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Now what may seem like a long time ago,
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we created a password generator project.
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So this was in fact on day 5 where we took three lists,
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letters, numbers, and symbols,
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and we used it to generate a random list of letters, symbols,
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and numbers
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and then we shuffled all of those together and we turned it into a string to
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create a very secure password.
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Now I've modified the code a little bit,
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just so that we don't need to use any inputs.
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So we don't have to type anything in the console. Instead,
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I've created a random number between 8 and 10 to pick 8 or 10 letters
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and then 2 to 4 numbers and 2 to 4 symbols.
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So what I want you to do is the head over to this link
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which is in the course resources,
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and simply just copy everything that's in there into your password generator
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section,
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because we're going to be using this code in our password manager so that when
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the user clicks on this button,
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we can generate them a random password and already pre-populate that field.
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So they don't have to type anything
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and they don't have to come up with a really complex password like this.
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Once we've put our password generator code into the password generator section,
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let's go ahead and reformat it. So let's put our imports at the top.
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And as a challenge, I want you to take a look at these three lines,
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look at what they're doing.
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We've created an empty list and we're adding a random letter from this list of
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letters. And then we have this for-loop
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which basically creates a range from this random number,
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so anywhere between 8 to 10,
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and then we add a random letter to that password list. So this is a really
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good opportunity for using list comprehensions instead,
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because we can get rid of a lot of these for loops and do each of these things
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in just one single line of code. It's also a good point for
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a bit of revision.
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I want you to have a think about how these things work and see if you can do the
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same thing by changing these three sections into three list comprehensions.
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If you're successful, once you run the code,
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it should still work exactly the same way
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and you should see a random password being generated and printed down here.
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Pause the video and give that a go.
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All right.
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All right. So what I'm going to do is instead of creating an empty list,
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I'm going to create three new lists.
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One is going to be the password_letters and this list is going to be created,
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of course,
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using less comprehension and replacing these two lines of code.
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Remember our keyword formats.
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We have our new item for item in list.
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Now, in this case, our list is actually not a list.
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It's actually going to be a range because we're going to create a range using
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this random number. So we generate a range between zero and this number minus
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one. So we can pass in our number letters into here.
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Each of the items is actually not important.
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We don't actually need to use it so we can just use an underscore to replace it.
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But what is important is what the new item is going to be,
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because this is going to be created from random.choice
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and we're going to be passing in our list of letters up here so that we pick a
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random letter and we put it into our new list, password_letters.
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And then we're going to check to see how many times we need to do this by
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looking at the range. That line will replace these two lines of code,
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and we can go ahead and do the same thing for the other two sections.
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Yeah.
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These three lines of code uses list comprehension to replace these for loops. So
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we can delete those for loops and now we end up with three lists.
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Now we want to combine these three lists into one list so that we can actually
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shuffle it. So I'm going to create, again, this password_list,
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and it's going to be created by adding our password_letters to our password_
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symbols and our password_numbers.
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So we're basically adding all these three lists together and putting it into one
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big list, and then we're shuffling it up in order to get the final random list.
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Now we can actually cut down on this code even further if we wanted to.
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For example, instead of creating a separate variable here,
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we could actually put it straight in like this.
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And instead of calling random.randint,
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we can actually say from random import the methods that we need,
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which is choice and randint and also down here we're using the shuffle function
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as well.
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So now we can delete all the places where we have random and we can replace
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these with just simply the randint,
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and we can delete these three lines of code. And finally,
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it's simply just shuffle and we shuffle our password_list. Now,
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one last thing that I think is a good thing to point out is here
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we've created an empty string called password
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and then for each of the characters in our list,
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we've basically added it to this password. Now that's easy enough,
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but these three lines could actually be done in a more Pythonic way. In
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Python there is a method called join
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which is available on every single string.
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So you could take a string like the pound sign and you could call the join
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method on it.
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And what it does is it will create a new string that combines all of the
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elements in this iterable, John, Peter, and Vicky,
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and it will separate them by whatever character you put here. Now,
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this doesn't actually have to be a tuple.
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It could be a dictionary and it could also be a list.
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Let me convert this into a list.
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And now if I go ahead and use the pound sign to join my list and run this code,
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ou can see,
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I end up with the same results. Now,
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what if I actually delete this pound sign and I just have an empty string?
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Well, this will work as well. And what it does,
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it will join all of the elements in that list with no separation.
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That's basically what we're trying to do here, right? So instead of all of this,
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I can simply just write
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" ".join,
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and then pass in my list which is my password_list.
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And this would be equal to my password.
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And that replaces all of these lines of code. Right now
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if I run my code as it is, you can see
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I still generate my password and it still is super secure and super long
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and in fact, you can modify that by changing how many password letters you want,
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how many symbols, how many numbers,
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and you can change these up to make it even more secure.
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But we've greatly shortened this code from our day 5's work because we now
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know things like list comprehensions,
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and we've now learned the join method as well.
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So this entire section is our password generator mechanism.
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If we embed all of this inside a function
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so we could call it generate_password
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which is what it's pretty much going to do,
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then we can call this function when the user presses on that generate password
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button.
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So let's add another command and add in our generate_password function here.
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Now, what we don't want though is we don't want to print out the password,
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that's not very useful for the user who's using a graphical user interface.
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Instead, we want to populate this entry with the password.
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Do you remember how to do that?
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If you do, pause the video and complete this as a challenge.
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If you don't, I'm to show you how to do it.
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So it's the same way as what we did with our email.
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Remember how we wanted our email entry to have a starting value,
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the user's email. Well, we'll do the same thing here.
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So we can tap into our password entry and we call the method insert.
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Now the position that we want to insert our text is going to be at the very
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start,
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so the zeroth character, and the text that we want to insert into it is of course
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our newly created password. So now
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if I run my code, you can see as soon as I click on this button,
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a random and beautifully complex password gets generated and populated in here.
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Now, whenever I sign up for a new website,
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then I can simply just type in the name of the website,
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generate my password and hit add, and I'm already done.
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Now we've incorporated our generate password functionality,
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we're able to save all data to our data file.
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The very last thing I want to show you
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which is a really neat trick that you can do with Python is the ability to put
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strings into the clipboard so that once we click generate_password,
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this entire string,
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I don't actually have to go ahead and highlight it and then copy it and then get
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hold of it. Because in most cases, once I've generated my password,
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I want to be able to immediately paste it into somewhere where I'm signing up
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for, right? I want to be able to just simply hit
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paste.
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So how can we do that? Well, we can use a Python project
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which is called pyperclip. And this is a cross-platform Python module
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that just makes it so easy to work with copy and pasting for clipboard
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functions. All we have to do is import it
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and then we say, copy, and we pass in the text to be copied.
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Or you can hit paste and it'll paste whatever is in the clipboard.
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We're only really interested in these two parts.
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So two lines of code gets us that functionality. Going back to our code,
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scrolling to the very top,
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let's go ahead and import our pyperclip.
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Make sure that you spelled it right. You can check it against this link
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which I've got in the course resources.
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And once we type that you can see that PyCharm is already telling us you don't
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have this package. So go ahead and install it.
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Once it's been successfully installed (it's a very small module)
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then we can use it.
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And the part where we're going to use it is when we generate our password.
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So once we've generated our password, we're going to call pyperclip
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and we're going to call the copy method. Now, inside here,
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we have to put the text that we want to copy into the clipboard,
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which is going to be the password.
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So now when we run and I generate a new password, right now
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that password is already in my clipboard
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and I can show you just by pasting it into here with command + v. That makes
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it so much easier to work with our password manager
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because all we have to do when we want to sign up to a new account is to simply
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specify the website name
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and then we've already got our email saved and we've got our password generated,
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ready to paste into here.
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So that should make it a lot easier to have very secure passwords and also a
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place to check on what those passwords are when you forget.
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I hope you enjoyed building this project with me today
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and that you are going to put this into good use and make sure that all of your
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websites and all of your data and all of your accounts are secured with a good
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quality password.
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All right.