possible 09:35.310 --> 09:38.910 can become a liability in its own right. 09:39.220 --> 09:42.960 Pawns can become weak and difficult to defend. 09:43.770 --> 09:51.210 And the more dependence on PCs to defend such pawns is like the whole obsession can sometimes become 09:51.210 --> 09:54.740 overloaded, just looking after structural weaknesses. 09:55.200 --> 09:58.890 So here, just to recap this undermining of Black Center. 10:00.600 --> 10:00.870 Yeah. 10:00.870 --> 10:02.080 Led to what? 10:02.280 --> 10:07.110 Essentially controlling sense, especially after this task where Bishop had gone. 10:07.110 --> 10:12.270 It's like leaving some square gaping weaknesses in Black's position to deal with. 10:12.510 --> 10:15.450 And these lines are springing up and kind of celebrating. 10:15.450 --> 10:21.570 These these kind of downsides of Black's position by the defo here is just super annoying as well. 10:21.840 --> 10:27.450 Barring this default pressure, we're already at this stage, it moved twenty 24, you know, capitalized, 10:27.450 --> 10:31.350 only lasting six moves from here to thirty one. 10:31.350 --> 10:36.180 So at this point, the big central control is being demonstrated. 10:37.170 --> 10:43.890 So, yes, if we consider that central control doesn't need occupation and capital moves, if we can 10:43.890 --> 10:50.130 play in a more independent way without introducing liabilities, that's generally interesting thing. 10:52.020 --> 10:56.070 So, yes, in this game we see that kind of hyper modernist approach. 10:56.640 --> 11:03.900 And, you know, the legends like Fisher and Kasparov used, you know, systems which allow the opponent 11:04.290 --> 11:06.690 to occupy the center like the kinsinger in the fence. 11:07.260 --> 11:12.990 So these principles remain and have been successful for some of the world champions. 11:13.440 --> 11:17.940 The high blondness made very, very useful contributions to the whole theory of the game. 11:18.270 --> 11:25.550 But this one notion of having to occupy the center literally with pawns is challenged. 11:25.550 --> 11:30.330 Challenge that actually, you know, what about just control or let the opponent occupy for you to undermine 11:30.330 --> 11:32.280 later to try and get control. 11:32.850 --> 11:38.880 So it's actually in the battle of control rather than occupation of the center or the extended center. 11:39.180 --> 11:42.570 We want to control like the extended center. 11:42.570 --> 11:47.940 We can think of the four key squares and if we want, we can extend that out either horizontally or 11:47.940 --> 11:48.990 vertically a little bit. 11:49.500 --> 11:55.740 And if our pieces have such influence like here, the won't influence over the center and how it evolves 11:55.740 --> 11:57.090 over the next six moves. 11:57.420 --> 11:58.830 Let's look at that in slow motion. 11:59.130 --> 12:08.250 So 93 setting up some dangerous France already like 94 and the Queens just awkward the queen. 12:08.250 --> 12:10.650 The pieces are kind of very, very passive here. 12:12.000 --> 12:18.030 And, you know, Ninety-four weakens Blackhorn online squares, meaning that there's going to be a 966 12:18.030 --> 12:22.920 controlling even more dark squares once those bishops come off. 12:23.310 --> 12:26.850 It seems, you know, it's campaign getting rid of blacks, bishops. 12:27.660 --> 12:31.980 Why it's sort of dominance now on lights, squares and dance choirs here. 12:33.930 --> 12:41.970 So this is just a monster monster kind of night on C6 as well, so this is this is a vivid, modern 12:42.000 --> 12:50.820 example which kind of sets a tone for general the viability of not having to commit pawns in the center. 12:51.330 --> 12:53.410 I mean, what was black doing here anyway? 12:53.790 --> 12:56.010 This is such a tricky position. 12:56.940 --> 12:59.900 The queen is kind of stranded because of that night anyway. 13:00.180 --> 13:03.560 Why is threatening a move like this to trap the queen? 13:04.440 --> 13:12.180 So, you know, if Queen H5 streaker, you know, Rook here is strong and ham, for example, Queen 13:12.180 --> 13:20.600 detA and then there's big issues here, how you know, how black actually kind of play this position. 13:20.610 --> 13:25.560 Blacks in a kind of virtual zugzwang here almost. 13:28.410 --> 13:34.830 And, you know, potentially this idea is to trap the queen G for later if don't be a, you know, crashing 13:34.830 --> 13:36.230 through to rotate. 13:36.420 --> 13:39.020 But what what exactly is black doing? 13:39.570 --> 13:44.060 It's such an impressive position here in terms of central control. 13:45.210 --> 13:46.860 So in this vivid example. 13:46.860 --> 13:49.350 So this is Richard reticence canceling the 1924. 13:49.680 --> 13:54.750 So, you know, many of the leading players in the world showing that actually you don't even need to 13:54.750 --> 13:56.450 play one E4. 13:56.910 --> 13:58.130 So it's a prop.. 13:58.140 --> 14:03.070 But look at the fundamental philosophy of it with this game example. 14:03.600 --> 14:09.720 So sometimes you can just let the opponent occupy to undermine later and gain control of key central 14:09.720 --> 14:10.230 squares. 14:10.440 --> 14:15.460 So that central battle and also just generally weaknesses around the king as well in this game. 14:15.960 --> 14:18.830 So it's not always about literal occupation. 14:19.140 --> 14:25.590 So there is that mindset that sometimes you don't mind the opponent occupying or extending forward because 14:25.590 --> 14:29.050 you can undermine later and gain access to key squares. 14:29.490 --> 14:34.380 OK, I hope that's a little bit of an interesting concept to consider. 14:34.680 --> 14:41.610 --'s are criminal in nature and the modernists like Reti celebrated that fact with certain innovations 14:41.610 --> 14:44.040 in opening theory and ideas generally. 14:44.610 --> 14:46.140 OK, that's a much.