WEBVTT 00:00.140 --> 00:00.830 Hi everyone. 00:00.830 --> 00:01.520 Welcome back. 00:01.520 --> 00:06.410 In this lecture we will code and learn about the next exciting feature that is part of the modern Java 00:06.410 --> 00:08.150 which is text blocks. 00:08.180 --> 00:12.260 I'll start with some theory concepts first and then we will jump into the coding part. 00:12.290 --> 00:15.620 This feature got released in Java 15. 00:15.650 --> 00:21.980 Let me start with a quick background about why this feature was added to the Java language in the first 00:21.980 --> 00:22.520 place. 00:22.550 --> 00:29.270 Java's string type, which was considered really primitive compared to the other programming languages. 00:29.270 --> 00:34.790 For example, if you have a string that holds double quotes, then you need to add an escape character 00:34.790 --> 00:39.680 like a backslash for the compiler to compile and treat this value as a string. 00:39.710 --> 00:42.800 Another example where you need a multi-line string. 00:42.800 --> 00:48.590 Then we need to add slash n at the end of each line in order to introduce new lines. 00:48.590 --> 00:52.010 This kind of works actually, but still this looks ugly. 00:52.010 --> 00:54.830 So this is where text blocks comes to the rescue. 00:54.830 --> 01:00.550 And it's primarily introduced in Java to work with strings in a better and easy way. 01:00.580 --> 01:03.340 So now it's time to introduce you to text blocks. 01:03.370 --> 01:06.670 Here is an example of how to define a text block. 01:06.700 --> 01:10.030 The text block begins and ends with a triple quotes. 01:10.030 --> 01:11.440 So that's what you have over here. 01:11.470 --> 01:17.830 Your new line is a must for the compiler to be happy, and which is also the beginning of the text block, 01:17.830 --> 01:24.880 where we can start providing the text and the indentation of the whole text block is based on the closing 01:24.910 --> 01:25.840 triple quotes. 01:25.870 --> 01:31.450 I'll show you examples where the ending triple quotes drive the indentation of the whole string when 01:31.450 --> 01:32.740 we get to the coding part. 01:32.770 --> 01:37.750 The benefit with this approach is that the code looks much cleaner and more readable. 01:37.750 --> 01:43.030 Some of the real time examples where our application can benefit from text blocks is that we can use 01:43.060 --> 01:45.040 text blocks to write a SQL queries. 01:45.070 --> 01:50.320 Actually, because it is a very common pattern for Java applications to interact with the DB. 01:50.350 --> 01:55.810 If you are using something like Springs, JDBC template, or some other SQL frameworks where you write 01:55.810 --> 02:01.740 a SQL query in those kind of scenarios, using triple quotes will be very beneficial, because the code 02:01.740 --> 02:06.630 that you're going to write is going to be very similar to the code that you write in a SQL client. 02:06.660 --> 02:12.390 Another example where text blocks can be handy is that we can use text blocks to represent JSON in a 02:12.390 --> 02:16.260 much cleaner approach compared to the regular string representation. 02:16.290 --> 02:18.510 I hope you all have a pretty good idea about text blocks. 02:18.540 --> 02:22.200 Now it's time to jump into the code and explore this feature in action. 02:22.230 --> 02:22.710 There you go. 02:22.740 --> 02:23.730 I'm back in IntelliJ. 02:23.820 --> 02:27.540 So we are still going to be working on the Explore latest Java Features project. 02:27.540 --> 02:30.510 And in here you will notice a package named Text Blocks. 02:30.510 --> 02:31.920 So let's open the text blocks. 02:31.920 --> 02:35.040 So in here I have an example already available. 02:35.040 --> 02:37.860 But this is using the regular string approach. 02:37.860 --> 02:39.930 And this is a multi-line string. 02:39.960 --> 02:42.900 Let's execute this program and then look at the result in the console. 02:44.340 --> 02:44.880 There you go. 02:44.880 --> 02:47.280 So this is the string that is printed in the console. 02:47.310 --> 02:52.020 Now what I'm going to do is I'm going to represent the same multi-line string using triple quotes. 02:52.020 --> 02:55.590 So what we will do, we'll copy this code and then put it over here. 02:55.590 --> 02:58.380 and here I'm going to name this one as V two. 02:58.410 --> 02:58.770 Okay. 02:58.800 --> 03:02.640 And then we are going to change this approach to a triple quoted string. 03:02.670 --> 03:07.050 So in this case what I'm going to do I'm going to define the triple quoted string. 03:07.080 --> 03:08.130 There you go. 03:08.220 --> 03:12.930 And then what I'm going to do is I'm going to copy the content from here. 03:12.930 --> 03:14.820 So in this case let's do this. 03:14.820 --> 03:19.080 And then you can pretty much copy the content that we have over there. 03:19.080 --> 03:21.150 And then we can actually copy this one too. 03:21.180 --> 03:25.650 So this is how you represent a multi-line string using text blocks. 03:25.650 --> 03:30.210 And one of the thing that I mentioned is that the ending triple quotes drive the indentation. 03:30.240 --> 03:30.510 Right. 03:30.540 --> 03:33.690 So in this case you see this actual green line over here. 03:33.690 --> 03:36.300 So this is the indentation for this particular string. 03:36.300 --> 03:38.340 What we'll do is let's print this one first. 03:38.340 --> 03:40.770 And then I'll show you how to play with this indentation. 03:42.210 --> 03:44.700 So I'm going to copy and paste this over here. 03:44.700 --> 03:47.970 So I'm going to actually call this multi-line string v two. 03:48.000 --> 03:49.410 Multi-line string v two. 03:49.440 --> 03:51.990 Let's execute this particular main function. 03:51.990 --> 03:54.050 So this is going to print the value over here. 03:54.050 --> 03:57.800 So in here, as you can see the data is printed in the console. 03:57.800 --> 04:00.170 So the code still works as expected. 04:00.170 --> 04:05.240 But if you take a look at the code comparing with the previous version, this code looks much cleaner 04:05.240 --> 04:06.260 compared to this one. 04:06.260 --> 04:09.470 And another thing is that this line drives the indentation, right? 04:09.470 --> 04:12.950 So let's say if I want to introduce a space in the second line. 04:12.980 --> 04:13.190 Right. 04:13.220 --> 04:14.810 So what you can do is you can do this. 04:14.810 --> 04:18.080 This will automatically introduce a space in the second line. 04:18.080 --> 04:23.810 So now if you go and execute the function here so you will be noticing a space before this second line. 04:25.880 --> 04:26.300 There you go. 04:26.330 --> 04:27.530 You see the space over here. 04:27.530 --> 04:31.520 So this space is added by our code that we added over here. 04:31.520 --> 04:37.880 So in this case let's say I want to have a indentation for a space for each and every line that I have 04:37.910 --> 04:38.390 over here. 04:38.390 --> 04:43.310 So in this case what you need to do is you just move the triple quoted string towards your left. 04:43.310 --> 04:46.820 As you can see now the indentation, this is a starting point of the line. 04:46.820 --> 04:50.120 And we have a space introduced for each and every line. 04:50.120 --> 04:53.380 So in this case if we execute this program you will see a different result. 04:53.560 --> 04:54.820 Let's execute this program. 04:54.820 --> 04:59.380 And in here, as you can see, there is a space that is being added for each line over here. 04:59.380 --> 05:04.150 So this is how you define a multi-line string in a modern Java using text blocks. 05:04.180 --> 05:09.580 Now let's say we want to have some dynamic code being added before we print the value into the console. 05:09.580 --> 05:11.530 So the way that I'm thinking here is that. 05:11.530 --> 05:16.810 So let's say we are going to be introducing this, and then we are going to be adding a name over here 05:16.930 --> 05:17.380 okay. 05:17.410 --> 05:20.020 And in here I want to print hello name. 05:20.020 --> 05:21.670 And then this particular string. 05:21.670 --> 05:23.710 So in this case what we can do is hello. 05:23.710 --> 05:26.770 And we can do percentage s which is the format function. 05:26.770 --> 05:31.240 And then we can still use all these functions as like we normally work with a string. 05:31.240 --> 05:35.500 So in this case we can call dot formatted and then pass the name. 05:35.500 --> 05:40.240 So this will automatically actually open the name to this one and then print that value in the console. 05:40.240 --> 05:43.300 So I'm going to name this one as string with format. 05:43.300 --> 05:47.710 So now what we are going to do we are going to actually call that function from our main function. 05:48.040 --> 05:51.240 So in this case we'll put this over here. 05:51.270 --> 05:54.900 We'll put this over here, and then we'll pass the name as any names. 05:54.900 --> 05:57.210 In this case, I'm going to pass the name as Dileep. 05:57.240 --> 05:59.310 Now if I go ahead and execute this function. 05:59.310 --> 06:01.560 So this is going to print the value in the console. 06:01.560 --> 06:05.610 But in the place of percentages that's what we are doing over here. 06:05.610 --> 06:10.050 We are actually replace the value that you pass to the formatted function. 06:10.050 --> 06:14.730 So this particular functionality still works with the text blocks. 06:14.730 --> 06:16.410 There are no changes to that one. 06:16.410 --> 06:18.750 Now let's write some SQL query right. 06:18.780 --> 06:22.620 So in this case what I'm going to do I'm going to create a function similar to this one. 06:24.120 --> 06:26.730 And in here I'm going to name this one as SQL. 06:26.760 --> 06:29.430 We don't need to pass any function over here. 06:29.430 --> 06:32.400 So in this case what we can do is we can write a SQL right. 06:32.400 --> 06:34.320 So let's remove all these things. 06:34.320 --> 06:39.570 So we can write function like select star from employee. 06:39.570 --> 06:47.370 And then you can actually pass where first underscore name equal to delete and last underscore name 06:47.370 --> 06:50.880 equal to Sundar Raj, so this will still work as expected. 06:50.880 --> 06:53.370 So this is where the text blocks come in handy. 06:53.370 --> 06:57.090 If you try to print this value in the console, this should work without any issues. 06:57.120 --> 07:04.650 In this case, let's go ahead and call this function SQL and SQL. 07:05.220 --> 07:06.810 It doesn't accept any argument. 07:06.810 --> 07:08.100 Let's go ahead and remove that. 07:08.100 --> 07:11.130 And then now what we are going to do we are going to execute this function. 07:12.270 --> 07:13.890 So in here in the console you see right. 07:13.890 --> 07:16.050 The SQL is printed very nicely. 07:16.050 --> 07:18.240 And the similar concept works for JSON too. 07:18.270 --> 07:24.420 So what we can do is we can actually create another function and then call this one as JSON. 07:24.450 --> 07:29.160 So let's remove everything over here and let's create a sample JSON over here. 07:29.160 --> 07:34.230 So in this case you can actually define let's say we wanted to create a JSON for an order. 07:34.260 --> 07:38.700 So in this case it could be order underscore id equal to 123456. 07:38.700 --> 07:43.050 And then you can actually provide some additional parameters like status. 07:43.170 --> 07:45.330 Let's say this is an online food order. 07:45.330 --> 07:50.840 So we can have a status like delivered next property could be final amount or final charge. 07:50.840 --> 07:57.140 And then we can have the value represented as 99.99 or whatever value you want. 07:57.170 --> 08:02.300 But the fundamental idea is you can write JSON as like you would want to see it actually. 08:02.300 --> 08:03.740 So that's again another benefit. 08:03.740 --> 08:09.020 So what we will do, we will actually go ahead and call this one. 08:09.020 --> 08:11.630 So in here let's pass the JSON over here. 08:11.660 --> 08:12.200 There you go. 08:12.230 --> 08:14.510 Now let's go ahead and execute this particular function. 08:14.510 --> 08:17.240 So the JSON should printed as expected. 08:17.270 --> 08:17.690 There you go. 08:17.720 --> 08:19.370 The JSON is printed as expected. 08:19.370 --> 08:25.610 So the point that I'm trying to explain is that with text blocks, working with strings are going to 08:25.610 --> 08:29.870 be very much easy and efficient compared to the previous approaches. 08:29.870 --> 08:31.910 So this is all about text blocks. 08:31.910 --> 08:37.520 So in your code, anytime you have a use case to use a multi-line string, or if you are writing SQL 08:37.520 --> 08:43.040 queries, I highly recommend you to start using the triple quoted string or the text blocks. 08:43.070 --> 08:44.780 Well, this marks the end of this lecture. 08:44.780 --> 08:45.800 Thank you for watching.