WEBVTT 0 00:00.140 --> 00:08.030 So now it's time to move on to Step 2 in the five steps to create our hangman game. 1 00:08.090 --> 00:15.620 Now in Step 2, I recommend reading through the Description for a more detailed breakdown of each 2 00:15.620 --> 00:22.670 TODO, because I don't want to clutter the code file with a bunch of text, but also I need to be able 3 00:22.670 --> 00:28.640 to put the TODOs in so that I can tell you where you need to write each of the blocks of code. 4 00:28.730 --> 00:33.980 So take a look through the TODOs and any hints if necessary. 5 00:34.010 --> 00:39.890 Ideally, if you can create the code for the solution without looking at the hints, that would be great, 6 00:39.890 --> 00:42.560 but the hints are there for a purpose. 7 00:42.560 --> 00:45.350 So if you get stuck, check them out. 8 00:45.440 --> 00:50.540 Now, as always, we're going to start by running the solution code without viewing the solution. 9 00:50.540 --> 00:57.080 And you can see what we're trying to achieve in this step is we've got the chosen_word printed. 10 00:57.770 --> 01:03.890 We want to print out a set of blanks, because when we actually have the final game, we're not going 11 01:03.890 --> 01:05.900 to show the user the solution. 12 01:05.900 --> 01:09.980 Instead, we're going to show them, "This is how many letters you need to guess." 13 01:09.980 --> 01:19.010 And we're showing it to them in these blanks, which are basically created with these underscore symbols. 14 01:19.450 --> 01:24.940 Now the next step is the user will go ahead and guess a letter. 15 01:24.940 --> 01:33.220 And what we want to do in TODO Number 2 is to create a variable called display that is going to put 16 01:33.220 --> 01:37.420 the guessed letter into the right position. 17 01:37.420 --> 01:38.680 So you can see an aardvark. 18 01:38.680 --> 01:43.900 We've got two A's at the beginning and then an A at this position as well. 19 01:43.900 --> 01:51.250 So we're creating a string where the user-guessed letter is put into the right positions of the word, 20 01:51.250 --> 02:00.190 but the unguessed letters are represented by underscores, which will represent a blank for the user 21 02:00.190 --> 02:01.870 to continue guessing. 22 02:01.870 --> 02:07.510 So as we're on Step 2, it's getting harder, but hopefully, you'll be able to figure out how to do 23 02:07.510 --> 02:14.530 this by looking at the TODOs, the hints, and also using your knowledge of Python. 24 02:14.530 --> 02:19.450 So I'm going to let you pause the video now and try to tackle this challenge. 25 02:36.520 --> 02:39.820 Okay, so the first thing we need to do is TODO Number 1. 26 02:39.820 --> 02:45.370 And we're going to write our code right here underneath it we're going to create an empty string called, 27 02:45.370 --> 02:46.180 "placeholder". 28 02:46.180 --> 02:47.860 So that's quite easy. 29 02:47.860 --> 02:53.590 And we're going to set it to equal an empty string with the double quotes with nothing in between them. 30 02:53.620 --> 03:03.190 Next we need to create a for loop so that for each letter in the chosen_word, we're going to add a 31 03:03.190 --> 03:06.820 underscore symbol to this placeholder. 32 03:06.820 --> 03:12.640 So for example, if the chosen word was apple then the placeholder will just be five underscores. 33 03:12.640 --> 03:14.140 So how can we do that. 34 03:14.140 --> 03:19.540 Well we learned about the for in range() function before. 35 03:19.540 --> 03:25.510 So we could for example say for and at this point you can name this variable whatever you like, but 36 03:25.510 --> 03:30.570 I'm going to call it, "position," for each of the positions in the range... 37 03:31.140 --> 03:33.030 Now what is the range that we want. 38 03:33.060 --> 03:39.000 Well, if the word was apple then we would want that range to be the number 6, because we want this 39 03:39.000 --> 03:41.190 loop to run five times. 40 03:41.190 --> 03:46.320 And we know that range goes from the starting point to the end point. 41 03:46.320 --> 03:52.380 So if we wanted to write (1, 6), then go ahead and print, 42 03:52.620 --> 03:58.710 "This loop has run". And I go ahead and run this current file. 43 03:58.710 --> 04:04.680 You'll see it prints us out one, two, three, four, five times, 44 04:04.680 --> 04:12.360 which means that instead of printing, "This loop has run", I could assign the placeholder a new value. 45 04:12.360 --> 04:17.160 So the += will add a new letter to that string. 46 04:17.160 --> 04:24.120 And I could add the underscore so that each time the loop runs we add an underscore to this string placeholder. 47 04:24.120 --> 04:26.610 So let's go ahead and print(placeholder). 48 04:26.610 --> 04:29.370 And let's rerun this current file. 49 04:29.370 --> 04:34.020 And you can see here we've got our string placeholder being printed out, 50 04:34.020 --> 04:42.870 and it's composed of five underscores because our range ran five times between one up to but not including 51 04:42.870 --> 04:43.590 six. 52 04:43.740 --> 04:53.070 So if we want the range to instead run to the number of characters in our chosen_word, then all we 53 04:53.070 --> 05:03.960 need to do is to create a word_length variable and we can set it to equal the length of the chosen_word. 54 05:04.230 --> 05:13.410 And now if we put that in here as the range and go ahead and rerun this, then you can see that we're 55 05:13.410 --> 05:21.450 getting the same number of times that loop runs as the number of characters in the word. 56 05:21.480 --> 05:28.350 So now we're basically creating this placeholder so that the user can look at this instead of the actual 57 05:28.350 --> 05:31.110 answer and try to guess the letter. 58 05:31.800 --> 05:38.370 Now, if this was at all confusing, do go back and revise the lesson where we learned about the range() 59 05:38.370 --> 05:45.360 function in the context of for loops in Python, it hopefully will make a bit more sense, and then 60 05:45.360 --> 05:47.700 you can come back here and fix your code. 61 05:47.970 --> 05:56.160 Now the next TODO is to create a variable called display that puts the guessed letter into the right 62 05:56.160 --> 06:00.680 positions and a blank in the rest of the string. 63 06:00.680 --> 06:09.230 So for example, in the Description here, you can see that if the word was Apple and the user 64 06:09.230 --> 06:16.100 guessed "p", then this display should put the "p" letters in the right positions, and then the rest of 65 06:16.100 --> 06:18.140 the positions have a blank. 66 06:18.140 --> 06:24.290 So we're going to reuse or rather extend this for loop that we created previously. 67 06:24.290 --> 06:28.340 So we know that we can loop through each of the letters in the chosen_word, 68 06:28.340 --> 06:33.530 and if the letter matches the guessed letter then we'll print, "Right", 69 06:33.530 --> 06:35.090 otherwise we'll print wrong. 70 06:35.090 --> 06:41.510 But instead of printing "Right" and "Wrong", what we want to do instead is to create a new variable called 71 06:41.510 --> 06:45.200 display and set this to equal an empty string. 72 06:45.740 --> 06:54.590 Now if in our loop, we check the current letter and it's equal to what the user guessed in their input, 73 06:54.590 --> 07:02.030 then we're going to take this display and we're going to use the += to add the current letter 74 07:02.030 --> 07:05.960 that we're looping through to this display. 75 07:05.990 --> 07:15.050 And if the letter is not a match then we're going to take the display and we're going to give it an 76 07:15.050 --> 07:16.910 underscore instead. 77 07:16.940 --> 07:26.210 So now if I go ahead and finally print out the final value of display at the end of the running of this 78 07:26.210 --> 07:29.450 loop, then we can see it in action. 79 07:29.450 --> 07:33.290 So the current word that's being chosen is aardvark. 80 07:33.320 --> 07:39.020 This is the placeholder being printed out with the number of letters in that word. 81 07:39.020 --> 07:41.360 And then we're asked to guess a letter. 82 07:41.360 --> 07:43.250 So I'm going to guess A. 83 07:43.250 --> 07:48.920 And then you can see that for each time this loop runs, we'll loop through the first letter in the chosen_word 84 07:48.920 --> 07:49.580 , 85 07:49.610 --> 07:53.270 A, is it equal to the guessed letter? 86 07:53.300 --> 07:54.500 Well it is. 87 07:54.500 --> 07:59.000 Well, in that case, we're going to add that letter to the display. 88 07:59.000 --> 08:01.280 And that's how we have this first a. 89 08:01.360 --> 08:09.640 Now when we loop to this R, so this letter is equal to R, "Is the letter equal to guess? No." 90 08:09.640 --> 08:11.500 So it's going to trigger the else. 91 08:11.500 --> 08:17.590 And in this case it just adds an underscore to that string display instead. 92 08:17.710 --> 08:24.970 And by the end of this entire process we end up with the display showing the letters which were correctly 93 08:24.970 --> 08:29.020 guessed, and blanks for the letters which were not. 94 08:29.650 --> 08:35.890 So that's all there is to it, to the two TODOs in Step 2. 95 08:36.160 --> 08:44.590 We're now creating the basis of our game that we're going to build on in future steps. So hopefully 96 08:44.590 --> 08:45.340 that makes sense, 97 08:45.340 --> 08:46.060 if it didn't, 98 08:46.060 --> 08:50.980 as always, go and fix your code and make sure you understand what's going on before you proceed. 99 08:50.980 --> 08:53.170 Otherwise I'll see you in the next lesson.