WEBVTT 00:00.180 --> 00:07.040 Let's come back to our digital pings on the audio, as you can see, some of the pings have a bit of 00:07.040 --> 00:07.950 volume function. 00:07.980 --> 00:15.030 I'm going to explain what is B.W. in just a moment so you can recognize them with the Tildy. 00:15.030 --> 00:18.000 Need a number for the pin on Arduino. 00:18.060 --> 00:25.120 You know, out of the 14 digital pings, six of them can be used as output beams with a bit of value 00:25.120 --> 00:32.580 when they are pings, number three, five, six, nine, 10 and 11. 00:33.420 --> 00:40.810 Now, what is a bit of a win win means both with modulation. 00:41.400 --> 00:43.290 That's quite a complicated name. 00:43.290 --> 00:49.560 But you will see it's quite easy to understand when you use a digital pin with a binary state. 00:49.860 --> 00:57.240 Either the voltage is high, which means five all the time are low, which means zero volt all the time. 00:57.840 --> 01:06.030 With a pinger win, you can choose to make the signal high only a fraction of the time, and this fraction 01:06.030 --> 01:10.410 of the time in percentage is called the duty cycle. 01:10.680 --> 01:13.020 So here we have three examples. 01:13.290 --> 01:16.240 First, we have a duty cycle of zero percent. 01:16.680 --> 01:21.020 This means that the signal will be high zero percent of the time. 01:21.540 --> 01:23.950 Thus the signal is always low. 01:24.420 --> 01:29.970 In practice, this is the exact same as just using digital right with low. 01:30.720 --> 01:36.890 If we look at the third example on the bottom here, we have a duty cycle of 100 percent. 01:37.410 --> 01:41.990 That means that signal will be high 100 percent of the time. 01:42.570 --> 01:45.050 Thus the signal is always higher. 01:45.510 --> 01:50.320 In practice, this is the exact same as just using digital rights with height. 01:50.880 --> 01:56.700 And now the interesting part, if you look at the example in the middle, you can see we have a duty 01:56.700 --> 01:58.990 cycle of 25 percent. 01:59.490 --> 02:08.040 This means that the signal will be high 25 percent of the time and low 75 percent of the time. 02:08.610 --> 02:15.000 In practice, for example, when you go on and instead using the P the volume of a digital. 02:15.720 --> 02:22.740 Well, if you see 25 percent of the duty cycle, it's very similar as if instead of supplying five votes 02:22.740 --> 02:31.230 to the pin, you just supplied one point twenty five volt, which corresponds to 25 percent of the vote. 02:31.680 --> 02:37.710 Thus, you can expect the energy to be both on that with a lower intensity. 02:38.280 --> 02:45.210 To make it simple, just think about the duty cycle of the people, um, as a percentage of the total 02:45.360 --> 02:46.070 voltage. 02:46.470 --> 02:53.040 And you can see that if you modify the volume duty cycle between zero and one hundred percent, you 02:53.040 --> 02:58.110 can have much more control over the average voltages supply to your components. 02:58.500 --> 03:07.080 Now on the Arduino, the percentage will be represented by an integer number between zero and two hundred 03:07.080 --> 03:13.860 fifty five zero is, of course, zero percent and two hundred fifty five is one hundred percent. 03:14.100 --> 03:20.550 If you want to apply a 25 percent duty cycle for the PITIABLY, when you will then need to give twenty 03:20.550 --> 03:25.250 five percent of 255, which is about 64. 03:25.830 --> 03:27.820 So let's complete our diagram. 03:28.320 --> 03:33.630 We are still setting the mode for the digital Pinas output and then we have two options. 03:34.020 --> 03:40.140 Either we use the PIN with a binary state, which means we use the digital right function with a high 03:40.390 --> 03:41.810 or low ball. 03:41.820 --> 03:49.130 And this only applies to things with the PWI in March, we can set an analog value using the analog 03:49.140 --> 03:56.580 right function, which we are going to see in the next listen and provide a value between zero and 255, 03:56.880 --> 04:00.360 which corresponds to the percentage of the duty cycle.