WEBVTT 00:00.170 --> 00:02.990 This is the solution for the activity number ten. 00:02.990 --> 00:08.090 And in this activity we are going to take a series of pictures with the Pi camera. 00:08.120 --> 00:10.460 So I'm going to remove all of that. 00:10.460 --> 00:11.600 And let's first. 00:11.600 --> 00:13.880 So I told you we are going to create a folder. 00:13.880 --> 00:17.030 So let's import the OS module. 00:17.090 --> 00:22.280 And let's create a new folder in our home directory and that folder name. 00:22.280 --> 00:23.810 So I'm going to create a variable. 00:23.810 --> 00:29.630 Actually folder name is going to be slash home pi. 00:29.630 --> 00:33.020 And then let's name it activity ten. 00:33.020 --> 00:37.310 And why not put it actually inside the camera folder. 00:37.310 --> 00:42.500 And then activity activity ten okay. 00:42.530 --> 00:45.380 As I told you you can create whatever folder you want. 00:45.410 --> 00:46.880 And so this is what I do. 00:46.880 --> 00:49.160 If you have a different folder it's completely fine. 00:49.160 --> 00:54.560 Now you see I create a variable here because we're going to use that several times. 00:54.560 --> 01:00.260 And also that's going to be helpful for the well in a few minutes when we will need to create a file 01:00.290 --> 01:05.120 name for the photos we will be able to use this folder name as a base. 01:05.120 --> 01:07.640 So first let's create this folder. 01:07.640 --> 01:10.160 And actually we're not going to just create this folder every time. 01:10.160 --> 01:13.370 We're going to make sure that it exists or not. 01:13.370 --> 01:16.370 And if it doesn't exist then we create it okay. 01:16.370 --> 01:18.770 We don't create the folder if it already exists. 01:18.770 --> 01:31.040 So I'm going to do if and then not OS dot path dot exists with the folder name okay. 01:31.070 --> 01:33.050 And note here I'm using the not. 01:33.080 --> 01:36.230 So this is going to return true or false. 01:36.230 --> 01:41.090 And if it doesn't exist it's going to return false which is what we want. 01:41.120 --> 01:44.600 So I put not and then that becomes true. 01:44.600 --> 01:53.450 So we enter the if and we can do OS dot mkdir with the folder name. 01:53.480 --> 01:53.960 All right. 01:53.990 --> 01:55.190 We create the folder. 01:55.190 --> 01:58.070 If it doesn't exist let's actually test that. 01:58.070 --> 02:05.780 So I'm going to open my file manager in the camera folder And let's run this. 02:05.810 --> 02:06.230 Okay. 02:06.260 --> 02:10.460 And in my camera folder I have a new activity ten folder. 02:10.490 --> 02:11.030 Okay. 02:11.030 --> 02:12.590 So it worked. 02:12.620 --> 02:14.150 Now let's use the camera. 02:14.150 --> 02:16.640 So we will import the camera. 02:16.910 --> 02:23.510 I'm going to do from Pi Cam zero import camera. 02:23.510 --> 02:25.970 And also we're going to import time. 02:26.600 --> 02:26.960 Okay. 02:26.990 --> 02:29.300 And what I'm going to do that here. 02:29.300 --> 02:35.810 So camera is equal to camera I'm going to set the resolution. 02:35.810 --> 02:41.360 So camera dot still size is equal to. 02:41.390 --> 02:49.100 So here I need to give a tuple I'm going to use 1536 and 864. 02:49.100 --> 02:51.260 So that's the same one I used previously. 02:51.290 --> 02:58.580 If you have a different module than the V3 module you might also want to use a different resolution. 02:58.610 --> 02:58.790 Okay. 02:58.820 --> 02:59.990 So this one is up to you. 02:59.990 --> 03:03.830 And then because in my setup the camera was flipped. 03:03.830 --> 03:08.270 I'm going to do camera dot flip camera. 03:08.270 --> 03:10.970 So this one is a function and I need to provide. 03:10.970 --> 03:17.390 So for example h flip is equal true true. 03:17.390 --> 03:21.590 And then v flip is equal to true. 03:21.830 --> 03:22.310 All right. 03:22.310 --> 03:27.590 And to finish I'm going to do time dot sleep two seconds. 03:27.590 --> 03:35.060 And maybe just a print camera has been initialized. 03:37.490 --> 03:38.000 Great. 03:38.000 --> 03:41.690 So this is what we have done previously in this section okay. 03:41.720 --> 03:46.790 We just initialize the camera with a resolution and we flip the image. 03:46.790 --> 03:50.300 Then here we're going to take some photos not just one. 03:50.300 --> 03:53.210 We're going to take a photo every five seconds. 03:53.210 --> 03:56.060 And we want to do that as long as the program runs. 03:56.060 --> 03:58.190 So I'm going to use a while. 03:58.340 --> 03:59.390 True. 03:59.420 --> 03:59.630 Okay. 03:59.660 --> 04:01.250 I'm going to use an infinite loop here. 04:01.250 --> 04:04.190 And what do we do inside. 04:04.250 --> 04:11.240 We're going to take a photo with camera dot take photo. 04:11.240 --> 04:14.150 And here I need to provide a file name. 04:14.150 --> 04:16.070 So that's kind of the challenging part. 04:16.100 --> 04:18.980 Here is what file name will we give. 04:19.010 --> 04:21.050 We already have the beginning. 04:21.080 --> 04:22.850 Here we have the folder name. 04:23.120 --> 04:26.120 So the file name is going to start with this. 04:26.120 --> 04:31.790 And then we need to do slash image plus number and then dot jpg. 04:32.210 --> 04:37.160 So what I'm going to do is I'm going to do file name I'm going to create a variable here. 04:38.120 --> 04:39.770 File name is equal to. 04:39.800 --> 04:42.350 And I'm going to concatenate some strings. 04:42.350 --> 04:44.780 So I'm going to start with folder name. 04:45.500 --> 04:49.340 You see that's quite useful to have created a variable here because I can use it here. 04:49.340 --> 04:52.190 So I don't need to write this a second time. 04:52.190 --> 04:55.760 And then plus and then there's going to be slash. 04:55.760 --> 04:57.470 So I need to add a slash here. 04:57.590 --> 05:00.980 And let's start for example with image one. 05:01.010 --> 05:05.780 Or we could even start with image zero okay dot JPG. 05:05.930 --> 05:06.350 All right. 05:06.350 --> 05:10.580 That's going to be a valid file name for the photo. 05:10.580 --> 05:13.970 But then the problem is we need to change that file name. 05:13.970 --> 05:19.940 So the next time we don't want image zero we want image1 and image2 etc.. 05:19.940 --> 05:21.530 So how to change that. 05:21.560 --> 05:23.810 Well I could create a counter actually. 05:23.810 --> 05:26.690 So let's initialize a counter here. 05:27.230 --> 05:29.990 Counter is equal to zero. 05:30.020 --> 05:30.530 Okay. 05:30.560 --> 05:34.790 And how to actually put the value here inside the name. 05:34.790 --> 05:37.850 Well I would need to split this. 05:37.850 --> 05:41.090 So I will add a quote here. 05:41.570 --> 05:46.880 And then plus and then let's say we have the zero and then plus. 05:48.170 --> 05:48.380 Okay. 05:48.410 --> 05:50.720 So this is going to do the same thing. 05:50.720 --> 05:55.130 We have slash image and then the zero and then dot jpg. 05:55.430 --> 05:59.150 But instead of hard coding zero I'm just going to use the counter here. 05:59.150 --> 06:04.040 And because this is an integer we cannot concatenate integer with strings. 06:04.040 --> 06:06.140 So I'm going to need to cast it. 06:06.170 --> 06:12.020 So I'm going to do instead of that I'm going to do str counter. 06:12.500 --> 06:12.920 All right. 06:12.920 --> 06:20.120 And you see now we have created a file name which is slash home slash pi slash camera slash activity 06:20.150 --> 06:20.660 ten. 06:20.690 --> 06:25.250 Then slash image with a number plus an extension. 06:25.250 --> 06:27.560 I'm going to put this file name inside. 06:27.590 --> 06:32.450 So file name inside the camera take photo. 06:32.450 --> 06:35.960 And then very important we need to increment that counter. 06:35.960 --> 06:43.730 So counter plus equal one because the next time we enter the while loop we don't want to use zero. 06:43.760 --> 06:45.410 We want to use one. 06:45.530 --> 06:46.070 All right. 06:46.070 --> 06:50.900 So by doing this we create a different file name every time. 06:50.900 --> 06:55.310 What I will do as well is just use a. 06:55.340 --> 06:56.870 Well it could be anywhere here. 06:56.870 --> 07:02.870 For example print new photo has been taken. 07:02.900 --> 07:03.170 Okay. 07:03.200 --> 07:08.320 Just so that we kind of know what's happening when we run the program, we increment the counter and 07:08.320 --> 07:11.560 then very important we do a time dot sleep. 07:11.890 --> 07:16.180 And I told you it's going to be about well it's going to be five seconds because if. 07:16.210 --> 07:20.560 You don't do a time.sleep here, it's going to take photos as fast as possible. 07:20.560 --> 07:24.220 So you will end up with a lot of files. 07:24.250 --> 07:24.430 Okay. 07:24.460 --> 07:25.750 And that may be a problem. 07:25.780 --> 07:26.290 All right. 07:26.290 --> 07:29.170 And the program here should work. 07:29.200 --> 07:34.270 There's only one thing I'm going to do is because we are using a while loop here. 07:34.270 --> 07:40.360 And when we do control C well, wherever we are here, we're going to exit from the program with a keyboard 07:40.360 --> 07:41.170 interrupt. 07:41.170 --> 07:44.080 So in this case it should be fine. 07:44.110 --> 07:44.350 Okay. 07:44.380 --> 07:45.640 Nothing is going to happen. 07:45.640 --> 07:52.030 But to make the program a bit cleaner I'm going to use also a try except block. 07:52.030 --> 07:53.290 So I'm going to put the while. 07:53.290 --> 07:54.130 So it's quite simple. 07:54.130 --> 07:56.800 You put the try you put this block here. 07:56.800 --> 07:57.670 So I press tab. 07:57.670 --> 07:59.440 You see I just add a tab. 07:59.440 --> 08:07.870 So I just add an indentation for everything and then I go back I do accept keyboard. 08:09.340 --> 08:14.320 interrupt and then I can write pass if I want or I can print something. 08:14.350 --> 08:16.030 Well, it's up to you. 08:16.420 --> 08:18.760 So here we don't really have anything to do. 08:18.790 --> 08:21.580 It's just that we exit in a cleaner way. 08:21.610 --> 08:21.970 All right. 08:22.000 --> 08:23.890 Now we will be able to run that. 08:23.890 --> 08:29.380 So before you run, just also once again make sure you have a time.sleep here in the while loop. 08:29.380 --> 08:31.270 And let's run that. 08:31.270 --> 08:34.120 From what, from Tony or the terminal. 08:34.780 --> 08:37.060 And you can see we have. 08:37.390 --> 08:42.640 So after a few seconds camera has been initialized and new photo has been taken. 08:42.670 --> 08:50.110 Let's go to the camera folder in the activity ten we have image zero and then five seconds later we 08:50.110 --> 08:51.880 have image one. 08:51.880 --> 08:53.470 And then let's wait a bit more. 08:53.560 --> 08:54.940 We have image two. 08:55.330 --> 08:56.980 Let's wait five more seconds. 08:56.980 --> 09:01.690 We have image three, etc. etc.. 09:01.690 --> 09:05.740 So it's going to continue to take photos as long as the program is running. 09:05.770 --> 09:07.180 Now we have image four. 09:07.210 --> 09:14.590 I'm going to click here and run Ctrl C and you can see we have a clean exit with end. 09:14.620 --> 09:14.830 Okay. 09:14.830 --> 09:17.830 And I can run it from the terminal as well. 09:18.460 --> 09:27.430 So that was in document Python programs and that was Python three activity ten. 09:29.290 --> 09:30.910 Okay I run it. 09:30.910 --> 09:32.950 And as you can see we have an error here. 09:32.950 --> 09:38.890 So that's the kind of same thing I told you with the Gpio zero is that maybe if you run a script here 09:38.890 --> 09:44.740 first on Sony and then on the terminal, it might not work, especially for stuff that is connected 09:44.740 --> 09:45.580 with hardware. 09:45.580 --> 09:53.830 So in this case, if I close Sony and then I run again, you can see now it is working okay because 09:53.830 --> 09:58.420 somehow Sony was kind of holding resources and now it's working. 09:58.450 --> 10:01.870 I can press Ctrl C and I can start Sony again. 10:01.870 --> 10:04.180 It's not a problem okay. 10:04.210 --> 10:06.940 I can start Sony again and I can run the script again. 10:06.940 --> 10:13.960 It's just that what you can do is for example, you only write the you only write the code here and 10:13.960 --> 10:16.120 then you execute it from the terminal. 10:16.120 --> 10:20.980 But if you execute it from Tony, then you might have an issue in the terminal. 10:21.010 --> 10:21.190 Okay. 10:21.220 --> 10:24.100 But you see here the code is on Tony. 10:24.130 --> 10:30.280 I haven't executed anything here and I can run the code on the terminal. 10:32.590 --> 10:33.010 All right. 10:33.010 --> 10:34.690 And it's going to take a new photo. 10:34.690 --> 10:36.280 So here is going to replace. 10:36.310 --> 10:40.600 It's going to start to replace the image zero and then replace the image one etc.. 10:40.600 --> 10:44.680 And maybe add a new file after image five. 10:45.160 --> 10:45.490 All right. 10:45.520 --> 10:47.410 And I'm going to press Ctrl C here. 10:47.410 --> 10:49.960 And that's it for this activity. 10:50.080 --> 10:57.490 Just for completeness I'm going to show you that in the camera module in the Pi zero, there is actually 10:57.490 --> 11:02.830 a functionality that you could use to create a sequence of photos directly. 11:02.830 --> 11:09.130 So here I gave you this challenge to make you actually practice with Python with strings with loops 11:09.160 --> 11:09.340 okay. 11:09.370 --> 11:13.060 So that's a very good exercise, but I'm just going to write it here. 11:13.150 --> 11:14.170 I'm not going to run it. 11:14.170 --> 11:24.640 But for example you could do camera and then dot capture sequence like that and provide the path. 11:24.640 --> 11:25.930 So that's going to be. 11:25.960 --> 11:39.130 So here I'm going to write the full path for example home by camera activity ten slash image dot jpg. 11:39.130 --> 11:41.290 So you don't provide any number here. 11:41.290 --> 11:44.860 And then you will have num images. 11:44.860 --> 11:54.460 So number of images you want for example ten and then interval for example five sequence okay. 11:54.460 --> 12:00.340 If you run that it's going to take ten images separated by five second interval. 12:00.340 --> 12:06.670 And it's going to take this file name and add I think it's going to add A-1 and then two, dash three 12:06.700 --> 12:09.940 etc. it's going to do that automatically for you okay. 12:09.970 --> 12:16.600 So if you know already how many images you want to take, that can be a good thing to do. 12:16.600 --> 12:21.070 But then there are two problems with this function is that, first of all, you need to know how many 12:21.100 --> 12:22.240 images you want. 12:22.270 --> 12:25.240 Here we can just take as many as we want. 12:25.270 --> 12:27.700 It could be one, it could be five, it could be ten. 12:27.730 --> 12:29.470 As long as we run the program. 12:29.590 --> 12:30.040 Okay. 12:30.040 --> 12:34.210 So here you need to know how many images you want in advance. 12:34.210 --> 12:37.420 And then if you run that well it's going to block the program. 12:37.420 --> 12:39.670 And that's the only thing you can do okay. 12:39.670 --> 12:44.440 With a loop like this you can take a photo, but after you take a photo you can do something else. 12:44.440 --> 12:49.000 For example, you could do something with the push button with the LEDs, with the Pearson. 12:49.000 --> 12:50.680 So you could send an email okay. 12:50.710 --> 12:53.740 You could continue to do stuff on the side. 12:53.740 --> 12:56.950 It's not only just taking a sequence of photos, okay. 12:56.980 --> 12:58.960 You can do something else on the side. 12:58.990 --> 12:59.350 All right. 12:59.350 --> 13:00.940 So you have just seen this. 13:00.940 --> 13:03.400 I'm going to comment it and leave it in the solution. 13:03.400 --> 13:06.550 Just so you know that there is also a function like that. 13:06.580 --> 13:07.000 Great. 13:07.000 --> 13:08.590 And that's the end of this activity. 13:08.620 --> 13:13.090 And that's also the end of this section on the Raspberry Pi camera.