WEBVTT 00:01.110 --> 00:02.040 Hi there. 00:02.160 --> 00:07.950 In this lecture, I'd like to talk about interesting chess quotations which revolve around attacks, 00:07.950 --> 00:13.610 sacrifices and commendations from various world champions and other interesting players. 00:13.620 --> 00:19.350 So Philidor, he wasn't an official world chess champion, but he laid a kind of foundation about the 00:19.350 --> 00:22.140 pawns, calling pawns the sole of the game. 00:22.140 --> 00:24.570 They alone form the attack and the defense. 00:24.570 --> 00:27.450 So he felt like pawns of the soul of chess. 00:28.800 --> 00:35.520 Now, later in the romantic era, out of Anson has a quotation which is basically attack, always attack. 00:35.520 --> 00:37.740 So quite an enthusiast on the attack. 00:38.460 --> 00:43.140 Wilhelm Steinitz, the first official world champion, started to introduce rules about attack. 00:43.170 --> 00:48.210 He said only the player with the initiative has the right to attack. 00:49.110 --> 00:51.210 So the initiative calling the shots. 00:51.240 --> 00:56.520 The opponents, for example, of Paul Morphy, were on the receiving end and they were having to parry 00:56.520 --> 00:58.230 Fritz a lot of the time. 00:58.230 --> 01:01.800 Paul Morphy had the initiative, especially in the open game. 01:02.070 --> 01:03.330 It's very important. 01:04.470 --> 01:10.500 He also said when you have an advantage, you are obliged to attack, otherwise you are endangered to 01:10.500 --> 01:11.670 lose the advantage. 01:11.670 --> 01:13.020 So he really fought. 01:13.020 --> 01:17.280 It was an integral part of the game for converting advantages. 01:17.790 --> 01:23.970 He also said a win by an unsound combination, however showy, fills me with artistic horror. 01:24.000 --> 01:31.230 So yeah, he didn't like and soundness, you know, even if it was seemingly beautiful, if it was unsound. 01:31.230 --> 01:32.880 Technically, he didn't like it. 01:33.660 --> 01:37.260 He also said a sacrifice is best refuted by accepting it. 01:39.960 --> 01:41.570 That can be quite dangerous sometimes. 01:41.580 --> 01:44.220 Sometimes it's bad to ignore it for a moment. 01:44.370 --> 01:46.170 Well, it depends on the situation. 01:46.230 --> 01:51.230 The attack is the process by by means of which you remove obstructions. 01:51.240 --> 01:52.830 So that is something Laskar said. 01:52.830 --> 01:54.930 It's like removing obstructions. 01:54.930 --> 01:58.230 Liberating the pieces seems to be the implication there. 02:00.510 --> 02:03.450 And, you know, maybe it's pawns, maybe it's your own pieces. 02:03.450 --> 02:07.190 It could be just obstructions that your own pieces to get to the opponents. 02:07.200 --> 02:10.530 KING Combination is a soul of chess. 02:10.530 --> 02:16.320 So Alexander Alekhine, as we've seen, really loves his combinations, and he had to work hard, long 02:16.320 --> 02:21.720 and hard to indicate that dangerous delusion that in the bad position, he could always or nearly always 02:21.720 --> 02:26.160 conjure up some unexpected combination to extricate himself from the difficulties. 02:27.090 --> 02:30.840 So, yes, Alekhine is a great basis of this course. 02:30.840 --> 02:37.110 So it's very interesting, just to reiterate his his thoughts here in the context of other people do 02:37.110 --> 02:42.090 not always be thinking of attack Moves that safeguard your position are often far more prudent. 02:42.090 --> 02:47.850 So Aaron Nimzowitsch so safeguarding the position prophylaxis, strengthening the position, it calls 02:47.850 --> 02:49.710 that more prudence than attacking. 02:49.740 --> 02:50.460 He's got a point. 02:50.460 --> 02:56.970 Sometimes it is better to try and reduce the opponent's counterplay, for example, and you know, over 02:56.970 --> 02:59.430 protection of E5 or just restrain the opponent's pieces. 02:59.430 --> 03:03.270 Then, then maybe you can think about the attack later. 03:03.270 --> 03:09.720 So safeguarding the position, no pawn exchanges, no foul opening, no attack. 03:09.720 --> 03:17.790 So he kind of links up the pawns a bit like Philidor, that the pawns actually play a vital role in 03:17.790 --> 03:18.990 attacking potential. 03:19.530 --> 03:22.260 The first essential for an attack is the will to attack. 03:22.260 --> 03:22.860 It's hard to go. 03:22.860 --> 03:23.850 He's pretty witty. 03:23.850 --> 03:25.830 I love go with quotations. 03:25.980 --> 03:28.320 So yes, he has talked about these things. 03:28.320 --> 03:30.840 It's always better to sacrifice your opponent's men. 03:31.500 --> 03:32.460 That's funny. 03:32.910 --> 03:38.310 A queen sacrifice when even when Fatty Elvis always rejoices the heart of the chess lover. 03:39.660 --> 03:43.710 And funny enough, the Queen sacrifice is touched on in a bit by Karpov. 03:43.740 --> 03:44.730 We'll get to that. 03:44.760 --> 03:49.470 So yes, people, even the absolute champions, they love the Queen sacrifice. 03:50.520 --> 03:56.520 So Alekhine's real genius is in the preparation and construction of a position long before combinations 03:56.520 --> 04:00.810 or mating attacks come into consideration at all. 04:00.810 --> 04:03.270 So Max Alwa has said that. 04:03.270 --> 04:08.490 So actually we all kind of trying to tap in in this course to alekhine's real genius. 04:08.880 --> 04:13.800 So in fact, you know, this this is like one of the more important quotes out of all of this. 04:13.800 --> 04:19.260 I know it's in very small font and I'll give you a text file as well. 04:19.260 --> 04:20.910 You can open up to see these. 04:20.910 --> 04:23.040 But yeah, this is what we're examining. 04:23.040 --> 04:28.560 We're examining the real genius of Alexander Alekhine we want to focus in on how did he get these combinations 04:28.560 --> 04:29.790 of making attacks. 04:30.060 --> 04:34.500 It's in the preparation and the construction of a position first. 04:34.500 --> 04:38.310 So what are the ingredients there in that process? 04:38.430 --> 04:42.540 He also botvinnik the different, more champion with opposite kind of bishops. 04:42.540 --> 04:46.260 The attacking side has in effect, an extra piece in the shape of his bishop. 04:46.290 --> 04:52.040 Yeah, this is touching on Bishop without a counterpart, but both sides basically have a bishop, a 04:52.080 --> 04:52.710 counterpart. 04:52.710 --> 04:56.460 So Botvinnik observed that, you know, it's like in effect an extra piece. 04:56.460 --> 04:57.930 They're on different sides of the row. 04:57.930 --> 05:03.570 So if you have got the attack and you have got a different color bishop to the opponent or maybe the 05:03.570 --> 05:08.190 opponent's got annoying, you know, your bishop's kind of a vicious line piece on that side of the 05:08.190 --> 05:08.850 road, so to speak. 05:08.850 --> 05:14.880 You know, that color of squares on the board which don't link with the other kind of so for the line 05:14.880 --> 05:18.840 pieces the bishops in particular, the rooks, of course, can switch the different colors, but the 05:18.840 --> 05:21.480 bishops are confined to one color. 05:22.410 --> 05:31.710 So I will not hide the fact, the fact that I love to hear the spectators reaction after a sacrifice 05:31.710 --> 05:32.790 of a piece of a pawn. 05:32.790 --> 05:35.700 I don't think there is anything bad in such a feeling. 05:35.700 --> 05:40.140 No artist or musician is indifferent to the reactions of the public. 05:40.140 --> 05:41.160 So make out how. 05:41.910 --> 05:47.580 Yeah, he really loves that artistic like or performance effects, you know, from the musician, he 05:47.580 --> 05:49.800 said There are two types of sacrifices, correct ones. 05:49.800 --> 05:53.430 And mine he didn't really didn't mind, you know, his flavor of sacrifice. 05:53.430 --> 05:55.230 If it wasn't completely sound. 05:55.230 --> 06:00.510 He was often introducing great complexity to the possession, which really confused opponents. 06:01.140 --> 06:07.890 So one charming characteristic of many flank attacks I could mention is that they do not very often 06:07.890 --> 06:09.360 need to simplification. 06:09.390 --> 06:15.390 If you attack his parades, there are usually still opportunities left for initiating action in another 06:15.390 --> 06:15.870 sector. 06:15.870 --> 06:16.200 So. 06:16.200 --> 06:20.430 Ben Lawson So he was one of the greats in the Fisher era, obscured by Fisher. 06:20.430 --> 06:22.860 And it's interesting, he's a great attacking player. 06:22.890 --> 06:29.970 Limbs are lost in attack and of course on his one be free with Larsen games brilliant player combinations 06:29.970 --> 06:35.670 with a queen sacrifice are among the most striking and memorable So memorable so Anatoly Karpov expressed 06:35.670 --> 06:38.130 this love of queen sacrifices. 06:39.100 --> 06:39.790 As well then. 06:39.790 --> 06:47.680 So, you know, the queen sacrifice is loved by a kind of Tasca as well as Karpov here, evidently. 06:49.480 --> 06:52.220 So this is another one. 06:52.240 --> 06:55.030 This is by Spassky, for example, Computer defends. 06:55.030 --> 07:00.970 Well, but for humans, it's harder to defend than attack, particularly with the modern time control. 07:01.000 --> 07:07.300 So, yes, the time control, the notions of less time is I've talked about that quite a bit in various 07:07.300 --> 07:15.040 parts of this course and intros that especially in time pressure, if you're on the attack, it's easier 07:15.040 --> 07:16.540 to be on the attack than offense. 07:16.540 --> 07:19.420 One wrong move and you could be, for example, checkmated. 07:21.300 --> 07:26.910 So he also said Spassky also said nowadays the dynamic element is more important in chess. 07:26.910 --> 07:32.040 Players more often sacrifice material to obtain dynamic compensation. 07:32.550 --> 07:36.180 So we're in Spassky again now. 07:36.180 --> 07:38.340 Fischer I had to really squish this. 07:38.340 --> 07:38.820 Sorry. 07:39.360 --> 07:45.340 It says he said, this is not really about King, and he's more of a is very flexible in what he attacks. 07:45.360 --> 07:49.650 I don't recommend trying to cram a lot of opening move variations into your head. 07:49.680 --> 07:56.640 The main idea behind any opening is to get a strong pawn center and give your pieces a lot of scope 07:56.880 --> 08:01.260 so that you cramp your opponent's position and can attack weaknesses in his game. 08:01.260 --> 08:04.710 So he's not talking about the king necessarily just weaknesses in the game. 08:04.740 --> 08:11.700 So the idea of getting flexibility with a strong pawn censor and it's interesting that he notes, it's 08:11.700 --> 08:19.140 almost as if employing occupation is actually a little bit more important than control when he's emphasizing 08:19.620 --> 08:21.060 a strong pawn center there. 08:21.450 --> 08:29.700 But yeah, when you when you do actually occupy the center rather than control it, your pawns are kind 08:29.700 --> 08:33.540 of locking in the opponent's pawns, quite neatly blockading, literally. 08:33.540 --> 08:36.450 So it's actually impossible for the opponent's pawns to move. 08:36.480 --> 08:42.780 One of the little downsides of controlling the center for a fight is that they could still move their 08:42.780 --> 08:43.020 pawn. 08:43.020 --> 08:44.610 In theory, it could be a sacrifice. 08:44.610 --> 08:47.130 So it's a little bit more dangerous sometimes. 08:47.130 --> 08:54.450 But if you've got a strong pawn center, you are completely sometimes locking down the opponent's pawns. 08:54.480 --> 09:01.260 So, okay, so Kasparov indicated, I like to say that the attacker always has the advantage. 09:01.680 --> 09:08.100 And he said attackers may sometimes regret bad moves, but it's much worse to forever regret an opportunity 09:08.100 --> 09:09.640 that you allowed to pass by. 09:09.660 --> 09:14.940 So the bigger opportunity of the attack in general is emphasizing it would be gutting to to miss that 09:14.940 --> 09:15.480 opportunity. 09:15.480 --> 09:19.840 So, as we say, so rare, it's rising staff here. 09:19.860 --> 09:22.230 So, yeah, this is an interesting selection. 09:22.230 --> 09:27.030 So I looked at different world champions and I gathered these together just in case. 09:27.030 --> 09:29.270 There's some very interesting points. 09:29.280 --> 09:30.990 I think they're all pretty interesting. 09:30.990 --> 09:34.830 I really had a hard time trying to remove even one of them. 09:34.880 --> 09:40.440 I kind of like all of them together, and they're a bit in historical order, you know, from, you 09:40.440 --> 09:45.740 know, Philidor, pre romantic era Adolf Andersen, then. 09:45.750 --> 09:50.280 STEIN It's like the crusher of the romantic era of science with the scientific theories about chess. 09:50.280 --> 09:57.120 You're needing to get accumulate advanced years first to have that right to attack, and that's a necessity 09:57.120 --> 09:57.960 to attack. 09:58.590 --> 10:02.880 And then, you know, we're going into the Alekhine era and Nimzowitsch was around the Alekhine era 10:02.880 --> 10:12.110 and Tosca and then, oh, Botvinnik, you know, we're going tell lost around that era. 10:12.120 --> 10:12.870 Karpov. 10:12.870 --> 10:19.290 Kasparov So yeah, it's a bit of a chronology here of these quotations, so I hope you found this interesting. 10:19.290 --> 10:24.450 I thought it'd be just an interesting exercise to check them out and comment on them just briefly. 10:24.750 --> 10:25.590 Okay. 10:26.580 --> 10:32.460 Now of the first official World Chess Women, let's have a look at a concrete game example. 10:33.390 --> 10:40.800 So if you look at Wiki for Steinitz, it's around 1873 that Steinitz had this transformation from an 10:40.800 --> 10:46.410 all out attacking player, for example, like Adolf Andersson, you know, an all out attacking player 10:47.550 --> 10:49.890 to a kind of more positionally, refined player. 10:49.890 --> 10:54.030 And it's almost as if when you attack later, when you've accumulated the advantages, it's it's very, 10:54.030 --> 10:55.860 very natural risk free. 10:56.040 --> 11:04.110 So here Samuel Rosenthal against Wilhelm Steinitz in 1873, the Vienna tournament which Steinitz won 11:04.110 --> 11:08.160 so E4 from Rosenthal and Steinitz played E5. 11:08.160 --> 11:16.830 We have 9c489c69 F3 and now this is one of my systems in online speed chess nowadays. 11:16.830 --> 11:18.450 Funny enough, I like this. 11:18.450 --> 11:22.320 So d4 e tanks, knight tanks D four, Bishop G seven. 11:22.320 --> 11:25.650 So I like to think so, but it has costs associated with it. 11:25.650 --> 11:34.350 Why it could end up hack attacking you with h age five so ge7 we have bishops e4 d six both sides castle 11:34.380 --> 11:36.060 canceled f4. 11:36.060 --> 11:44.190 Now this does lock in the bishop on a free but is kind of dangerous sometimes this F5 we have a five 11:44.190 --> 11:50.640 so that's a cool move driving that bishop to unpin the f7 pawn and now D5 another cool move causing 11:50.640 --> 11:54.690 disruption, making it kind of unlikely that F5 is going to be effective. 11:54.690 --> 11:55.840 So it takes Knight. 11:56.010 --> 12:03.270 So you can see that already White's being positionally outplayed, so you can't really play like this 12:03.900 --> 12:10.320 against a position, a strong player like Steinitz, It looks like, you know, there's a, there's 12:10.320 --> 12:12.060 less harmony in White's position. 12:12.060 --> 12:17.910 This is not a great way of playing attack Knight takes Queen sex and Black's got really active queen 12:17.910 --> 12:20.670 down the center Very nice C free we. 12:21.550 --> 12:22.590 Lot of pressure. 12:23.970 --> 12:26.490 So, yes, an interesting position here. 12:27.900 --> 12:29.640 We have Quincy, too. 12:31.740 --> 12:38.310 And one of the points here of Quincy, too, you look at Black's friend here, it can be on of Bishop 12:38.340 --> 12:41.720 E Ford to get this to avoid losing a bishop on D3. 12:41.730 --> 12:46.830 So we have 94, though, and this is accumulating now. 12:47.250 --> 12:49.080 Advantage Bishop, take C4. 12:49.080 --> 12:50.490 Black has that light squared. 12:50.490 --> 12:52.440 Bishop without a counterpart. 12:52.440 --> 12:59.250 But what was the option if Bishop f2 c5 Bishop e4 Queen D sex. 12:59.670 --> 13:06.090 This actually is about even technically that was an option, but Bishop takes C4 was played so an attacking 13:06.090 --> 13:07.860 ingredient has been handed over. 13:07.860 --> 13:13.410 But maybe there's not really an awareness that this is any sort of advantage and it's kind of hidden 13:13.410 --> 13:15.220 when people talk about the bishop here. 13:15.510 --> 13:20.750 I really like this aspect that this bishop is potentially dangerous online squares, but there's also 13:21.030 --> 13:21.930 the harmony issue. 13:21.930 --> 13:23.760 This bishop is locked in still. 13:23.850 --> 13:31.710 We have Queen F2 C5 Knights driven back B six and this kind of makes sure that Bishop's kind of prisoner 13:31.800 --> 13:34.830 in the position like E5. 13:34.830 --> 13:38.400 So this looks impressive but it can be driven back with F6 later potentially. 13:38.700 --> 13:46.710 Queen now bishop A6 hitting the rook rook f one and the knights driven back to a knight g4 If the knight 13:46.710 --> 13:51.960 went forward, it's going to be trapped with this move, whereas the knight going after that. 13:52.500 --> 13:55.260 So Knight takes we just take it's just trapped. 13:55.260 --> 14:01.080 So the knight goes back, you see H five Knight F2 So it's not just a bishop round counterpart, it's 14:01.080 --> 14:03.720 trying to nullify this knight. 14:03.750 --> 14:05.340 Let's make sure it's not very useful. 14:05.340 --> 14:08.370 So Queen F seven, I know F f5. 14:08.400 --> 14:14.850 So this was actually good preparation for our focus now G5 and the Queen is holding that H five pawn 14:15.330 --> 14:16.920 from from whence queen. 14:17.490 --> 14:22.810 So okay, we have rook had one and now that is a beautiful bishop on diagonal also is great for Bishop 14:22.810 --> 14:30.090 V7 so we've got really a lovely Bishop black counterpart and it makes this accumulating the ingredients 14:30.090 --> 14:33.270 of attack as well, not just particular advantages. 14:33.270 --> 14:35.460 This can be a really good attacking piece. 14:35.460 --> 14:37.200 It's flexibility as well. 14:37.200 --> 14:40.800 Rook D5 That is an interesting move. 14:40.800 --> 14:45.600 More accurate, it seems, as Rook takes D1 and then rook E8, this is actually a more accurate way 14:45.600 --> 14:50.040 of playing things where black is pretty dominant here. 14:50.070 --> 14:58.380 So for example, this position that's pretty dominant, but Rook d5 we have rook takes D5 now, F5 becomes 14:58.380 --> 15:04.770 weak after this, but if H for G4, that Knight's kind of not doing too much Bishop F4 and the rook 15:04.770 --> 15:06.210 can take on F5 here anyway. 15:06.450 --> 15:13.260 So Rook takes D5, Queen takes D5, we have rook de one, so F5 dropping off, this isn't a good thing. 15:13.890 --> 15:21.650 So yeah, it's, it's just been destroyed once attack didn't have a proper foundation and. 15:21.690 --> 15:22.590 And. 15:23.380 --> 15:24.970 It's just been several down now. 15:25.480 --> 15:26.560 It's a horrible position. 15:26.560 --> 15:33.010 So we have Queen C7, but now just Bishop D5, that's a good place for the Bishop interfering with the 15:33.010 --> 15:37.270 rook coming down as well to the seventh rank B frame. 15:37.420 --> 15:48.280 But now Rookie ain't C4 and the bishop actually goes to F7 and we have Bishop C one. 15:48.640 --> 15:57.640 It's too slow to consider coming down to the seventh rank f7 because Rook thinks E3 carries with it 15:57.640 --> 15:59.530 a rookie one checkmate fret. 15:59.890 --> 16:01.240 That's far too slow. 16:01.690 --> 16:04.810 So we have the passive looking Bishop C one. 16:05.110 --> 16:08.770 If Rook e1 Queen two is interesting. 16:08.770 --> 16:13.840 So this position, for example here Black could just simply nab a pawn. 16:13.990 --> 16:17.950 There's no problems here with that pin won't pin down. 16:19.570 --> 16:22.990 It's interesting to note here, you know, Queen C two is one of the better moves. 16:23.110 --> 16:24.650 Rook takes E three fouls. 16:24.670 --> 16:26.800 Actually, this is not a good track. 16:27.490 --> 16:31.690 It will be losing if it does this. 16:31.690 --> 16:32.080 Sure. 16:32.110 --> 16:34.030 Queen B one check and amazing. 16:34.030 --> 16:37.630 But actually, can you see why this isn't a good move? 16:37.720 --> 16:39.670 What does won't play have at some points. 16:42.230 --> 16:42.680 Yeah. 16:42.710 --> 16:47.120 One can find this check to get a key defensive common square. 16:47.690 --> 16:52.720 And then rookie is the best f king H seven white can just take. 16:52.730 --> 16:56.730 And then there's Brook, then there's Queen D one with a winning advantage. 16:56.750 --> 17:03.080 So actually, if we went this way, rookie eight would be forced and we just end up with an equal position 17:03.110 --> 17:03.830 here. 17:04.280 --> 17:05.150 So okay. 17:05.180 --> 17:10.640 Anyway, Bishop's C one we have rookie two, rook have one and now Queen C two. 17:10.670 --> 17:12.760 This is very interesting. 17:12.770 --> 17:14.750 Rook takes eight to was also strong. 17:14.750 --> 17:20.560 So Queen C two is you can see that this bishop here is safeguarding the king as well as other things. 17:20.570 --> 17:20.980 Okay. 17:20.990 --> 17:22.910 This bishop's looking at c four right now. 17:22.910 --> 17:25.610 Queen Geoffrey Queen 62. 17:25.610 --> 17:25.910 But why? 17:25.920 --> 17:27.200 It's really just tied down. 17:27.200 --> 17:31.900 So we have Queen B eight checking H and Queen G three. 17:31.910 --> 17:33.190 Why it's not doing much. 17:33.200 --> 17:36.950 Bishop G six Now the Bishop's helping things potentially a bit more. 17:37.250 --> 17:43.370 H for G four we have 93. 17:46.190 --> 17:50.360 It's a very bad position if King H to Queen B one, for example here. 17:50.360 --> 17:53.480 A5 What is White actually doing after five? 17:54.050 --> 17:56.210 We can actually play F for here. 17:56.480 --> 18:01.100 The point would be, well, it's pretty crushing. 18:01.100 --> 18:07.880 But one of the points for example Bishop thanks for rookie one is strong this position with Bishop D4 18:08.180 --> 18:12.290 and went to the world of pain whereas the knight gain that Bishop's covering that knight squishing that 18:12.290 --> 18:17.750 knight so you see the bishop have really strong here as example. 18:17.750 --> 18:25.550 So anyway Knight defray is playing queen takes B3 losing more material, Queen C seven and just giving 18:25.550 --> 18:32.690 up the pace and the game So White resigns now Yeah just lost the piece for nothing and for example this 18:32.690 --> 18:33.890 could be a quick checkmate. 18:34.490 --> 18:40.280 So the point of this game, Steinitz, out of all of these quotations, he's the first official world 18:40.280 --> 18:42.980 chess chairman which laid down the scientific theory. 18:42.980 --> 18:45.200 So he can't be kind of emphasized enough. 18:45.200 --> 18:46.130 In my view. 18:46.160 --> 18:52.550 He paves the way for solid, accurate, attacking chess based on a good position. 18:52.550 --> 18:57.290 So it's almost as if it's not really going out of your way to attack the opponent's king. 18:57.290 --> 19:04.250 If you've built up solid advantages in the position it's getting, those attacking gradients recognize 19:04.250 --> 19:05.510 them from afar. 19:05.600 --> 19:10.100 If you recognize the attacking ingredients, you might be able to trade off, for example, material 19:10.100 --> 19:12.920 sometimes that a pawn to get a bishop without counterpart. 19:12.920 --> 19:16.400 All of those attacking ingredients mentioned in this course. 19:16.790 --> 19:22.910 You know, sometimes you are doing a trade off between material or pawn structure to invoke them to 19:22.910 --> 19:26.180 amplify the attacking ingredients by here. 19:26.180 --> 19:30.770 Yeah, it just seems, you know, once attack was just crushed, it didn't have to happen. 19:30.950 --> 19:32.420 It didn't have any effect to it. 19:32.810 --> 19:35.190 It's about effective attacking chess. 19:35.190 --> 19:41.300 There's almost we're talking a natural function of your position to attack later if you built up the 19:41.300 --> 19:42.110 advantage. 19:42.440 --> 19:43.010 Okay. 19:43.010 --> 19:48.350 So I hope you enjoyed these quotations and thoughts from great players of the past. 19:49.130 --> 19:54.980 And Todd Scott, of course, if you want very, very good quotations, WITI Tasco is one of the best 19:54.980 --> 19:59.690 guides for quotations in general, one of my favorite guys in chess, even though he wasn't a world 19:59.690 --> 20:00.380 chess champion. 20:00.470 --> 20:03.500 Nimzowitsch another great favorite because of my system. 20:03.500 --> 20:05.120 So you see quotations. 20:05.120 --> 20:11.180 Some here are not from world champions but from players I really kind of admire as well. 20:11.210 --> 20:13.010 Okay, that's very much.