WEBVTT 00:00.140 --> 00:05.540 And I know it's quite a lot of videos before we actually do the circuit, but there were a few things 00:05.540 --> 00:08.240 that you needed to know before you can do anything. 00:08.270 --> 00:13.430 Don't worry, because after this section, when we continue to work on the circuit, we won't need to 00:13.430 --> 00:17.270 do any setup and we will be able to dive directly right in. 00:17.300 --> 00:23.930 So when I do a circuit or if I improve the current one, I will first use this software tool here to 00:23.960 --> 00:24.890 design the circuit. 00:24.890 --> 00:30.200 And then I will also show you in the same video the real circuit on my real breadboard and Raspberry 00:30.200 --> 00:32.390 Pi for each circuit. 00:32.420 --> 00:38.540 Also on the corresponding lesson, you can download the image of the circuit that I'm doing here, so 00:38.540 --> 00:43.100 I recommend you to watch the entire video before you start the circuit by yourself. 00:43.100 --> 00:45.080 And just a quick parenthesis before we start. 00:45.080 --> 00:48.170 So I'm using this software because it will be easier to explain. 00:48.200 --> 00:48.410 Okay. 00:48.440 --> 00:50.780 The name is called Fritzing. 00:50.810 --> 00:53.270 You can find it online if you want. 00:53.300 --> 00:55.100 You absolutely don't need this. 00:55.130 --> 00:58.760 Okay, here's the website of fritzing.org. 00:59.000 --> 01:00.980 As you can see now it is paid. 01:00.980 --> 01:04.600 So if you want this tool you have to pay here about 10 USD. 01:04.870 --> 01:09.790 I'm using a previous version that was free at the time, but anyway, it was just to show you the tool 01:09.790 --> 01:10.450 I'm using. 01:10.450 --> 01:12.490 You absolutely don't need this tool. 01:12.520 --> 01:15.850 Okay, I'm just using it because I think it's a better teaching experience. 01:15.850 --> 01:18.580 And anyway, you can download the image. 01:18.610 --> 01:18.850 Okay. 01:18.880 --> 01:21.880 With this lesson you can download the image with the secret. 01:21.880 --> 01:23.650 So don't worry about that. 01:23.650 --> 01:25.240 So let's start the secret. 01:25.270 --> 01:29.290 Here I have my breadboard okay I have my Raspberry Pi. 01:29.320 --> 01:31.630 I have an LED okay. 01:31.660 --> 01:34.270 And I have my one kilo ohm resistor. 01:34.270 --> 01:39.850 As you can see here, I have brown, black and red because it's a four band resistor. 01:39.850 --> 01:42.940 And then the tolerance here doesn't really matter. 01:42.940 --> 01:48.280 And so the first thing we are going to do is to actually connect the ground. 01:48.280 --> 01:54.070 So for the ground in the breadboard we will use that line here that blue line. 01:54.070 --> 01:57.730 And then what pin will we use on the Raspberry Pi. 01:57.760 --> 01:59.590 Well you will have. 01:59.590 --> 02:02.590 So you see we have two different lines of Gpio okay. 02:02.620 --> 02:05.170 So we have 20 here and 20 there. 02:05.170 --> 02:09.480 We're going to go to the line that's closest, that's on the inside of the Raspberry Pi. 02:09.480 --> 02:11.160 And we're going to count to five. 02:11.160 --> 02:14.940 So one, two, three, four and five. 02:14.970 --> 02:18.450 This here this is a ground pin. 02:18.480 --> 02:18.990 Okay. 02:18.990 --> 02:26.910 So I'm just going to take my wire and connect it to that line on the first. 02:26.940 --> 02:28.770 On the second it doesn't really matter. 02:29.070 --> 02:32.040 And I can just do that. 02:34.440 --> 02:38.310 Okay I make it look nicer when I take the screenshot. 02:38.310 --> 02:41.820 And I'm just going to use a black wire. 02:42.300 --> 02:42.870 Okay. 02:42.900 --> 02:44.220 We use black usually. 02:44.250 --> 02:44.490 Okay. 02:44.520 --> 02:47.130 That's the convention for ground. 02:47.160 --> 02:48.000 We use black. 02:48.000 --> 02:51.540 So you know that when you see a black wire this is for the ground. 02:51.540 --> 02:53.550 So we don't make any confusion. 02:53.580 --> 02:53.760 Okay. 02:53.760 --> 02:55.980 And you could connect this to any pin. 02:56.010 --> 02:56.280 Okay. 02:56.310 --> 02:59.910 As you can see any pin on that line they are all connected together. 02:59.910 --> 03:00.840 So it doesn't matter. 03:00.870 --> 03:01.140 Okay. 03:01.170 --> 03:05.730 So now the ground of the breadboard here and the ground of the Raspberry Pi are connected together. 03:05.760 --> 03:06.360 Good. 03:06.390 --> 03:08.100 Now we're going to take our LED. 03:08.400 --> 03:14.760 And you can see that the LED has two legs, but one of them is shorter than the other one. 03:14.760 --> 03:20.490 So the short side is going to be the negative side and the long side. 03:20.490 --> 03:24.390 So the long leg is going to be the positive side. 03:24.390 --> 03:29.730 So here I'm going to put my uh LED here on the circuit. 03:29.730 --> 03:31.440 I'm going to go a bit more on the left. 03:31.440 --> 03:33.810 So we have more space for the following. 03:33.810 --> 03:37.860 And I'm going to connect the shorter leg to the ground. 03:37.860 --> 03:38.940 So how to do this. 03:38.940 --> 03:43.140 As you can see here, all those dots here are connected vertically. 03:43.800 --> 03:45.270 So I will take one of the dots. 03:45.300 --> 03:51.990 So for example that one or that one or that one and just connect it to the ground with a black wire 03:52.020 --> 03:52.230 here. 03:52.230 --> 03:57.180 So ground is connected here and is connected there on the other side of the LED. 03:57.180 --> 04:01.500 So on the longer leg I will take my resistor. 04:01.500 --> 04:06.540 And I told you previously about the correct way to read the resistor from which side to start. 04:06.540 --> 04:11.920 But when you connect this resistor to a circuit there is no positive or negative side. 04:11.950 --> 04:12.100 Okay. 04:12.130 --> 04:22.090 You can just take your resistor and connect one leg to the positive side here of the LED and another 04:22.090 --> 04:25.870 leg that you connect to any other dot. 04:25.900 --> 04:28.990 Here you can see that on a different column. 04:28.990 --> 04:38.620 And then to close this circuit well we are going to connect that side here of the resistor to this pin 04:38.620 --> 04:39.100 right here. 04:39.100 --> 04:43.150 So the one next to the ground that is called Gpio 17. 04:43.150 --> 04:47.710 So you can see here on the image we want the Gpio 17. 04:47.740 --> 04:50.770 And so there are two ways to represent pins. 04:50.770 --> 04:55.210 You can see we have the gray numbers with 12345 etc.. 04:55.210 --> 04:57.700 So the GND here would be the pin number nine. 04:57.700 --> 05:00.370 And this one would be the pin number 11. 05:00.370 --> 05:02.920 But we're going to use the alternate names. 05:02.920 --> 05:05.110 So here it's going to be GND. 05:05.110 --> 05:08.110 And this one is going to be Gpio 17 okay. 05:08.110 --> 05:11.290 That's going to be important for when we write the code. 05:11.440 --> 05:11.920 And just. 05:11.950 --> 05:17.850 Okay I see here it's Raspberry Pi four model B, I'm using a Raspberry Pi five, but the Gpio panel 05:17.850 --> 05:20.760 is the same between those two Raspberry Pi boards. 05:20.760 --> 05:22.950 So for the circuit it doesn't matter here okay. 05:22.980 --> 05:24.420 So don't be confused with this name. 05:24.420 --> 05:33.750 So what I will do is I will take this Gpio and connect to that here that leg of the resistor and use 05:33.780 --> 05:35.130 a I'm going to use a. 05:35.160 --> 05:37.800 So here I'm going to use a yellow cable. 05:37.830 --> 05:40.170 So make sure you don't use black for this. 05:40.170 --> 05:44.070 And also don't use red but you can use any color you want okay. 05:44.100 --> 05:45.810 So in the end the circuit is complete. 05:45.810 --> 05:47.640 You can see we start from the ground. 05:47.670 --> 05:48.870 We go here. 05:48.900 --> 05:53.490 Ground is connected to the shorter leg of the LED then goes through the LED. 05:53.790 --> 05:56.940 The longer leg is connected to one side of the resistor. 05:56.970 --> 06:02.850 The other side of the resistor is connected to this Gpio number 17 and the circuit is complete. 06:02.850 --> 06:06.210 So double check especially the connection you make here okay. 06:06.240 --> 06:08.760 Double check that everything is correctly placed. 06:09.330 --> 06:11.400 And here is the real circuit. 06:11.400 --> 06:12.450 So what do I have here? 06:12.450 --> 06:18.440 I have my Raspberry Pi first with the with the case, you might not have a case. 06:18.470 --> 06:20.510 So first make sure that you unplug. 06:20.540 --> 06:20.930 Okay. 06:20.960 --> 06:22.070 The Raspberry Pi. 06:22.070 --> 06:23.930 So it's powered off completely. 06:23.960 --> 06:28.250 If you don't have a case I would recommend to remove the SD card. 06:28.280 --> 06:28.910 Okay. 06:28.910 --> 06:34.520 And then plug it back at the end here because the case is protecting it I can leave it there. 06:34.550 --> 06:34.820 Okay. 06:34.850 --> 06:38.990 And I have some space here to plug the wires for the Gpio panel. 06:38.990 --> 06:41.720 So I'm going to use the case as is. 06:42.110 --> 06:42.380 Okay. 06:42.410 --> 06:43.550 That's not going to be a problem. 06:43.550 --> 06:47.300 I have my breadboard and then I have a black wire. 06:47.690 --> 06:50.570 I also have a yellow wire. 06:50.570 --> 06:58.880 So those two are male to female wires I have my LED which you can see has a shorter leg and a longer 06:58.880 --> 06:59.480 leg. 06:59.510 --> 06:59.720 Okay. 06:59.750 --> 07:02.810 So the shorter leg here is on the left. 07:03.380 --> 07:04.550 And then I have my resistor. 07:04.550 --> 07:07.910 So the resistor I just showed you before what. 07:08.180 --> 07:09.980 Either side okay. 07:10.010 --> 07:10.640 It doesn't matter. 07:10.640 --> 07:13.130 You can plug any side where you want. 07:13.160 --> 07:15.380 It doesn't have any direction. 07:16.160 --> 07:19.630 So I will start with the ground and plug the ground. 07:19.630 --> 07:24.850 So I will count here one, 2345 on the inside. 07:25.720 --> 07:26.020 Okay. 07:26.050 --> 07:27.910 So 12345. 07:27.940 --> 07:32.560 Again I make sure that it is plugged to the right place. 07:32.560 --> 07:38.140 And then I will start for example here plug on that minus line. 07:38.590 --> 07:40.540 So now the ground is connected. 07:40.570 --> 07:41.320 Great. 07:41.350 --> 07:43.210 I will take my LED. 07:43.690 --> 07:50.830 And what I did what I did in the, in the software is that I just plug the LED like this for example 07:50.860 --> 07:53.920 between two between two columns. 07:53.920 --> 08:01.480 And then I have another black wire between the shorter leg and the minus line. 08:01.480 --> 08:08.500 But what I can do here is going to be simpler is I'm just going to put directly the shorter side. 08:08.560 --> 08:14.380 So the shorter leg directly on the ground just like that. 08:14.620 --> 08:17.380 And then plug this one like this. 08:18.520 --> 08:18.760 Okay. 08:18.790 --> 08:28.380 So you can see the shorter leg is directly on the ground, and the longer leg is in another column here 08:28.380 --> 08:29.490 in the breadboard. 08:29.520 --> 08:30.540 So that's the same thing. 08:30.540 --> 08:34.440 We just save one wire that we don't really need for that. 08:35.670 --> 08:41.850 Then I will take my resistor and plug it between that leg of the LEDs. 08:41.850 --> 08:45.630 So make sure it's on the same column and on another column. 08:45.630 --> 08:47.370 So I'm just going to do like this. 08:48.480 --> 08:48.630 Okay. 08:48.630 --> 08:52.620 You can see here how the resistor. 08:53.100 --> 08:56.130 And finally I'm going to take this wire. 08:56.130 --> 08:57.750 So it could be any color. 08:57.780 --> 09:02.490 Just avoid black and red because black is going to be used for ground and red for power. 09:02.490 --> 09:05.190 So we try to keep this consistent. 09:05.190 --> 09:08.280 But then for other connections it doesn't really matter. 09:08.280 --> 09:09.660 And I'm going to connect. 09:09.660 --> 09:11.850 So one side of the resistor here. 09:11.850 --> 09:18.690 So the same column to the Gpio number 17 which should be just right to the ground. 09:18.690 --> 09:20.400 So that's going to be that one here. 09:22.910 --> 09:33.230 Okay, so I check again 12345 on the inside for the ground and then six for the, uh, wire here. 09:33.500 --> 09:35.180 And the circuit is finished. 09:35.180 --> 09:42.260 You see, I have put everything at the top here on one short part of my breadboard, so I have enough 09:42.260 --> 09:46.730 space for all the other LEDs and push buttons and other stuff we're going to add later. 09:46.760 --> 09:47.180 Okay. 09:47.210 --> 09:49.970 And to recap, so we have the ground going here. 09:49.970 --> 09:53.240 And then the shorter leg of the LED is connected to the ground. 09:53.270 --> 10:00.590 The longer leg is connected to another column that is also connected with one side of the resistor. 10:00.740 --> 10:07.010 And then the other side of the resistor is connected to Gpio number 17 and the circuit is done. 10:07.010 --> 10:13.490 So now you can put the SD card back if you removed it and put the case back, everything back. 10:13.490 --> 10:18.890 And we can now plug the Raspberry Pi again. 10:18.920 --> 10:20.030 It's going to boot. 10:20.030 --> 10:24.500 And now we can program our Gpio and program our LED.