WEBVTT 00:00.080 --> 00:03.230 First of all, let's see how to use a breadboard. 00:03.260 --> 00:09.170 A breadboard is very useful for prototyping, and to start your own first project, you will use it 00:09.170 --> 00:11.210 to connect multiple components together. 00:11.210 --> 00:18.260 And with your Raspberry Pi Gpio you can plug some wires, resistors, LEDs, well, anything you want 00:18.290 --> 00:19.280 on a breadboard. 00:19.280 --> 00:25.550 What you need to know is that underneath the surface there are some metal lines that make connections 00:25.550 --> 00:26.720 between components. 00:26.720 --> 00:32.750 So a component that you plug on a line is going to be electrically connected to all the other components 00:32.750 --> 00:33.980 on this line. 00:33.980 --> 00:37.550 And here I'm going to start with this representation of a breadboard. 00:37.550 --> 00:41.450 So the connections are going to look like this usually on top. 00:41.450 --> 00:46.700 So if you orientate the breadboard like this you have two lines okay. 00:46.940 --> 00:48.440 It's minus and plus. 00:48.440 --> 00:54.170 So usually minus we're going to use that for the ground also named g and D. 00:54.260 --> 00:58.400 And the plus we're going to use that for power or also VCC. 00:58.490 --> 01:05.130 And what you can see is that all the dots here are actually connected between each other. 01:05.160 --> 01:05.640 Okay. 01:05.670 --> 01:09.270 So this dot is connecting with that one and it's connected with that one. 01:09.270 --> 01:12.600 So all the dots together and the same thing for the plus lines. 01:12.630 --> 01:12.930 Okay. 01:12.960 --> 01:14.700 So those are two different lines. 01:14.700 --> 01:16.590 They are not connected between each other. 01:16.620 --> 01:16.770 Okay. 01:16.800 --> 01:18.090 The minus and the plus. 01:18.090 --> 01:22.320 But within one line all the dots are connected together. 01:22.320 --> 01:24.420 So you have this at the top. 01:24.420 --> 01:29.130 You might also have this at the bottom if you see another plus and minus line like this. 01:29.130 --> 01:32.100 So those we will use them for ground and power. 01:32.100 --> 01:35.760 And then you have a lot of other dots in the middle here. 01:35.760 --> 01:43.320 And as you can see those are not connected here horizontally but they are connected vertically okay. 01:43.350 --> 01:48.540 So you can see here for example we have those five dots are connected together. 01:48.540 --> 01:54.840 So if you put a component here so one side of a component here and one side of a component in that one 01:54.840 --> 01:57.030 here, they are connected together. 01:57.040 --> 02:01.810 but if you put them on a different column here, they will not be connected together. 02:01.840 --> 02:02.020 Okay. 02:02.050 --> 02:04.390 So that's basically how a breadboard works. 02:04.420 --> 02:07.390 You have two big lines here at the top. 02:07.420 --> 02:08.710 At the bottom as well. 02:08.710 --> 02:10.780 And then you have columns here. 02:10.810 --> 02:13.690 Those dots are connected in columns. 02:13.720 --> 02:18.460 And before I go to the real breadboard here you can see I have two images. 02:18.490 --> 02:22.030 Okay so here is what a breadboard might look like. 02:22.030 --> 02:23.620 So you might have something like this. 02:23.650 --> 02:25.660 Maybe you have a small version. 02:25.690 --> 02:25.900 Okay. 02:25.930 --> 02:28.330 That's basically only half of this. 02:28.360 --> 02:29.680 Maybe you have a long one. 02:29.680 --> 02:33.280 So you can see here we have numbers of columns between zero. 02:33.310 --> 02:35.170 Here and 60 something. 02:35.170 --> 02:37.210 So the size of the breadboard here doesn't matter. 02:37.210 --> 02:40.180 You might have only half one or a large one. 02:40.180 --> 02:42.850 It doesn't matter what I wanted to show you here. 02:42.850 --> 02:43.750 Is that so? 02:43.780 --> 02:46.660 At the bottom here is the one that I'm going to be using. 02:46.660 --> 02:51.250 And you can see we have the plus line here that's continuous and the minus line here. 02:51.250 --> 02:55.290 But I know that some of you might have a breadboard like that. 02:55.290 --> 03:01.920 And you can see there is a big difference, is that the plus and the minus line here are actually cut 03:01.950 --> 03:03.330 in the middle. 03:03.330 --> 03:06.630 So all those dots here are connected for example on the plus line. 03:06.630 --> 03:11.370 But those dots are not connected with that other side of the breadboard. 03:11.370 --> 03:17.640 So in this case what you might need to do is to connect just a wire between, for example, that dot 03:17.670 --> 03:22.800 here and that dot here, so that you make the whole line connected. 03:22.800 --> 03:29.250 You can connect one small wire, for example, a red wire between the two plus sides and a small black 03:29.250 --> 03:32.100 wire between the two minus sides. 03:32.100 --> 03:33.990 So you can do this now you can do it later. 03:33.990 --> 03:35.130 I'm going to come back to this. 03:35.130 --> 03:39.900 And I'm going to point that when we actually need to do it in the circuit okay. 03:39.930 --> 03:41.520 So don't worry too much about this. 03:41.520 --> 03:47.640 But just note that if you have a disconnection here, you will just need to an extra step with some 03:47.640 --> 03:48.660 parts of the circuit. 03:48.660 --> 03:52.080 If you have something like this, well, you don't need to worry at all. 03:52.770 --> 03:55.150 And so here is my breadboard. 03:55.180 --> 03:57.370 So here's the breadboard I will be using for this course. 03:57.400 --> 03:59.710 So it's exactly the same as on the image. 03:59.710 --> 04:03.460 And you can see here we have the plus line. 04:03.490 --> 04:05.260 So I have a plus line at the top. 04:05.290 --> 04:06.640 And then a minus line okay. 04:06.670 --> 04:11.050 So all the dots here are horizontally connected on the plus line. 04:11.050 --> 04:15.550 And all the dots are also horizontally connected on the minus line. 04:15.940 --> 04:20.410 And then we have 60 plus something colon here okay. 04:20.440 --> 04:21.610 And all the dots. 04:21.610 --> 04:27.010 So for example on the colon number 60 you can see I have 12345 dots. 04:27.040 --> 04:33.580 Those five dots are connected together but are completely independent from all the other colon that 04:33.580 --> 04:34.210 I have here. 04:34.240 --> 04:34.630 Okay. 04:34.660 --> 04:37.750 And I have this here at the top and also at the bottom. 04:37.750 --> 04:39.550 So you can see it's kind of a here. 04:39.550 --> 04:43.240 This line in the middle is a symmetry line for the breadboard. 04:43.360 --> 04:46.810 And that's basically all there is to it for the breadboard. 04:46.840 --> 04:50.530 The most important thing is to know which dot is connected to which. 04:50.560 --> 04:52.180 After that you can do everything you want.