WEBVTT 00:00.330 --> 00:06.870 Let's not use what we've learned in the previous lesson to make some entities blink at different rates. 00:06.900 --> 00:11.680 OK, so I'm going to use two ladies and make them blink at two different frequencies. 00:12.330 --> 00:15.410 First, let's handle the first energy, OK? 00:16.110 --> 00:19.950 So define that is different. 00:20.610 --> 00:22.560 So I'm just going to add a new one. 00:22.560 --> 00:33.510 OK, in let's use spin room 12 in the set up in mode energy one in a Puzzo and went quite fast because 00:33.510 --> 00:34.460 you already know that. 00:35.070 --> 00:39.760 And then within the loop let's make this a living without the delay. 00:40.230 --> 00:51.840 So first thing I'm going to create and sang long previous time energy one that's new one like. 00:52.770 --> 01:04.410 This is initialised to me and then I need to add also time, long time interval, if you were. 01:07.030 --> 01:15.130 Which is to say, we want to make blink every 400, let's say four hundred and seventy millisecond. 01:15.160 --> 01:25.380 OK, so what we do in the loop first we do unsigned, long time, now is minutes. 01:25.390 --> 01:29.070 So we get the time, we get the current time in the loop function. 01:29.650 --> 01:37.530 And then we compare time now with the previous time we have made the break. 01:38.640 --> 01:41.310 And if this is greater than the time interval. 01:43.010 --> 01:50.000 Then we enter this book of code, the way we do is we are going to to your lady, OK? 01:51.480 --> 01:57.540 And just after all, before, it doesn't really matter, you can do previous time. 02:00.320 --> 02:02.870 Plus, equal time interval. 02:04.710 --> 02:06.620 And so we have Destructo. 02:08.030 --> 02:13.670 And then to talk about the idea what we're going to do, because here what we can just do digital, 02:13.670 --> 02:18.960 right, high end digital right now, we need to keep the state of the art. 02:19.310 --> 02:22.860 So I'm going to add a new value here into. 02:23.690 --> 02:29.150 The one eight, which starts at, say, low. 02:31.070 --> 02:37.190 And then I'm going to do this, but we have already done that in a previous activity, if the state. 02:39.880 --> 02:42.160 Is low with two equal sign. 02:43.390 --> 02:49.930 Then we do the one that is equal to high and then else. 02:52.380 --> 03:01.470 One state is equal to low, so if it's law, we said it's too high, if it's high, we said it too low 03:01.740 --> 03:03.690 and then we do digital. 03:03.780 --> 03:04.260 Right. 03:04.890 --> 03:09.930 Any one thing, we want it. 03:10.590 --> 03:10.980 All right. 03:10.990 --> 03:12.770 So what happened here in the loop? 03:12.810 --> 03:14.130 We get the Turrentine. 03:14.160 --> 03:20.570 We change the current time for tango, minus the previous time we linked the energy one. 03:21.180 --> 03:29.910 If this is greater than the interval, the time interval, we go inside that log of code that we execute 03:29.910 --> 03:34.560 the action and then we add a timetable to the previous time. 03:34.980 --> 03:41.040 So we make sure that we don't enter if just after, but we make sure that we are going to wait, at 03:41.040 --> 03:48.600 least for the time interval to enter the if again and to do the action we need to store the red states 03:48.630 --> 03:51.900 outside of this loop function. 03:51.910 --> 03:57.680 OK, because every time we enter the loop function and then if here we are going to toggle the added 03:57.780 --> 04:00.420 state, we need to know what was the previous date. 04:00.840 --> 04:09.530 So we initially that date to lock as an arbitrary choice and then we compare it to know if it's law, 04:09.540 --> 04:16.260 we set it too high, if we set it to low, and then we simply do digital right at any point with the 04:16.260 --> 04:17.820 state that we have just modified. 04:18.600 --> 04:20.880 And let's upload the program. 04:20.890 --> 04:23.580 So it's first verify the. 04:24.740 --> 04:28.260 Listening to it is because I mean to another one, just Attaran. 04:31.720 --> 04:33.070 OK, let's applaud the code. 04:35.790 --> 04:43.920 And you can see the edit is for the first lady is linking, OK, at four hundred and seventy milliseconds 04:43.920 --> 04:45.500 between each link. 04:46.350 --> 04:50.210 So we have just solved the delay problem for the editing. 04:50.460 --> 04:57.630 And now, of course, this just forward is a little bit overkill because if you just need a program 04:57.630 --> 05:04.240 with just one energy, then why would you use this instead of the simple solution with the delay? 05:04.680 --> 05:10.920 Well, because if not, you want to blink and other energy with a different rate, that would be much 05:10.950 --> 05:11.360 easier. 05:11.580 --> 05:13.720 And that's what I'm going to do right now. 05:13.950 --> 05:16.560 So let's add the other one. 05:16.740 --> 05:18.300 Define energy to. 05:19.580 --> 05:25.740 In which has been number 11 here in Moad and. 05:26.880 --> 05:29.910 To begin with output. 05:31.100 --> 05:32.930 And now I'm simply going to create. 05:34.650 --> 05:37.770 Valuables here for the LTTE to. 05:39.410 --> 05:45.210 So I create the previous time we bring the energy to, OK, this is a different one than the energy 05:45.230 --> 05:51.740 one, and the time interval here for one is five hundred seventy nine, the time interval for 80 to 05:51.740 --> 05:55.400 let's say we want to blink at one point three. 05:55.420 --> 05:57.900 Segan, the one thousand three hundred. 05:58.130 --> 05:58.430 All right. 05:58.430 --> 06:05.300 Then you can see this would have been very, very hard to make those to link for the first one with 06:05.300 --> 06:10.040 this frequency, the second one with this frequency, just with the delay function. 06:11.060 --> 06:13.940 So I'm going to also add it to. 06:15.070 --> 06:15.590 Eight. 06:17.650 --> 06:23.890 So for each new action, you are going to add the previous time, you're going to a time interval and 06:23.890 --> 06:27.710 then for this specific case, we need to start also the state. 06:29.260 --> 06:40.270 And in the loop, so first I get the current time I do my first action and then we the same current 06:40.290 --> 06:42.460 time, I can do my signature action. 06:43.180 --> 06:45.040 So I'm going to do time, No. 06:45.040 --> 06:57.670 Minus previous time to think if this is greater than the time interval to link. 06:58.750 --> 07:07.090 Then I'm going to enter this block of code, I'm going to do if anything to eat is low with two people 07:07.090 --> 07:08.980 saying we said it. 07:17.990 --> 07:18.650 We said it's. 07:20.260 --> 07:21.560 Too low. 07:22.300 --> 07:32.860 All right, then, so this is the exact same structure, digital, right, edited to deal with Eddie 07:32.860 --> 07:34.350 to the kids. 07:34.360 --> 07:39.670 So make sure you use the labels that we have created for the energy to. 07:41.500 --> 07:47.320 Make sure you don't make a typo, because if you change the state of energy, one when you are handling 07:47.320 --> 07:52.390 energy too well, this is where you can have a serious problem and then you scratch your head trying 07:52.390 --> 07:53.320 to find what happened. 07:53.680 --> 07:57.740 And this is a common area, OK, when you copy and paste stuff. 07:57.770 --> 08:02.760 OK, so sometimes it's just better to copy and paste the structure and modify the variables. 08:02.770 --> 08:05.590 But here you can see this can be a source of Beryl's. 08:06.820 --> 08:07.630 The previous. 08:09.420 --> 08:17.420 I'm ready to think less equal time interval and need to think. 08:19.020 --> 08:23.790 I'm just going to make sure I have a meet and campaign, they're all done. 08:24.870 --> 08:27.420 So here we simply have actually one. 08:27.930 --> 08:29.250 And here we simply have. 08:30.160 --> 08:30.820 Action to. 08:32.880 --> 08:40.260 We initialize some variables here for the time we assign time into it all the action, one Brustein 08:40.290 --> 08:47.970 time interval for the action to some dates that we need for the application, initialize the edit is, 08:47.970 --> 08:50.520 of course, and then we get the time. 08:50.980 --> 08:51.310 So. 08:52.640 --> 09:00.500 The time as we get the time and then we seem to take the duration for the action one, and then we simply 09:00.500 --> 09:03.830 try to duration for the action to etc., etc.. 09:03.980 --> 09:04.730 So, no, let's run. 09:04.730 --> 09:06.650 That could explode. 09:06.650 --> 09:07.100 Could. 09:09.950 --> 09:16.160 And you can see here we have the right energy, which blinks every one hundred and seventy milliseconds 09:16.640 --> 09:24.410 and the yellow energy which blinks every one point three signals, the blink rate is very different. 09:24.530 --> 09:28.090 But here it's just working perfectly. 09:29.390 --> 09:34.340 So here you have the structure that you can use for any action you want. 09:34.370 --> 09:37.680 So here the action is to make the head blink. 09:37.790 --> 09:43.760 OK, but this can be any other action, basically any action where you need to use a delay. 09:43.910 --> 09:47.060 OK, let's say you want to read data from the sun. 09:47.060 --> 09:53.630 So every five signal that you are not to use a delay of five sergant, you are going to use this structure. 09:53.990 --> 09:58.670 And now you can see we have completely removed the delay from the loop function. 09:59.090 --> 10:01.510 So, no, I have to say, don't use the delay. 10:01.520 --> 10:09.260 Actually, I'm not going to say never use delay because they are just a few specific cases where using 10:09.260 --> 10:13.800 delay is absolutely not a problem, let's say, in the setup function, let's say. 10:13.820 --> 10:18.830 So if you first you initialize the mode for the beans and then you just want to digital. 10:18.830 --> 10:19.250 Right. 10:19.580 --> 10:27.120 And what you just want to put on the pin number one, OK, for three seconds. 10:27.140 --> 10:32.930 OK, so when you start the program, you put on one for three things and then that's it. 10:32.930 --> 10:34.100 And then you enter the loop. 10:34.130 --> 10:36.560 OK, so the setup will only be executed once. 10:36.920 --> 10:41.900 So that's not really a problem if you use a delay here. 10:42.800 --> 10:43.600 Pejeta Right. 10:44.040 --> 10:47.520 That's the energy work load. 10:48.110 --> 10:52.040 So here I just want to hide for three seconds. 10:52.250 --> 10:56.510 I also want to wait for some communication to start. 10:56.520 --> 11:02.240 So let's say I'm communicating with a sensor and the sensor needs one point two seconds to start. 11:02.480 --> 11:04.960 Then I can use a delay for one point two seconds. 11:04.970 --> 11:06.760 OK, that would be more convenient. 11:07.070 --> 11:09.490 And this is because we are in the setup function. 11:09.860 --> 11:13.460 So this is like an initialization sequence. 11:13.680 --> 11:18.170 You do whatever you want and then of course you make sure you don't plug anything in the loop function 11:18.800 --> 11:20.870 and in the loop function sometimes. 11:21.710 --> 11:29.070 Well, sometimes you will need to just wait a few microseconds for a response which comes from a sensor. 11:29.360 --> 11:33.680 In that case, you can use the delay microseconds. 11:36.140 --> 11:39.880 We were a small number, for example, 10 microseconds. 11:39.920 --> 11:46.610 OK, this is a very, very small and sometimes actually that will really help you in your program to 11:46.610 --> 11:53.420 keep the program simple when you need to read data from the sensor and you just need to wait a few microseconds 11:53.420 --> 11:54.860 to get the result. 11:55.280 --> 12:01.570 So to recap, don't use delay in your code, but just you can use delay in the setup of initialization 12:01.940 --> 12:07.470 and in the loop, you can use delay microseconds with very small numbers in case you really need it. 12:08.390 --> 12:08.930 All right. 12:08.930 --> 12:14.060 And now this is time for you to practice more with the new time functionalities that you have just learned.