WEBVTT 00:00.080 --> 00:05.090 Let's see how to create, remove and manipulate files directly from the terminal. 00:05.090 --> 00:09.680 So in this lesson you will learn a few more commands that are quite important. 00:09.680 --> 00:15.080 And don't worry if you start to think, well, that's a lot of comments because you can download a recap 00:15.080 --> 00:17.450 PDF at the end of this section. 00:17.450 --> 00:23.000 So at the end of section nine, download the PDF and you have all the commands that we run in this section. 00:23.000 --> 00:25.670 And actually before we do anything here you can see that. 00:25.700 --> 00:28.580 Well I have quite a lot of stuff here printed on the terminal. 00:28.580 --> 00:35.210 So if I want to start, if I want to kind of clean the terminal, if I want to clear what's on the terminal, 00:35.210 --> 00:38.090 I can use the command clear like that. 00:38.120 --> 00:38.480 Okay. 00:38.510 --> 00:43.640 If I run clear and I press enter, you see that my terminal is now empty. 00:43.670 --> 00:48.050 So it's quite useful when you want to start from a clean state right now. 00:48.050 --> 00:50.000 How to create a file? 00:50.000 --> 00:51.740 I'm going to use a file manager on the side. 00:51.740 --> 00:56.990 And what you have seen on the file manager is you right click new file and then you create a file with 00:56.990 --> 01:00.140 a name etc. but you can do that from the terminal. 01:00.140 --> 01:02.270 We have already seen that with nano. 01:02.300 --> 01:08.090 If you use nano with a new file name is going to create the new file, but you can directly create a 01:08.090 --> 01:09.740 file with the command touch. 01:09.740 --> 01:12.530 And then let's say the name is ABC. 01:12.530 --> 01:14.060 So touch and then space. 01:14.060 --> 01:18.170 And then the file name you press enter and we have a new file. 01:18.170 --> 01:21.380 If I do ls you see I have my new file ABC. 01:21.740 --> 01:26.870 And this file is also on the file manager here okay. 01:26.900 --> 01:27.980 Because this is the same. 01:27.980 --> 01:28.730 Great. 01:28.730 --> 01:32.630 And after you create a file you can also decide to remove the file. 01:32.630 --> 01:36.440 So the command to remove the file is r m for remove. 01:36.440 --> 01:39.470 And then just so space and the name of the file. 01:39.470 --> 01:41.360 And you can use the autocompletion as well. 01:41.360 --> 01:43.850 So I want to remove this file ABC. 01:43.880 --> 01:49.880 If I do ls the file is not here anymore and also has disappeared from the file manager. 01:50.450 --> 01:50.720 All right. 01:50.720 --> 01:53.810 So that's how to create and to remove a file. 01:53.810 --> 01:55.760 You do touch and RM. 01:55.790 --> 01:58.940 Now if you want to create and remove a folder. 01:58.940 --> 02:01.340 So to create a folder you don't use touch. 02:01.340 --> 02:08.030 To create a folder you use mkdir which is basically make directory. 02:08.030 --> 02:14.680 So you make a new directory, you put space and then you put the name for example new folder. 02:14.680 --> 02:16.270 And note here it's quite important. 02:16.270 --> 02:22.240 So for anything actually for any name, for any file name or any folder name, you will not put any 02:22.240 --> 02:23.350 space in it. 02:23.350 --> 02:26.950 If you want to put a space you can for example, use a underscore. 02:26.980 --> 02:30.700 Let's see actually what's going to happen if I try to create. 02:30.730 --> 02:35.140 So if I do mkdir and then new and then space folder. 02:35.590 --> 02:36.940 So let's run that. 02:36.940 --> 02:38.050 It's going to work. 02:38.050 --> 02:40.120 But then let's see what we have. 02:40.120 --> 02:42.700 What we have a new folder here. 02:42.700 --> 02:45.610 And we have a folder folder here. 02:45.610 --> 02:50.860 So by putting a space actually space means that you're going to create two folder names. 02:51.070 --> 02:51.310 All right. 02:51.340 --> 02:55.660 So for touch actually for any command touch rm mkdir. 02:55.690 --> 03:02.020 If you want to apply this command to several files or folders, you just put the list of all the names 03:02.020 --> 03:03.460 here separated by a space. 03:03.460 --> 03:07.780 So here we instructed the command to create two new folders. 03:07.780 --> 03:13.150 If I want to create my folder with so mkdir new underscore folder. 03:13.540 --> 03:18.100 You can see now I have my new folder here that's correctly created. 03:18.100 --> 03:21.370 And also we can see the same as always here. 03:21.370 --> 03:25.180 You see we have the new the new folder and the folder. 03:25.180 --> 03:29.620 Now if I want to remove a folder I will also use the r m command. 03:29.620 --> 03:33.100 But let's see if I want to remove for example the new. 03:33.130 --> 03:35.440 Then we get an error okay. 03:35.470 --> 03:38.320 You cannot just use rm with a directory. 03:38.320 --> 03:42.070 You need to use r m dash r for recursive. 03:42.070 --> 03:45.580 So it's going to remove the folder and also everything that's inside. 03:45.580 --> 03:48.730 So you put R and then dash r that's an option. 03:48.730 --> 03:50.050 And then the name. 03:50.050 --> 03:51.220 So you can put this name. 03:51.220 --> 03:54.400 And also you can put a space and any other name. 03:54.400 --> 03:57.880 So for example I can even remove folder and then space new. 03:57.880 --> 04:03.610 To remove those two folders here I press enter and that's going to work. 04:03.640 --> 04:05.800 You see those two folders are gone. 04:05.800 --> 04:07.210 And let's also remove. 04:07.210 --> 04:11.230 So r m r new folder. 04:11.230 --> 04:13.990 And you can see I can use the autocompletion as well. 04:14.140 --> 04:18.200 So here actually I use the autocompletion I have the f, I press tab again. 04:18.200 --> 04:20.000 So twice more actually. 04:20.000 --> 04:22.430 And I have new file and new folder okay. 04:22.460 --> 04:27.200 So from that point I need to provide more information because the terminal cannot choose for me. 04:27.200 --> 04:30.620 So I will put the O and then tab again. 04:30.740 --> 04:32.780 So I want to remove the new folder. 04:32.810 --> 04:33.230 Great. 04:33.230 --> 04:38.960 So you have seen how to create a file with touch, how to remove it with RM, and then how to create 04:38.960 --> 04:44.510 a folder with mkdir and how to remove with rpm and then dash r. 04:44.540 --> 04:51.410 Now let's clear that and let's see how to move a file, because maybe you want to move a file. 04:51.410 --> 04:53.870 Let's say that I have my new file here. 04:53.870 --> 04:59.570 So this new file contains the text we have written in the previous lesson. 04:59.570 --> 05:02.240 We want to move that inside the document. 05:02.240 --> 05:04.610 So here you would just drag it and drop. 05:04.640 --> 05:10.640 But we can do that from the terminal with the command m v so mv for move. 05:10.640 --> 05:12.020 So I will do mv. 05:12.020 --> 05:15.290 And then the first argument is going to be the file that I want to move. 05:15.290 --> 05:18.380 So here the file is a new file. 05:18.380 --> 05:23.820 So note that here I just write new file because I'm in my home directory, so I have direct access to 05:23.850 --> 05:24.030 this. 05:24.030 --> 05:26.400 So this is the relative path. 05:26.430 --> 05:32.340 Now if I want to put that inside the documents I can do doc. 05:32.340 --> 05:35.700 So I press tab here and I move that inside documents. 05:36.000 --> 05:44.460 And I can also provide the absolute path slash home slash pi slash documents or even tilde slash documents. 05:44.460 --> 05:45.420 That's going to be the same. 05:45.420 --> 05:51.090 So MV and then I put the file name and then the basically the folder where I want to move the file. 05:51.090 --> 05:53.850 And you see now the new file is gone. 05:53.850 --> 05:58.200 If I do CD documents ls the file is here. 05:58.230 --> 06:06.720 And so I can do mv new file and I can do dot dot to move it back to the previous folder. 06:06.750 --> 06:07.080 Okay. 06:07.110 --> 06:10.800 And then I do CD dot dot to go back to the previous folder. 06:10.800 --> 06:13.980 And the new file is back again here. 06:14.010 --> 06:14.670 All right. 06:14.670 --> 06:18.870 You can use also move to just actually rename a file. 06:18.900 --> 06:21.150 So you can rename and move the file at the same time. 06:21.150 --> 06:27.270 For example I can do move new file And then test file. 06:27.270 --> 06:30.930 For example, if I do this, I do ls. 06:30.960 --> 06:32.250 You will see that my. 06:32.280 --> 06:35.550 So the new file is gone and instead we have test file. 06:35.550 --> 06:37.080 It just has been renamed. 06:37.080 --> 06:38.250 And you can combine the two. 06:38.280 --> 06:38.850 You can do. 06:38.850 --> 06:40.980 So now I have a test file. 06:40.980 --> 06:47.820 If I provide the path to documents and then ABC I'm just going to rename test file as ABC. 06:47.820 --> 06:53.610 Inside the documents folder I go to documents with CD documents. 06:53.610 --> 06:59.460 And you see now we have ABC and then I can move it back let's say so ABC, I move it back. 06:59.460 --> 07:03.360 So dot dot slash new file okay. 07:03.390 --> 07:06.780 So that's the directory dot dot slash. 07:06.810 --> 07:14.880 And then the name for the file I go back ls the new file is back here again. 07:14.910 --> 07:15.360 All right. 07:15.360 --> 07:17.730 So the move command is quite useful. 07:17.730 --> 07:18.960 You can move a file. 07:18.960 --> 07:22.020 You can rename a file and you can do both at the same time. 07:22.020 --> 07:23.970 Now what if you don't want to move a file. 07:23.970 --> 07:27.120 But what if you want to make a copy of a file. 07:27.150 --> 07:28.530 So let's clear here. 07:28.560 --> 07:29.760 Let's do LZ. 07:29.790 --> 07:32.490 We want to make a copy of that file. 07:32.520 --> 07:35.490 First, let's see what's inside this file with Cat. 07:35.490 --> 07:38.910 So we have already seen this comment but I just put it again here. 07:38.910 --> 07:41.820 So cat new file with Autocompletion. 07:41.820 --> 07:44.670 You see this is the text we have in this file. 07:44.700 --> 07:50.640 Now if I want to make a copy of that file I can use the command c p for copy. 07:50.640 --> 07:54.420 And then well I will first need to put what file I want to copy. 07:54.420 --> 07:56.100 So that's going to be new file. 07:56.100 --> 07:57.930 And I can also use the autocompletion. 07:57.930 --> 08:02.850 And then I will need to put while the file name that I want to copy this file into. 08:02.880 --> 08:04.290 So that's going to be a new name. 08:04.500 --> 08:07.440 For example I will put new file two. 08:07.470 --> 08:09.150 So it must be a different name. 08:09.150 --> 08:10.470 I press enter. 08:10.470 --> 08:13.860 And now if I do ls you see that I have my new file. 08:13.860 --> 08:14.520 It's still the same. 08:14.520 --> 08:18.480 So the CP command is not going to modify anything in this file. 08:18.480 --> 08:21.930 But it's going to create another one with the name that you choose. 08:21.930 --> 08:24.960 And that contains the same thing as the first one. 08:24.960 --> 08:28.230 We can verify that with cat new. 08:28.230 --> 08:30.750 So I press tab new file. 08:30.750 --> 08:37.010 And then I need to put But two I press enter and you see that while the this file contains the same 08:37.010 --> 08:38.480 content as that one. 08:38.510 --> 08:38.930 All right. 08:38.930 --> 08:44.510 So that's pretty much it for creating, removing and manipulating files from the terminal. 08:44.510 --> 08:45.650 And with all those commands. 08:45.650 --> 08:49.880 Well don't worry once again because you don't need to learn anything by heart. 08:49.910 --> 08:51.500 You just need to practice. 08:51.500 --> 08:55.670 The most important is actually to understand how the commands are working. 08:55.670 --> 09:00.020 Then you need some practice, and after some practice you will just remember the comments because, 09:00.050 --> 09:05.870 well, you will have written the command many times and in the meantime you can just download the PDF 09:05.900 --> 09:07.010 at the end of this section. 09:07.010 --> 09:11.600 And with this PDF you have all the commands in just two pages, so you can easily find what commands 09:11.600 --> 09:13.400 you need to use for what situation. 09:13.400 --> 09:17.780 And basically, with all the commands you've seen so far in this course, well, you will be able to 09:17.780 --> 09:22.790 do between maybe 60 to 80% of what you need to do in the terminal. 09:22.820 --> 09:23.060 Okay. 09:23.090 --> 09:29.900 So even if there are hundreds and thousands of possible commands to use, in the end you will just use 09:29.900 --> 09:31.670 a few many times. 09:31.670 --> 09:33.680 And those few are very important to master. 09:33.680 --> 09:37.100 And those are actually the ones that we saw in this course.