WEBVTT 00:01.290 --> 00:01.950 Hi there. 00:02.760 --> 00:09.480 In this lecture, we're going to look at a game of Philidor, so Philidor was one of the best players 00:09.480 --> 00:10.230 in his day. 00:11.040 --> 00:13.230 This game is from 1749. 00:13.740 --> 00:18.960 So 18th century, one of the greatest players at the time. 00:19.200 --> 00:25.270 And he had a phrase which people remembered today, -- of the song of chess. 00:26.070 --> 00:36.000 So Philidor born 1726 up to 17, 95, often referred to as Andranik. 00:36.060 --> 00:41.670 And Philidor was a French composer and a chess player. 00:41.850 --> 00:45.880 He contributed to the early development of the opera KAMIK. 00:46.580 --> 00:56.220 He is referred to as the best chance player of his age and he created a book, Analyze the Shenk's was 00:56.220 --> 01:00.960 considered a standard chess manual for at least a century. 01:02.610 --> 01:08.310 So yeah, he had some early ideas and he documented them and some of those ideas persist today. 01:08.850 --> 01:14.430 But we're going to have a look at one of his most important contributions after a game example of his. 01:14.760 --> 01:24.000 So this is against any kind of anonymous player, P45 Bishop, CIFOR Bishop, C5, Seefried. 01:24.020 --> 01:26.460 So he's interested in the use of the pawns early on. 01:26.850 --> 01:29.490 Not not a kind of more romantic era. 01:29.490 --> 01:30.450 King's gambit. 01:30.960 --> 01:37.020 He's using the pawns in a kind of positional way in this game of the night. 01:37.020 --> 01:42.180 If things default, he takes he takes Bishop B sex. 01:43.020 --> 01:44.670 He Frank Black just canceled. 01:44.940 --> 01:49.920 There was an opportunity to take on EFORE, which is more theoretically correct. 01:49.920 --> 01:55.830 It would break up White's pawns and get the piece back and black should be absolutely fine. 01:56.310 --> 01:57.600 But he didn't do this. 01:58.320 --> 02:01.380 So this kind of situation, for example, the pawns are broken up. 02:02.160 --> 02:06.390 So White's pawn mobility in the center is significantly reduced. 02:06.390 --> 02:12.990 This is just an example variation, but black kind of misses this opportunity for this little trick 02:13.830 --> 02:16.080 here and also here. 02:16.080 --> 02:18.900 There's another similar opportunity in 1984. 02:19.410 --> 02:25.890 So black allows whites have a more fluid center, more dynamic, aggressive center which can push forward 02:25.890 --> 02:27.840 with E5 soon. 02:28.530 --> 02:32.820 Bishop defrayed D five E five and then night goes back. 02:32.820 --> 02:40.410 So White Center is kind of aggressive and aggressive, which we see Bishop Efrain trying to persuade 02:40.410 --> 02:44.370 C5 five, six and now quinsy too. 02:46.320 --> 02:50.250 So this doesn't mind having just a single Plumridge there. 02:50.250 --> 02:51.810 But look at the poor majority. 02:52.500 --> 02:55.710 What has a poor majority for the two here? 02:55.710 --> 02:57.390 It's quite pronounced in this position. 02:57.870 --> 02:59.910 Black has a forty two on this side. 03:00.330 --> 03:06.060 So it's actually kind of critical because it's a fourth to not just like one extra pawn. 03:06.060 --> 03:08.010 If you split the board in half. 03:09.330 --> 03:12.720 This is more critical for using the poor majority. 03:13.290 --> 03:20.820 We see Bishop ESX, my for Queen seven and now an exchange of square bishops, which does give black 03:21.030 --> 03:27.870 some activity on the official white council's 97 98 cents queen tax. 03:28.290 --> 03:35.420 That's a potential blockading piece of these pawns which can potentially flow forward for ninety seven. 03:35.700 --> 03:43.200 So at the moment E5 would be very vulnerable for a pawn, but it's supported g sex, putting the brakes 03:43.200 --> 03:50.250 on any potential advances for the moment and ensuring the full and now 94. 03:50.250 --> 03:52.530 This this is an interesting kind of tactics. 03:52.530 --> 03:55.620 Behind the scenes moments we see age sex. 03:56.070 --> 04:02.760 If Queen takes a to the point is it seems like the sex it would frighten bishops see for check. 04:02.790 --> 04:05.400 It will be quite dangerous for black to do this. 04:05.550 --> 04:10.980 For example, Queeny five before this situation gets unpleasant. 04:11.190 --> 04:18.060 McAffrey hitting the Queen and F5 is a vicious, you know, king attack supported by that huge kind 04:18.060 --> 04:20.310 of monster the night on D6. 04:20.310 --> 04:25.350 So this kind of attack would be difficult to defend, impossible to the fans, you know, like meeting 04:27.690 --> 04:28.920 room laughs. 04:29.070 --> 04:31.110 I will be very, very difficult for the fans. 04:31.410 --> 04:32.100 So it seems yeah. 04:32.100 --> 04:34.140 That is a kind of poison sacrifice. 04:34.140 --> 04:35.130 It's not taken. 04:36.480 --> 04:41.180 And the same approach takes eight to five here and might have sex. 04:41.190 --> 04:47.100 It's very dangerous for black because the rook would be hanging here if Queen takes Bishop C for within 04:47.100 --> 04:47.460 the rock. 04:48.660 --> 04:54.090 So Eighty-six and now White does actually do something about that form. 04:54.090 --> 04:57.810 Be free B five G four. 04:57.900 --> 04:58.170 Yeah. 04:58.170 --> 04:59.820 This is expressing a keen. 04:59.900 --> 05:04.180 Interest in using the pool majority, it's a 42. 05:04.570 --> 05:11.560 It means that two connected passports could arise on a potential exchange. 05:11.560 --> 05:17.460 On a five later we see 95, 93, 93. 05:17.520 --> 05:25.590 And now the Bluefin in this pool, mobility is expressed here with a kind of positional exchange sacrifice. 05:26.560 --> 05:29.170 So Brooke takes E3 was played. 05:30.340 --> 05:37.690 And yeah, this this makes it more about what it spawns than before, potentially glasspool majority. 05:37.690 --> 05:38.920 It does have double pawns. 05:38.920 --> 05:43.330 So it's not as impressive as why it's majority on this side of the board. 05:43.330 --> 05:44.670 That still falls, too. 05:45.160 --> 05:53.650 But this is a sort of less convincing, Fredricka, because the double pawns black also can step up 05:53.650 --> 05:54.660 the A2 form. 05:55.810 --> 06:01.000 In fact, black does have certain resources in this position that don't actually undermine the free 06:01.000 --> 06:01.590 as well. 06:02.410 --> 06:05.300 Rookie one we see Queen be free. 06:06.640 --> 06:07.030 Yeah. 06:07.030 --> 06:12.280 So actually, black in theory does have dangerous passports, but it's why it's done now. 06:12.280 --> 06:15.460 Queene for queeny six and F five. 06:15.820 --> 06:21.970 So we see now the emergence of actually two connected pawns, pawns between the five. 06:24.230 --> 06:32.390 It turns out here, if black was extremely resourceful, black does have an option of knocking out these 06:32.390 --> 06:41.230 two connected passports here with Queen takes E5 instead and there should be absolutely fine for black 06:41.480 --> 06:42.470 this situation. 06:42.920 --> 06:45.110 It's a rook for a knight right now. 06:45.470 --> 06:50.810 But if we look at this off the record for a while, White is under pressure and Black's pawns can be 06:50.810 --> 06:53.390 made to be significant here. 06:53.420 --> 06:58.550 For example, like this should be absolutely fine for this kind of situation. 06:59.330 --> 07:06.380 But the pawns were allowed to live on off the Queen D5 so black, seemingly kind of oblivious to the 07:06.380 --> 07:09.880 dangers expressed by the two connected past pawns here. 07:10.400 --> 07:11.240 And that's the point. 07:11.250 --> 07:14.590 The passport mobility was not very well understood. 07:14.960 --> 07:22.760 Philidor, in this game seems more acutely aware of the long term impacts of connected passports he 07:22.760 --> 07:26.090 takes on D5 gladly and then takes on B5. 07:26.810 --> 07:29.390 So Black's pawns are kind of fragmented here. 07:30.710 --> 07:31.520 Might be six. 07:31.520 --> 07:35.030 Both whites are connected and very, very powerful. 07:36.050 --> 07:38.330 They say, you know, a later quotation. 07:38.570 --> 07:44.320 I believe passports on the sixth rank are worth their weight in gold as they progress, you know, they're 07:44.330 --> 07:51.290 going to become a formidable force supporting each other to great potential Queens queening. 07:51.290 --> 07:59.680 So Rokeby to have Bishop differing, haven't here one lost, you know, another lost saloon's shall 08:00.020 --> 08:01.430 be free is interesting. 08:01.430 --> 08:08.300 So this situation after 1994, even if Blank gives up the exchange there, if Black takes out one of 08:08.330 --> 08:15.110 the connectives passports, then it veers to equality by blacks, kind of oblivious to these possibilities 08:15.350 --> 08:19.040 of knocking out as a high priority a kind of strategic imperative. 08:19.400 --> 08:24.860 These connected pawns, blacks really oblivious and it's not looking for that kind of thing, but instead 08:24.860 --> 08:34.940 trying to kind of passively defend with seven we see Bishop five nights C4 and one night H5 Rogak Achak 08:35.180 --> 08:38.750 Bishop G4 92 is played. 08:41.120 --> 08:49.460 Here there is a blockading resource in besets because of ESX that can just be taken because of this 08:49.460 --> 08:53.460 PIN Bishop that wasn't spotted or used. 08:53.480 --> 08:55.900 So we have 92 instead. 08:56.660 --> 08:59.360 And now the ones are really, really decisive. 08:59.840 --> 09:01.030 Points can be made with them. 09:01.460 --> 09:08.030 ESX the night supports the assets now, so they're making a very, very important and crushing advance. 09:09.530 --> 09:15.230 So after a fight, we've seen a full tank. 09:16.220 --> 09:20.780 KINGI Some Bishop H5 Yeah. 09:20.780 --> 09:29.870 Just reinforcing and being able to play Eighty-seven is absolutely crushing, reinforcing f7 so the 09:29.870 --> 09:33.670 game ended hefti for then just s7. 09:33.680 --> 09:40.280 You can see that the two connected passports have triumphed if real things actually we can just here 09:41.780 --> 09:42.990 without further ado. 09:43.160 --> 09:48.050 So without further delay, it's interesting out. 09:48.430 --> 09:56.000 Phil seems to be acutely aware from the opening of the importance of his poor majority, Black was kind 09:56.000 --> 09:59.720 of oblivious to the importance of the --'s and it was like too late. 10:00.170 --> 10:05.990 Once the pawns got mobile, they're extremely dangerous and winning essentially. 10:06.410 --> 10:10.550 So it's an early game and it does show Philippos chess understanding. 10:11.060 --> 10:19.940 He knew about the Center for Mobility and other major factors of the chessboard, which a lot of people 10:19.940 --> 10:27.530 just only, you know, kind of attribute mainly to Stinnett's, you know, the first official world 10:27.530 --> 10:28.100 chess champion. 10:28.100 --> 10:36.010 But a lot of structural ideas were kind of discovered originally by Philidor. 10:36.680 --> 10:40.150 So we have that expression, which is a shortcut. 10:40.160 --> 10:45.800 You know, the pawns of the sort of chess, which is a major legacy by also has an opening named after 10:45.800 --> 10:48.040 him and gain positions named after him. 10:48.350 --> 10:53.300 So there's other legacies of in chess, a very, very important player in the evolution of chess. 10:56.600 --> 11:06.050 So, yeah, I think the key lesson from this game example is, you know, think about the pawns, not 11:06.050 --> 11:11.200 just the sacrificial lambs to be sacrificed just to open up the pieces. 11:11.210 --> 11:14.120 They do play a more strategic role. 11:14.120 --> 11:19.820 If you do have a poor majority, especially a more vivid, poor majority, like in this game of not 11:19.820 --> 11:27.230 just one poll, but two points, the priority of creating connected pawns later should be in minds like 11:27.230 --> 11:27.730 this game. 11:28.010 --> 11:36.740 White was clearly aware of the dynamic potential of the pawns was black, was oblivious. 11:37.810 --> 11:39.770 OK, that's too much.